The A. C. Stewart Memorial Chapel of Missouri Valley College, Marshall, Mo., was formally delivered to the board of trustees and dedicated on October 19th. A large procession headed by Gov. Joseph W. Folk, with prominent citizens in carriages, went to the college campus, where the board of trustees, faculty and alumni of the college were in waiting. All then went into the new chapel, where William H. Black, D. D., president of the college; the board of trustees and a large number of distinguished guests from all over the United States participated in the exercises.

Little Rock has been selected by the Presbyterian Synod as the location for the new female college to be erected in Arkansas.

By the will of the late Edward Wilson James of Norfolk, Va., the University of Virginia will receive $200,000, with provision that for fifteen years to come the university shall turn over one-half of the income to the Confederate Soldiers' Home, Richmond, Va.

The corner stone of the new Spokane College, being erected by the Lutheran Church in Manito Park, Spokane, Wash.,

was laid on October 8th. Lutherans of several nationalities were present at the ceremonies. Spokane College is the twenty-ninth institution for higher education established by the Norwegians of America in the fifty years since they began migrating to the shores of this country. This college is not to be a narrow sectarian or foreign institution, but truly American, broad in its teachings, and open to all.

Colonel John F. Firch is the beneficiary of a Swedish Lutheran college to be founded at Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, according to a statement made by Mr. Firch himself.

"I have given to the general synod $100,000 for the founding of a college. The city of Coeur d'Alene offered $25,ooo bonus and a ten-acre site, and this has been accepted by the general synod," stated Colonel Firch. "Work on the construction of the college will begin in the spring. The church has been promised the use of some of the old Fort Sherman buildings during the winter, and the college may be started in a few months, though the new buildings themselves will not be completed for about a year's time. In case it is possible to arrange it, several of the departments will be opened during the winter, though the college can not open up in proper shape until it has its own buildings. The new college is to be called the Firch College.

"It is also true that I have promised. $10,000 for the founding of a college in Asia. The new college there will be for the education of women only and will also be called Firch College."

The Atlanta (Ga.) College of Physicians and Surgeons will open its fiftysecond session Monday in its new building, which will be completed and ready for occupancy in a few days. The new building when completed will have cost in the neighborhood of $100,000 and will be one of the handsomest in the South. The Carnegie Psychological Institute will be opened in about three weeks.

The

Time, in his restlessness, has brought us back again to the season when the autumn haze, or rather the college haze runs riot over the land and demonstrates the priceless boon of education. hazing period lasts until December, and until then the freshman's life is not his own. Ignoring that he himself was once the muttonhead of muttonheads, the lofty-browed, divinely appointed upperclassman forms himself into a commission to impress upon the "freshies" their unalterable social, mental and physical inferiority, and to inculcate into their aspiring bosoms a refined and commendable ambition to act likewise next year, if not sooner. The following, from the Baltimore News, is illuminative of the process of hazing:

"Keep your lamps burning till the bridegroom comes."

With clothes turned inside out, and made up as nearly as possible—and as expeditiously as the vigilance of the university authorities made necessary-in the role of the virgins of Biblical fame, four demure and thoroughly frightened Hopkins freshmen were marched gravely up Eutaw street yesterday afternoon by a band of stony-hearted juniors.

Three of the "freshies" carried small safety matches high above their bared heads to signify the lamps, while the fourth, his virgin efforts stimulated by repeated prods from the juniors, beat loud upon a pair of cymbals, the latter being temporarily exalted to this purpose from their usual service as lids to ash cans.

This fantastic procession, which was witnessed by scores of person along Eutaw street, marked the beginning of the hazing period at the Hopkins. The "freshies" had been taking their

en

trance examinations since the middle of the week, and when the last examination was over yesterday it was a signal for the juniors to begin to "dress down" the new men.

After being taken some distance up Eutaw street, the freshmen yesterday were escorted to a backyard borrowed for the purpose. The most docile of the four was then allowed to go, and attention was directed toward the other three. After an eloquent speech by the chief hazer, in which he sought by every device known to the art of oratory to impress upon the trembling trio their utter in significance and indisputable worthlessness in the college world, the first victim was ordered to mount upon a rostrum (improvised from a beer barrel).

Having been made to assume the posture in which Praxiteles carved his Mercury, the freshman was then ordered to make a speech on either of two topics"Aerial Navigation in Eden" or "The Effect of Free Trade on the Manufacture of Milk Bottles." Unfortunately, he chose the former, and throughout his oration, things large and small navigated through the air in his direction.

"One of his classmates was then told to kneel at the speaker's feet, and when the oration had been brought to an abrupt close, demand was made for a duo rendition of "Waiting at the Church."

"By this time it was growing dark, and the third victim was released after being compelled to dance the cachuca on top of a cracker box."

Now, this is all very funny in print, and no doubt was immensely satisfactory to all participants, the victims excepted. But it will not bear analysis, at least not by any one other than an alienist.

