sity of a department of diplomatic training will be regarded with interest chiefly because of the attitude of students toward it. While it is not intended to impart the full training necessary for those who represent the government abroad, it is quite reasonable to assume that carefully selected curricula will add materially to natural equipment for missions of state. Unless there is a very radical change in our diplomatic system, however, it will not offer an attractive "career" to the young men who must depend upon the salaries paid for their living. In fact, the most desirable posts, such as those at St. James, St. Petersburg, Berlin and other European capitals, have salaries attached to them that are entirely inadequate for the ambassadorial living expenses. Only wealthy men can afford to take these positions, so that if the young men who graduate from the Columbia course of training desire to progress in the diplomatic service they must have outside help or give up all idea of holding the more important

missions.

Another interesting feature about the Columbia experiment is the attitude of the government toward it. There is no way of extending official recognition to this one institution and the federal administration is under no obligation to favor its graduates in the matter of appointments or advancement. It is true that the tendency of the Roosevelt administration is to promote from less important to more important posts, and from the consular to the diplomatic. Yet a succeeding president may change this whole arrangement unless the Roosevelt policy is perpetuated by congressional action.

There is a tendency in some quarters to treat the diplomatic service as something of an expensive joke. The day of the diplomat is passing, as diplomats were considered in the years before railroads and telegraphs. It is now possible for nearly all our ambassadors and ministers to keep in close touch with their government, and seldom do occasions arise for individual action without consultation with the President or the Secretary of State. Even a President

sailing on the high seas is now in constant communication with the members of his cabinet. This means that the diplomat having resigned his most important responsibilities has become more of a mere social representative of his country. Perhaps, after all, that is his chief function, and this should be recognized in any course of study looking toward diplomatic training.

SEGREGATION.

The segregation of students is in the experimental stage in a number of the big educational institutions of the country, and while there is some substantial criticism from high authority and some mild rebellion by students, the authorities seem determined to give the system a fair trial.

At Northwestern University the policy of segregation which heretofore was the rule in chapel services and social diversions has been extended even to students' boarding houses. The Evanston "coeds" are not even permitted to receive roses or chocolates from men students, and the ukase is issued that there must be no callers after 9:30 p. m., no moonlight strolls without a chaperon, and no after-theater luncheons or cab rides from the railroad station to their homes.

Reports of the average standards of scholarship when segregation prevails will be watched with interest, and it is hoped that exact reports will be made, as their comparison with similar reports from institutions where there is no segregation will do much to determine the wisdom of the policy.

There is a wide diversity of opinion as to the propriety of extending segregation into the social life of students. Even where class work is divided it is a disputed point as to whether segregation has any benefits beyond the hours devoted to study.

In Oberlin and institutions of that class, where all classes of students are in evidence, the authorities declare that segregation has few if any advantages. At the University of Chicago there have been reports of decreased attendance by

"coeds," but the experiment in Chicago has not had time for definite results.

SHALL FOOTBALL STAY?

The discussions regarding the game

of football which had influence in modifying materially the playing rules were attended by certain considerations altogether aside from the question of brutality upon the field. A year's experience has led to a feeling that the game as now played is much safer than under the old rules, the number of severe accidents having been greatly reduced. But there is another phase of the subject which is now attracting attention. It is connected with the spirit of the game so far as the contestants are concerned.

The alumni of the University of Michigan, at their annual smoker, expressed their earnest desire that a game be played between the elevens representing Michigan and Chicago. No game was permitted in 1906 because the feeling between the two had become so bitter that

it was felt by the authorities in charge of the educational policy of the institutions that it was time to put an end to such a state of affairs. Columbia University suppressed the game entirely and Northwestern refused to permit intercollegiate contests. The number of games permitted to members of the western college organization was limited to five, and

there was a marked determination to make football take a less conspicuous place in the college world.

Now Harvard and Yale are talking of severing relationships, and the president of the former university is quoted as saying that he does not think it would be much of a loss. On the other hand, crowds of Columbia students have been parading the streets in the vicinity of the university crying in unison, "We want football!" in measured cadence as they marched along. And out west the conference which regulates the game is reported to be planning to increase the limit of five games to seven or eight. It is clear from these varying views of students and educators that there is no satisfactory understanding as yet on certain moral phases of the sport called football. Until such an understanding is

reached there ought to be no step backward.

Director Stagg takes sharp issue with President Eliot's theory that tennis and rowing are the only sports in which honorable play is practiced, and that, therefore, it would do no harm to have football, baseball, basketball, and hockey forbidden. He believes that hard play develops character, but is always insistent upon clean and honorable sportsmanship. Without healthy sport there would be a tendency to deterioration of young men which would have a marked effect on the race. The two views represent the extremes of belief, and they indicate that those who have given their lives to work in college circles are by no means agreed even upon essentials. In other words, while the year that has just closed has seen notable improvements in the morale of football, it is an open question_whether there should be anything in the way of radical change allowed without another season's experience. The world would go on just the same whether Harvard played Yale or Michigan Chicago. Another year of absence of the latter game might be as valuable in clearing up the atmosphere as would be a break between the former. What is most needed is the definite relegation of college sport to its rightful place as entirely subordinate to the educational curriculum.

