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will appoint Robert Preston Brooks, who is now completing a three years' course at Oxford, England. Mr. Brooks was a winner of one of the Cecil Rhodes' scholarships at Oxford, and is one of the most brilliant students ever sent out from the state of Georgia.

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Charles Cheney Hyde of Chicago, associate professor of law in Northwestern University, has been appointed to give the courses in international law at Yale next year. He will take the place of Professor Woolsey, who is to be absent on leave. The resignation of Rev. Lewis Orsmond Brastow, D. D., professor of practical theology and former dean of the Divinity School, and Daniel Cady Eaton, professor of history and criticism of art, have been accepted. Both become professors emeritus.

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The Alice Freeman Palmer fellowship of $1,000, founded at Wellesley in 1903 by Mrs. David F. Kimball, has been awarded for the coming year to Helen Dodd Cook, Wellesley '05, and fellow in philosophy and psychology for the present year. Miss Cook will continue the study of psychology at a German university.

Largely influenced, it is said, by the many petitions, letters and appeals which have come to him ever since the announcement of his intention to resign from the faculty of Princeton University, Dr. Henry Van Dkye has decided to withdraw his resignation and remain Murray professor of English literature. Petitions came to him from alumni associations in all parts of the country, faculty, students, and a host of friends. One petition had more than three hundred signers.

Dr. Van Dyke has sailed for the Holy Land, where he will spend two months.

It has been announced that at a special meeting of the Wabash College trustees Dr. George L. Mackintosh was elected president to fill the vacany caused by the death of the late Dr. William P. Kane. The new president is a Wabash alumnus and for the last sixteen years

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Dr. R. E. Hatton, who has for the past few years been in charge of the Roanoke College for Young Women, Danville, Va., has resigned the presidency of that institution, to take effect at the end of the present session. Prof. J. A. Brewer, now the principal of the Franklin Female Seminary, of Franklin, Va., has been elected as Dr. Hatton's successor, and will assume charge of the college, beginning his active work at the beginning of next session.

Dr. Hatton's resignation was tendered in order that he might assume the presidency of liberty College for Young Women, located at Glasgow, Ky.

Lawrence Mason has been appointed instructor in English at Yale. He graduated in 1904 and was eighth in his class in studies. While in college he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Psi U and of the Elihu Club. He also was one of the founders and a director of the dramatic association and wrote the "Ivy Ode" for the graduating exercises of his class. During his college term Mr. Mason was an editor of the Yale News and of the Yale Record. Last winter he published an English grammar and a school version of "A Tale of Two Cities" in conjunction with Professor Buehler. Since he graduated from Yale he has been a member of the faculty of the Hotchkiss School at Lakeville, Conn. Five of his brothers were graduated from Yale before him.

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Announcing the budget for the year beginning July 1, 1907, the trustees of Columbia University made known the fact that they were studying the whole question of professors' salaries, as advised in that part of President's Butler's last annual report, which he devoted to a discussion of the increased cost of living. The question has been turned over to a special committee, consisting of President Butler, Edward Mitchell, chairman of the committee on finance, and ex-President Seth Low. In the budget just adopted the trustees have made provision for increasing from ten to twenty per cent the salaries of twentyfive members of the teaching staff "who were most conspicuously underpaid."

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Miss Katherine E. Conway, editor of the Boston Pilot, was the recipient of the Laetare medal, given by the university of Notre Dame, South Bend, Ind., on the fourth Sunday of Lent, known as Laetare Sunday, because the introit for the day begins with the Latin "laetare," meaning "rejoice." The medal is given each year to some member of the Catholic laity who has been distinguished in law, letters or for work of philanthropy, and has been presented since 1883. Miss Conway became a member of the editorial force of the Boston Pilot during the life of the late John Boyle O'Reilly, and succeeded James Jeffry Roche as editor in chief. She has written a number of books and finds time for much work of a charitable nature.

OBITUARY

health failed in 1881.