It seems necessary to education, though; just as necessary as foot ball hair; just as necessary as pipe-smoking; just as necessary as "boomalacker-boomalacker, siss boom bah!" Says one of our exchanges: "Any complaint against hazing would be peevish and unreasonable, and calculated to imperil the future of our embryo statesmen, captains of industry, our doctors, our legal lights, lit

terateurs and professional athletes. So let them haze. They'll do it anyway."

The college freshman is still in danger of losing his limbs or his life simply because he is a freshman. Although hazing is not practiced as widely or as openly as some years ago, it still survives. Its worst features now, however, are kept secret, and only now and then some mad prank becomes public because its perpetrators could not conceal the injuries or the death of their victim. Instances continually come to light of hairbreadth adventures in which a hapless freshman almost loses his life, but of which nothing is known until the students implicated are graduated and the vow of silence during their college course which they have sworn is abrogated.

Recently at a certain Connecticut university the details came to light of a dare-devil escapade among members of a certain class which occurred many years before and in which one youth almost lost his life. It was not until the members of the class came back for a reunion that the secret got out. It was not until then that the good people of the town in which the university was situated awoke to the fact that there had been hazing of the most desperate character right under their very noses and they had known nothing about it.

It seems that when sophomores of this class corralled a party of freshmen one night and carrried them off to a precipitous ravine back of the college one of the "sophs" obtained what he thought was a stout rope. After a "freshy" had been blindfolded this rope was tied around him, just under his arms, and he was let down from the precipice. Either the rope was rotten or it was cut by the jagged rocks of the cliff, for suddenly it parted and the youth at the end of it went crashing down into the abyss. In some marvelous way he clutched a stunted tree that grew out of the stones and saved himself. Otherwise he would have been dashed to death on the rocks below. All present promised secrecy, and so it was not until the class had been graduated that the story leaked out.

Among girls as well as boys the spirit

of hazing flourishes. At a schoool at Lafayette, Ind., several girls were put through such an ordeal that one of them. nearly died from nervous shock. The girls were candidates for membership in a local secret society. According to the story of one of the victims they were blindfolded. Ice was then passed up and down their bare backs, and at the same time a redhot branding iron was applied to a piece of beefsteak, which caused such a sizzling and smell of burning flesh that they shrieked as if really tortured with branding irons. Afterward a dish of angle-worms was shown them, and on again being blindfolded they were told they must eat of the worms. At this command their persecutors forced down their throats great spoonfuls of hot macaroni. This made several of the girls sick, but the tortures were continued until all were prostrated.

A hazing escapade which ended in death was enacted not long ago at a large eastern university. At that time one of the tricks of the sophomores was to lead a freshman to the brink of a certain high cliff, blindfold him and then tell him to jump. If he had the courage

to do so he would leap only to find himself caught a few feet away by a blanket held out by a half dozen sophomores.

One dark night some sophomores were making their victims go through this ordeal when one "freshy" lost his nerve completely. When told to jump he would quiver from head to foot until one of his persecutors began to jeer at him for his cowardice. Stung by these words, the youth suddenly made a lunge when the sophomores with the blanket were unprepared to catch him. Instead he dived straight down to the bottom of the abyss and crushed out his brains on the rocks below.

Some of the ceremonies of an initiation into certain college fraternities may be classed as hazing of the most nerveracking order. Many instances are on record of young men being killed in this way. A few years ago at one of the larger colleges a student was killed in a hazing. He had been hustled blindfolded about the city streets by a crowd of upper class men, forced to climb lamp posts

and make speeches to passers-by, ring door bells, ask absurd questions of householders and run blindfold races down the middle of the street. The society chapter-house stood in a yard shut off from the street by a low iron fence. "Rushing" the candidate from the street into the yard some of the men ahead swung the gate back. The unfortunate The unfortunate candidate ran into this at full speed, the iron gate striking him with full force in the stomach, causing internal injuries. that resulted in his death a few hours later. As the victim of this hazing was a well-known society man and very popular in college and the men who were responsible for his death were members of prominent families, the case made a great stir and resulted in the abolition of this kind of hazing for many years at that institution.

In a New England college some time ago the members of a secret society tried to hit on some new method of hazing their initiates. At last they decided on a scheme which it is safe to say was never repeated by that society, for it resulted differently from what was expected. The neophytes were made to undress and then one was compelled to lie outstretched on his back on a huge cake of ice. Not content with simply watching him squirm on the ice, his tormentors sat down on him and held him in a rigid position for fifteen minutes. By this time he was numbed through and through, his lips and fingers having turned purple and his face drawn as if it had been paralyzed. From the ice the victim was taken to a hot room, for his persecutors, becoming suddenly afraid they had carried the "joke" too far, foolishly imagined they must warm him up as fast as possible. Accordingly they poured hot water down his back and gave the poor wretch such a shock that he completely collapsed. Two months later he was dead.

