HAND-BOOK

OF

PHYSIOLOG Y.

OF

PHYSIOLOGY

BY

WILLIAM SENHOUSE KIRKES, M.D.

Seventh Edition

EDITED BY

W. MORRANT BAKER, F.R.C.S.

LECTURER ON PHYSIOLOGY, AND

WARDEN OF THE COLLEGE, AT ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL;
SURGEON TO THE EVELINA HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN.

WITH TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY-ONE ILLUSTRATIONS.

LONDON

JAMES WALTON

BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER TO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
137, GOWER STREET

1869.

165. f. 10.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY WERTHEIMER, LEA AND CO.,

CIRCUS PLACE, FINSBURY CIRCUS.

PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION.

A NEW Edition of Dr. Kirkes's Handbook of Physiology having been so soon called for, a sufficient time has not elapsed for the accumulation of any considerable number of facts, needing incorporation with the text. The physiological discoveries of two years, although many, do not of necessity-indeed, cannot -include a large number of those broader truths, the enunciation of which occupies the chief portion of this work. On the other hand, suggestions, from friendly critics too numerous to thank individually, regarding reconstruction of certain portions of the book, especially in correspondence with the wants of students, have been neither few nor unheeded.

Hence, though a record of all important and wellfounded recent observations has been inserted in various sections, the chief difference in the present