Miss Ada L. Howard, first president world. She held the position until her of Wellesley College, died at Brooklyn, N. Y., on March 3rd. Miss Howard was born in 1829. For several years she taught at Mount Holyoke College, and at the Western College, Oxford, Ohio. At one time she was Principal of the woman's department of Knox College, Galesburg, Ill., and later conducted a private school at Bridgeton, N. J., from which she went to Wellesley, becoming the first woman college president in the

The educational world has lost one of its brightest ornaments of former years by the death of Miss Howard. Although she had lived long enough to see great advances made in the provision for woman's education, in fact, to see them placed on a full equality with the other sex in this respect, in Massachusetts at least, it was her distinction, worn with great modesty and humility, to be one of the

factors in the uplifting movement which brought all this about.

When the late Henry Fowle Durant established that splendid monument to his philanthropy, Wellesley College, he felt that he had accomplished the coronation of his work when he secured Miss Howard as its first president and his coworker in putting the college in the front rank of educational service.

Mr. Durant said, "I have been four years looking for a president. She will be a target to be shot at, and for the present the position will be one of severe trials. I have for sometime been closely investigating Miss Howard. I look upon her as appointed to this work, not by the trustees, but by God, for whom the college was built."

Miss Howard wisely furthered the plans of the founders, and held the position with great Christian devotion and dignity till health failed in 1881. In appreciation of her life at Wellesley, in 1890, the alumnæ placed in the college a portrait of their first president. In her honor a scholarship was given Wellesley College, called the Ada L. Howard scholarship, the beneficiary to be appointed by her.

William C. Simmons, formerly professor of Greek in the University of Vermont, died at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York on March 25th. He was born at Wareham, Mass., in 1841, and was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1868. After year as a university proctor, he was sub-master of the Boston Latin School. Then he went to Vermont, and after leaving there he was master in Berkeley School, New York City, 1880 to 1899, and associate Headmaster of Syms School from 1899 to the time of his death.

Professor John Krom Rees, who held the chair of astronomy in Columbia University for twenty-two years and was director of the observatory at that institution, died on March 10th at Summit, N. J. He was 51 years old and the youngest of the first group of professors to benefit by the Carnegie retirement pension fund for teachers.

Since his graduation from Columbia in 1872, except for five years, during which he was in Washington University, in St. Louis, Professor Rees constantly held a teaching position in Columbia. He was the first fellow in science appointed there. Afterward he became an instructor, and in 1885 he was named head of the department of astronomy as Rutherford professor upon him.

In recognition of his work in astronomy he was elected a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society of London and a member of the Astronomische-Gesellschaft of Leipsic. When When representing the United States as a juror in the Paris Exposition in 1900 he was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor by the French government.

Professor Rees had been president of the New York Academy of Science, vice president of the American Mathematical Society, general secretary of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and secretary of the American Metrological Society. He was born in New York, 1851.

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CATECHISM OF A SCIENTIST

Sir Oliver J. Lodge, LL.D., F.R.S., principal of the University of Birmingham, has issued the text of a catechism, which is designed for the use of teachers interested in the education of the young. The object sought after is the harmonizing of religion and the theories of evolution. The text of the catechism has been cabled to the New York Sun. In the preface Sir Oliver says:

"From the viewpoint of a teacher and trainer of teachers the following clauses have been drafted by me as affording a partially scientific basis for future religious education:

"Question-What are you?

"Answer-A being, alive, conscious upon this earth, my ancestors having ascended by gradual processes from the lower forms of animal life and with struggle and suffering become man. "Question-What then is meant by the fall of man?

"Answer-At a certain stage of development man became conscious of the difference between right and wrong so that thereafter when his actions fell below a normal standard of conduct he felt ashamed and sinful. Nevertheless the possibility of the fall marks a rise in the scale of existence, as creatures below this level are irresponsible, feel no shame, suffer no remorse and are said to have no conscience.

"Question-What is the distinctive character of manhood?

"Answer-That he has responsibility for his acts, having acquired the power of choosing between good and evil with freedom to obey one motive rather than another.

"Question-What is the duty of man? "Answer-To assist his fellows, to develop his own higher self, to strive toward good in every way open to his powers, and generally to seek to know the laws of nature and obey the will of God, in whose service alone can be found that harmonious exercise of the faculties

which is synonymous with perfect freedom.

"Question-What is meant by good and evil?

"Answer-Good is that which promotes development and is in harmony with the will of God. It is akin to health, beauty, and happiness. Evil is that which retards and frustrates development and injures some part of the universe and is akin to disease, ugliness and misery.