COLLEGE ATHLETICS AND GATE MONEY.

At Harvard it is proposed to alter athletic conditions in the university so that general participation in athletics shall be increased.

There, as at most colleges, a few men train in the teams and the rest of the men, a reform will be begun which every stitutions, the athletic field, provided at big expense for exercise, is closed for weeks together to all the students except the football eleven and its substitutes in the fall and to the baseball team and its substitutes in the spring.

The University of Pennsylvania has begun a most useful practice in requiring exercise of all students. But what is needed in our colleges is a wider participation in all the work of games. This will never take place while the team sys

tem concentrates attention on a few men who are absorbing all the care of the trainer and all the apparatus at the command of the college.

If the proposal now made at Harvard, strongly urged in the college newspaper, and widely discussed, is carried out, that the stadium, or athletic field, shall be absolutely free at all games to all Harvard men, a reform will be begun which every college will be forced to follow.

At English universities the great body of students sharing in all the athletic work going on and training for interuniversity contests is a mere incident. At our colleges the reverse is true. What is needed is for the colleges to recognize the importance of general athletics, to take charge of the entire subject at the cost of the college, and instead of allowing an athletic committee and a few teams to monopolize physical training to provide trainers at the college expense and see that, like other instructors employed by the college, they teach every one who desires to be taught, instead of being used only for a few dozen men.

The recommendations by President Butler of Columbia University as to the conduct of athletics in that institution are accompanied by an opinion that gate receipts are undesirable, but that no practical means of dispensing with them has yet been discovered.

Probably that is a view that will be accepted-reluctantly as to the the last clause-by nearly all college administrators whose pupils are addicted to athletic contests. And the view is entirely

reasonable so long as the contests receive the attention now generally given to them and are carried to the present lengths. It is quite impracticable to meet the heavy expenses involved without taking the money which tens of thousands of eager spectators are very glad to pay. It is true that there is one institution with a very creditable record in the chief sorts of athletics the students of which do not resort to this source of income-the Military Academy at West Point. But the conditions there are different from those in any other institution. Strict discipline and great powers in the administration are the rule. The

sentiment of the cadet body is not so much considered, and the cadets do implicitly what their superior officers think is best for them. The number of the students is relatively small; public contests are not frequent. Moreover, the students are under constant and thorough physical training, and the athletic contests are a minor element in the scheme of such training.

How far it would be possible in our larger colleges to bring the general scheme near to that of West Point in this regard it is not easy to say. At present the public contests are the objective toward which most of the physical training tends; they provide the incentive for the work, the self-denial, the discipline, and the concentration of sustained effort that are necessary. Inevitably the benefits are limited, for the most part, to those students who wish to enter the competition and are able to make some satisfactory progress in it. This number is often considerable, and in some colleges is large. But is is generally agreed, we think, that the present system does not secure physical development to as great a degree or of as satisfactory a character as is desirable. It is really of more importance that 100 students shall attain sound bodies that will remain fairly sound after they leave college than that twenty of them shall be superior in strength, weight, and skill to any equal number from rival colleges. In a system fairly adapted to this end spectacular public contests, heavy expenditures, and heavy gate receipts will, perhaps, play less part than at present.

THE HONOR SYSTEM AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY.

Early in the present academic year a new scheme for the administration of Encina Hall, the big Stanford dormitory, was put into operation. The new plan of student government has made good and is expected to prove a thoroughly satisfactory settlement of a problem that for several years has vexed university authorities.

The government of the dormitory life at Encina is now in the hands of the students who live in the hall. In a word,

the Encina Hall men, organized as the Encina Club, govern the building as though it were their own clubhouse. In the first week or two of the term there were several stormy meetings, as the result of which, largely due to Professor A. H. Suzzallo of the Stanford faculty, himself an ex-Encina man, a definite scheme was formulated.

The details of the organization are as follows: The residents of the hall constitute the membership of the Encina Club and the dormitory is their clubhouse. There is a house committee, composed of the club president, ex-officio chairman of the governing committee, and three members from each of the two upper classes. The members of the committee are elected by the sophomore, junior and seniors in Encina, freshmen having no vote.

Before the organization could be effected it was necessary to secure the sanction of the student affairs committee of the university. This was readily obtained, and for six weeks the new scheme has been in operation. There are no written rules, the entire regulation of the hall being under the honor system. In case the unwritten code is violated the

offender is quietly notified by a member of the governing committee that he must mend his ways. The warning, representing a strong common feeling, is expected to be sufficient, but power of expulsion from the club rests with the committee as a final resource. Faculty and students unite in praising the operation of Stanford's application of the "honor system" idea in student government. It bids fair to be a complete suc

cess.