Another story is told of a freshman in an eastern college who was led to the edge of a wharf and told to jump into the stream. When he refused his captors seized him and threw him in. The body struck the water with a great splash and with a laugh the sophomores began to

bet where the bedraggled head would emerge. But no head appeared. The laughing ceased and at length two of the sophomores, fearing that some injury. had befallen their victim, dived in and brought him to the surface. He was unconscious and across the top of his head the scalp was found to be torn in a long jagged line. The "freshie" had struck a submerged pile head first. He died without regaining consciousness.

In another eastern college a first-year man, five years ago, was put through an ordeal which would have resulted in a kindlier fate if it had killed him. While he had been in college about a half year a great wave of hazing swept over the institution and, despite organized effort to quell it on the part of officers and faculty, there were weird processions in the business section, parades of which a freshman in grotesque raiment and savage paint was the leader, while his captors marched gravely behind. There were midnight raids in hall and dormitory and the new scratches, bruises and blackened eyes which appeared almost every morning at chapel told of many a "scrap" of the night before.

One night a party of "sophs" learned that a freshman whom they had tried to lay hands on for some time had neglected to lock the door of his bedroom. Having quickly laid their plans, they stole stealthily up the stairs, and, rushing in, they made him their prisoner. With hoots and howls they pulled him out of bed and told him to perform a few "stunts." They made him eat soup out of a wash bowl without a spoon, "row for the shore" with a couple of matches and perform other tricks equally edifying.

Each command given him, however, he obeyed promptly and fearlessly. His tormentors could not devise anything too hard for him to do, until one of them, losing patience at not being able to frighen the lad, yelled out:

"Jump out of the window!"

Before any of the rest could restrain him, the freshman mounted the window sill and leaped into the dark. It seems he thought that there was a blanket held outside to catch him, and never for an

instant supposed that the command had been given merely as a "joke." The window was in the third story and the ground fully twenty-five feet below.

With blanched faces the sophomores gazed at one another, too overcome by what had happened even to speak. The sound of groans from without, the shuffling feet as of people hurrying to that body which each imagined he saw, bleeding, perhaps dead, on the sidewalk below, filled the minds of the hazers with the direst forebodings. When the sophomores finally roused themselves from their stupor and rushed downstairs they found the "freshie" in a pool of blood and just lapsing into unconsciousness. At the hospital the victim's father was sent for, the doctors worked over the body for hours and when they were finally rewarded by seeing the youth's eyes open one of them turned and whispered to the father:

"You ask for the truth, and, though it is cruel, I will tell you. We can save his life, but it will be useless to him. His spinal column is shattered. He will be an invalid for life."

As the students implicated were sons of influential families, the real causes of the freshman's injuries were suppressed. Instead, the story given out was that the youth fell from his window because of having lost his balance while sleeping near it. Thus what might have been held up as a fearful example to the hazers of the university and have put an end, for a time at least, to their cruel practices, was passed by as a mere accident, and the sophomores are still waging the same barbarous warfare on the freshmen as before.

The victim of this outrage may now be seen in the streets of a suburb of Philadelphia any fine day, sitting helplessly in a wheel chair, which a faithful negro trundles up and down the side

walk.

A similar fate not long ago befell a student in a Pennsylvania university. He was caught one night by two sophomores, who blindfolded him and laid him on the ground.

"We are going to cut you in two,' growled one.

"And then sew you together," murmured the other.

So saying, one man caught the "freshie" by the hands and the other by the feet, and they swung his body against the trunk of a tree. This hazing "stunt" is called "cutting a freshman in two," and is intended only to give the victim a smart blow on the ribs. But the sophomores miscalculated the amount of force necessary to thump their man harmlessly and cracked his body against the tree with such an impetus that they broke his hip. They made the youth a cripple for life.

In Germany the students point with great pride to the long seams in their faces where the sabers of antagonists have slashed them in duels. At the present time, however, the student in this country is not expected to go out into life with any scars to show as a guarantee of a completed education. Yet some of them do, and would they tell how they came by these marks they might relate many a thrilling instance of hazing of which even their closest friends are ignorant. In a college not far from Philadelphia, for example, two freshmen were thus marked for life as the result of hazing. Imprisoned by sophomores, they were led into a dark room, where all they could see was a roaring fire behind a grill work of iron bars. Before they could realize whether they were in this world or the next a voice above their heads shouted:

"Prepare to die. Beyond is the inferno. You are to be cast in headlong." At these words hands from behind clapped bandages over their eyes and they were suddenly thrown forward. At the same time acid, that was intended to be diluted enough only to smart the skin, but not to burn, was thrown in their faces. The tormentors proposed only to give their victims the idea that they had been cast into fire, but their laughter at the yell which the men gave was suddenly hushed. The freshmen writhed in such an agony that the tendons of their necks and shoulders stood out like whipcords. The lights were turned on and it was discovered that acid of full strength had been used and that in places it had