it reached New York Harbor, quarantine and sanitary regulations then, as now, succeeded in preventing its spread on shore. Some apprehension was of course felt on those occasions, but not sufficient to seriously interfere with business.

In the case of the present epidemic, the German city of Hamburg, between which port and New York the vessels of the Hamburg-American Line regularly ply, has been the greatest source of danger to America. It is from Hamburg that most of the Russian and Polish emigrants sail for the United States. The story of the dreadful havoc wrought by the plague in the German city, has been already told in this number (p. 247). The action of the Hamburg authorities in concealing for a full week the true condition of their city, and allowing vessels in the meantime to depart with shiploads of emigrants, under clean bills of health, has been universally condemned. One of these vessels, the Moravia, of the HamburgAmerican line, sailed on August 18, with 385 steerage passengers. She arrived in the lower New York bay on the night of August 30. Her sur geon's report showed a record of twenty-two deaths during the voyage. An examination revealing the fact that the "cholerine" reported on the vessel was Asiatic cholera of the most deadly type, the Moravia was immediately ordered to Lower Quarantine in the outer bay, and every preparation made for the long battle.

Although the arrival of the scourge was expected sooner or later, the definite announcement that it had at last made its appearance in New York Harbor caused a thrill of apprehension throughout the country. The Administration acted with commendable promptness, supplementing the active sanitary work which had already been instituted by the health authorities of New York and other ports. President Harrison, who had been visiting Hon. Whitelaw Reid in New York State, hurriedly went to Washington to confer with the officers of the Treasury; and, on September 1, a proclamation was issued to Collectors of Customs, Foreign Steamship Compa

The New York Quarantine is in charge of a Commission appointed by the Governor of the State, its chief executive being Dr. William T. Jenkins. The above proclamation, which was generally approved, was in no sense an attempt to interfere with the measures taken or proposed by Dr. Jenkins, who, under the laws of the State, was invested with full authority in quarantine matters.

On September 3, the infected ship Moravia was joined in the lower bay by the Normannia and the Rugia, also of the Hamburg-American line. The latter, carrying 98 cabin and 436 steerage passengers, had had four deaths at sea; and the Normannia, with 488 cabin and 482 steerage passengers, reported five deaths during the voyage. On both vessels, the deaths were confined to the steerage. Arriving at Quarantine, the sick and those suspected of infection were removed to Swinburne Island, while the rest of the steerage passengers were taken to Hoffman Island, and the ships were disinfected. The hospital on Swinburne Island was placed in charge of Dr. John M. Byron, who went thither for the express purpose,not only of caring for the sick, but of conducting an investigation of the bacteria of cholera.

What was to be done with the cabin passengers on the Normannia, became à serious question. In spite of their protests and appeals, they were kept imprisoned on the infected ship for seven days, although no case of sickness had appeared among them. Secretary Foster, of the Treasury, offered Dr. Jenkins the government reservation on Sandy Hook as a place of refuge; but the latter preferred Fire Island, a narrow bar lying off the southern shore of Long Island, on which were a summer hotel and cot

expected. A committee from the township of Islip, under the leadership of a lawyer named Reid, had applied to Judge Barnard, of the Supreme Court in Brooklyn, for an injunction restraining the health authorities from using Fire Island for quarantine purposes; and, when the Cepheus steamed up to the pier, a mob of citizens from Islip, Bay Shore, and Babylon,had gathered to prevent their landing until the injunction signed by Judge Barnard arrived. Although the mob included many prominent citizens of the towns mentioned, their insane fear of infection rendered them deaf to all appeals; and they threatened violence if a landing were attempted. They paid no attention to the proclamation which Governor Flower had issued, warning all people not to interfere with the actions of the health authorities. Not even the piteous spectacle of women and children faint and sick with hunger and privations, could alter their determination to keep the passengers off Fire Island. And so there was nothing for the Captain of the Cepheus to do but to take his vessel back. Another night was spent in sleeplessness, cold, and hunger. Fortunately a few mattresses had been sent from shore by the quarantine doctor, and these were given to the older women and the children.

The next day, Tuesday, the 13th, came relief. The judges of the Supreme Court in Brooklyn had met and dissolved the injunction of Judge Barnard; and Governor Flower ordered out two regiments of the National Guard, and the Naval reserve, to force a landing if necessary. Before the troops arrived, the news had reached Fire Island; and the unruly mob had quickly disappeared. The passengers on the Cepheus were soon put ashore, and comfortably quartered in the Surf Hotel. Among them were United States Senator McPherson, of New Jersey; Mr. E. L. Godkin, editor of the New York Evening Post; Mr. A. M. Palmer, the theatrical manager; the Rev. R. D. Harlan, of New York; and Miss Lottie Collins, the actress whose rendering has made famous the song "Ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay."