"Question-How does a man know. good from evil?

"Answer-His own nature, when uncorrupted is sufficiently in tune with the universe to enable him to be well aware of what is pleasing and displeasing to the guiding spirit of which he himself should be a real, effective portion.

"Question-"How comes it that evil

exists?

"Answer-Acts and thoughts are evil when they are below the normal standard attained by humanity. The possibility of evil is a necessary consequence of the rise in the scale of moral existence, just as an organism whose normal temperature is far above absolute zero is necessarily liable to a damaging, deadly cold, but the cold is not in itself a positive or created thing.

"Question-What is sin?

"Answer-Sin is the deliberate, willful act of a free agent who sees better but chooses worse and thereby acts injuriously to himself and others. The root of sin is selfishness, whereby needless trouble and pain are inflicted on others. It is akin to moral suicide,

"Question-Are there beings lower in the scale of existence than man?

"Answer-Multitudes. In every part of the earth where life is possible we find it developed. Life exists in every variety of animal, in the earth, the air and the sea, and in every species of plants.

"Question-Are there beings higher in the scale of existence than man?

"Answer-Man is the highest of the dwellers of the planet Earth, but the earth is only one of many planets warmed by the sun. The sun is only one of a myriad of similar suns which are so distant that we hardly see them, and group indiscriminately as stars. We may be sure that in some of the innumerable worlds circulating about distant suns there must be beings far higher in the scale of existence than ourselves. Indeed we have no knowledge which enables us to assert the absence of intelligence anywhere.

"Question-What caused and what maintains existence?

"Answer-Of our own knowledge we are unable to realize the meaning of its origination and maintenance. All we can accomplish in the physical world is to move things about by means of our bodily organism and then leave them to act on each other. But we conceive that there must be some intelligence supreme over the whole process of evolution or else things could not be as organized and as beautiful as they are.

"Question-Is man helped in the struggle upward?

"Answer-Man did not bring himself into existence nor can he unaided maintain his existence or achieve anything whatever. There is certainly a power in the universe vastly beyond our comprehension. We trust and believe it to be a good, loving power, able and willing to help us and all creatures, to guide us wisely without detriment to our incipiert. freedom. This loving kindness surrounds us every moment. In it we live and have our real being. It is the mainspring of love, joy, and beauty. We call it the grace of God. It sustains and enriches all worlds. It may take a mutiplicity of forms, but its essence and higher meaning is especially revealed to the dwellers on the earth in the form of the divinely human, perfect life of Jesus Christ, through whose spirit and living influence man may hope to rise to heights at present inaccessible.

"Question-How may we become informed of things too high for our own knowledge?

"Answer-We should strive to learn

from the great teachers, prophets, poets, and saints of the human race whose writings have been opened to us by education. Especially should we learn how to interpret and understand the Bible, which the nation holds in such high honor.

"Question-What then do you reverently believe can be deduced from a study of the records and traditions of the past in the light of the present?

"Answer-I believe in one infinite, eternal Being, a guiding, loving Father, in whom all things consist. I believe the divine nature is especially revealed to man in Jesus Christ, who lived, taught, and suffered to Palestine 1,900 years ago and has since been worshiped by the Christian Church as the immortal Son of God and Saviour of the world. I believe the Holy Spirit is ever ready to help us along the way to goodness and truth, that prayer is the means of the communion of man and God and it is our privilege by faithful service to enter life eternal, the communion of saints and the peace of God.

"Question-What do you mean by life

eternal?

"Answer-Whereas our terrestrial existence is temporary, real existence continues without ceasing in either higher or lower form according to our use of the opportunities and means of grace and that the fullness of life which is ultimately attainable represents a state of perfection at present inconceivable to us.

"Question-What is the significance of the communion of saints?

"Answer-Higher and holier beings. must possess in fuller fruition those privileges of communion which are already foreshadowed by our own faculties, language, sympathy and mutual aid, and just as we find our power of friendly help not altogether limited to our own order of being so I conceive the existence of a mighty fellowship of love. service.

"Question-What do you understand by prayer?

"Answer-That when our spirits are attuned to the spirit of righteousness our hopes and aspirations exert an influence far beyond their conscious range and in

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