SELECTION OF RHODES SCHOLARS.

President Eliot, chairman of the Massachusetts committee of selection representing the Rhodes Scholarship Trust, has received from the trustees of the fund an announcement concerning the selection of a scholar from Massachusetts for the three-year term beginning in October, 1907. Examinations will be held in the following subjects: Translations from Latin into English, Latin prose, Latin grammar,

translation from Greek into English, Greek grammar, arithmetic, algebra and geometry. The last two subjects are alternative. The requirements in these subjects are identical with the requirements for responsions, which are the first public examination which an Oxford student undergoes.

A candidate who passes the qualifying examinations will be excused from responsions at Oxford, whether he subsequently enters the university as a Rhodes scholar or on his own resources. The examination papers are transmitted to Oxford under seal, and are marked there. The results are then certified to the committee on selection, which then proceeds to the election of a scholar from among the qualified candidates.

In all states of the United States other than Massachusetts, a candidate must have passed in at least two years' work at a recognized degree-granting university or college, before the end of this current academic year. Massachusetts is allowed the unique privilege of presenting candidates directly from the secondary schools as well as from colleges.

Candidates throughout the United States possessing the university or college qualification may elect whether they will apply for the scholarship of the State or Territory in which they have acquired their educational qualification, or for that of the State or Territory in which they have their ordinary residence. The candidates may pass the qualifying examinations at any centre, but they must be prepared to present themselves before election to the committee in the State or Territory they select. No candidate may compete in more than one State or Territory.

In accordance with the wish expressed by Mr. Rhodes in his will, regard will be had, in the election of a student to a scholarship, to: the candidate's literary and scholastic attainments, his fondness for and success in manly outdoor sports, such as cricket, football and the like, his qualities of manhood, truth, courage, devotion to duty, sympathy for and protection of the weak, kindliness, unselfishness and fellowship, and finally for his exhibition during schooldays of moral

force of character, and of instincts to lead and to take an interest in his schoolmates.

THE GIFT HORSE'S MOUTH. The old proverb, which has been repeated over and over again in literature. since the fourth century at least, is recalled by some recent criticisms directed against gifts made by Andrew Carnegie. It has not been long since strong statements were made in Scotland to the effect that the large endowment for the assistance of students in the universities of that country has had a pauperizing effect, tending to weaken the sense of independence and the earnestness of purpose of Scotch seekers after education.

About the same time it was announced that the municipal authorities of Pittsburg had found the burden of supporting the Carnegie institutions there so great that the founder has been appealed to to provide an endowment fund of several millions to furnish the running expenses. The appeal was heeded in that instance and the care of the important enterprises assured. In the case of a library gift to a community the ironmaster has been accustomed to make it a requirement that a site be furnished and a maintenance fund provided by the local authorities. But there is evidence that in some places the first flush of enthusiasm over the idea of a nice public building has been followed by discontent, as running expenses have proved heavy and the prospect of indefinite continuance of the burden has begun to be realized. It seemed so easy to secure the funds for the library building out of the millionaire's bulky pocketbook that the other feature failed to have the attention it demanded.

A present of a building has its drawbacks. University authorities have found this out by a study of the budget for running expenses and repairs. Some of them have laid down a firm rule not to accept a building as a gift unless there is an allowance sufficient to provide a steady income to meet janitor's salary and other permanent expenses of maintenance. The good old days when a man could give £400 and have a college named after him are past. The most im

portant question nowadays is not, How may a building be secured? but rather, Where is the money to come from which will be required next year and the year after and so on for half a century, perhaps, to keep the building in usable condition?

A few weeks ago friends of Princeton rejoiced in the gift of a lake, the one thing needed to complete the charms of

that seat of learning. Now comes the unsentimental superintendent of the Delaware and Hudson canal, who says that the level of the lake is three feet higher than that of the canal, and that the trouble which comes with every freshet will be vastly increased by the overflow of the lake. To protect the older interests of the canal he threatens to drain the lake, which he calls a real estate scheme to enhance values of land. The donor is said to have fallen prey to the schemes of land speculators. This is but another illustration of the criticism which often attends the gifts of wealthy men. Mr. Carnegie has had his full share of such criticism, but it does not appear to have soured his disposition or made him any the less willing to hear appeals from those who see a way to use some of his surplus.

THE COLLEGE YOUTH.

The most irresponsible genius on earth is the college boy. From the cut of his clothes to the trend of his morals, he is a law unto himself. Free for the first time from parental restraint; with a super-sufficiency of both time and money; with an amount of work to perform generally in inverse ratio to the amount of money he has to spend; it is little wonder that he frequently does so little that he ought to do and persists in doing so much that he ought not.

A tailor whose shop is located near a great Eastern university, and one of the best in the world, by the way, is authority for the statement that the college boy is the worst dressed individual in the world. When pressed for a reason for the faith within him he made this answer: "Because the college boy goes in for such exaggerations. Instead of following a new fashion with restraint he