Progress of the Disease.

While the above incidents were being enacted, the continued addition of vessels to the infected fleet, and the development of new cases, doubled the vigilance and activity of the health authorities at Quarantine and on shore. The streets of the city were flushed with water and disinfected, and printed instructions were freely scattered, telling what precautions against infection should be taken.

Considerable apprehension was felt lest the disease should find entrance into the United States through Canada, and extra precautions were taken at points along the Lake and St. Lawrence border, the Canadian officials heartily supplementing the efforts of the United States officials. A Central Board of Health was appointed by the Quebec Government to cope with the situation. The passage of an orderin-council was secured, forbidding immigration by land or water into the province. A proclamation was also issued by the Dominion Government, authorizing the Minister of Agriculture to impose a twenty days' quarantine, if necessary, on vessels from infected or suspected ports; and active measures were taken to increase the efficiency of the quarantine stations at Grosse Isle (Quebec), Halifax, and Sydney. So far as reported, no outbreak of cholera occurred along the Canadian border.

In spite of the efforts of the health officers at New York, it seems that the cholera did actually gain a landing in the city. During the week or ten days ending September 14, as many as six persons died of the disease in five different tenement houses, chiefly in the eastern part of the city. The disease is supposed to have been brought on land by immigrants from the steamer Friesland, of the Red Star Line, which sailed from Antwerp August 20. There being some doubt as to the true character of the cases, the health officers felt justified in continuing the bulletins declaring the city free from cholera; but, unlike the authorities of Hamburg, they used the utmost care, and established a most rigid isolation of the suspected houses

326,849,827

17,290,000

The Adjutant-Generalship in the Army rendered vacant by the retirement of General J. C. Kelton, was filled in July by the appointment of Colonel Robert Williams, the Senior Assistant Adjutant-General. General Williams' active service extends over forty-five years, and includes a record of gallant conduct during the war, for which he was breveted three times.

Another appointment which has given general satisfaction in Army circles, has been that of Brevet MajorGeneral Eugene A. Carr to be Brigadier-General in the place of General Stanley, recently retired on account of age. General Carr is a native of New York State. He entered the Academy at West Point in 1846, and was commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the regular service in 1851. In the Rocky Mountain expeditions of 1852 and 1853, and in the Indian troubles of 1860, his services were of a high order; and, by the time the Civil War broke out, he had reached the rank of Captain. His promotion thereafter was more rapid. At the battles of Wilson Creek and Black River Bridge, Miss., and at the capture of Little Rock, Ark., his meritorious conduct on each occasion won him special promotion; and, at the close of the war, he was breveted to a Major-Generalship. He has rendered distinguished service in Indian campaigns since the war.

GRAND ARMY REUNION. For four days, from the 19th to the 22d of September, the national Capital was given over to the 26th Annual Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic. The gathering was by far the largest, and in many respects

Captain A. G. Weissert, of Milwaukee, Wis., was elected Commander-inchief to succeed Captain John Palmer. Captain Weissert was born in Ohio, but served throughout the war in the Eighth Wisconsin Volunteers, the famous "War Eagle" regiment. He was badly wounded before Nashville in December, 1864, and received his Captain's commission for gallantry on that occasion.

It is estimated that in the parade on September 20 last, fully 67,000 men marched past the stand in front of the Treasury Building, from which VicePresident Morton reviewed them. President Harrison was unfortunately prevented from attending, owing to the serious sickness of his wife. The route along Pennsylvania Avenue was the same as that taken in 1865 by the 150,000 survivors of the Armies of the Potomac and the West, when they passed in review before President Johnson and his Cabinet, the foreign representatives in Washington, and their own honored Generals Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan. On that occasion the procession was thirty miles. long, and took seven hours, on both the 23d and 24th of May, to pass the reviewing stand. On September 201 last, it took only a little over eight hours. The contrast between the Washington of to-day, with its well paved streets, finely shaded avenues, and magnificent public monuments and buildings, and the Washington of war times, made a deep impression on those who could recall to memory the review in 1865.

THE NAVY.

It is hardly more than ten years since the building of the new Navy was begun after a long period of in