Thrifty children of Zunder School make their deposits with the principal

original ideas were brought to light in this way. One little girl, for instance, took the subject, "Wasting paper in school." She proved that by avoiding waste $10.24 a year could be saved. In a number of schools little thrift plays were written. These were acted by the students in the classrooms. Outside speakers also added zest to the proceedings.

Only the outstanding features of this work in New Haven have been touched; but even from them it is possible to visualize the benefits to be derived. Perhaps the best evidence is contained in a sentence from the report of the New Haven thrift committee. It reads: "The largest and most lasting work of thrift week has been accomplished in the public schools and that field is likely always to prove the most profitable."

To encourage thrift many savings banks

in Czechoslovakia give to each new pupil in the elementary schools a passbook with a beginning credit of 1 krone. The schools of the country celebrate thrift day and impress upon the children that saving insures happiness and that industry and I thrift mean prosperity for the individual and for the nation.-Emanuel V. Lippert.

Recent legislative action will greatly increase the income of the University of Porto Rico.

February Meeting of Department of Superintendence

All attendance records will be broken by the Washington meeting of the department of superintendence, February 21 to 25, if the predictions of the officers of the department and of the National Education Association prove to be correct. Already the full capacity of 35 leading hotels has been reserved; additional rooms are to be had only in private homes or apartment houses.

The proceedings will begin with a pil.grimage to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington, on Sunday, February 21, and a vesper service at Memorial Continental Hall will follow. Three general meetings will be devoted to elementary education, junior high schools, and senior high schools, respectively. Among the speakers named for them are John J. Tigert, United States Commissioner of Education, Mary McSkimmon, president of the National Education Association, Frank O. Lowden, formerly governor of Illinois, and Donald B. McMillan, the arctic explorer.

Meetings of topic groups and of organizations allied to the department of superintendence will, as usual, occupy much of the four days, and breakfasts, luncheons,

San Diego Schools

Three times a year every child in the elementary schools of San Diego, Calif., is weighed and measured, and given a complete physical examination, as well as special inspection when necessary. School dentists treated 1,999 children during the school year 1924-25, and the teeth of 1,960 were cleaned. In cooperation with the city health department more than 3,000 children were vaccinated, half of these being compulsory on account of exposure.

As many as possible of freshmen students in the high schools are examined, and a very complete physical examination is given upon recommendation of the school nurses or physical education teachers. Physical examination by a physician under direction of the medical department of the schools is a prerequisite to participation in interscholastic

sports.

School sanitation and inspection, as well as the proper ventilation of schoolrooms, are given special attention by the medical department, and with the cooperation of parent-teacher associations and other organizations, fresh milk is furnished children in primary and elementary grades. It is supplied free to undernourished children upon recommendation of the principal or school nurse.

Among the organizations named in the program are the National Society for the Study of Education, National Council of Education, Department of Rural Education, Department of Elementary School Principals, Department of Deans of Women, National Council of Primary Education, National Council of State Superintendents and Commissioners of Education, Educational Research Association, National Association of Secondary School Principals, City Teacher Training School Section, Department of Vocational Education, National Association of High School Inspectors and Supervisors, and National Society of College Teachers of Education.

ए

A prize of 100,000 lire for a new and original discourse in the Italian language, on the economic, financial, and social consequences of the European War, is announced in the Italian Official Gazette of Rome. The discourse preferably should be related to Italian life, and the contest is open until October, 1928. Though no division of the prize is contemplated, in case no contribution of outstanding worth is submitted within the time limit, the examining committee which is composed of five members, four of whom are from the Royal Academy of the Licei, may divide 30,000 lire among aspirants whom they consider worthy of encouragement.

The fundamental questions raised by the efforts to measure native intelligence are discussed by the author in this book, which takes issue with the view of the "determinists" that heredity fixes ability. ⚫ Doctor Bagley maintains (1) that education, far from being merely an expression or concomitant of intelligence, plays a positive and indispensable rôle in the development of intelligence; and (2) that, perhaps in a limited and yet in a very real sense, education operates as an equalizing force among individuals of varying degrees of native endowment, resulting in a "leveling-up" process. An appendix includes ratings of the several States on a number of measures such as economic efficiency, the production of leaders, intelligence, morality, and criminality as well as revised ratings of State school systems.

BURT, CYRIL. The young delinquent. New York, D. Appleton and company, 1925. xv, 619 p. plates, tables, diagrs. 8°.

The author of this book is professor of education in the University of London and psychologist in the education department of the London County Council. He approaches the problem of the young criminal as a study in child psychology, and discusses both the causes and the treatment of delinquency in the young. Besides relating the cases of young offenders which Doctor Burt has handled in England, the book also deals with the treatment and training of "naughty" or "difficult" children generally, and with the explanation of their misconduct. It is addressed to all who are interested in the welfare of the child.

HILLEGAS, MILO B. Teaching number fundamentals. Philadelphia [etc.], J. B. Lippincott company [1925]. 98 p. 12°.

A manual to accompany the Horace Mann supplementary arithmetic, diagnostic and corrective, by Milo B. Hillegas, Mary Gertrude Peabody, and Ida M. Baker (J. B. Lippincott company, 1925). This arithmetic is the result of investigations and repeated experiments that have been conducted in the Horace Mann School of Teachers College, Columbia University, and in the classes of other schools for a period of more than eight years, with the object of providing materials suitable for effective drill. The exercises presented in the textbook are designed to be a guide in the mastery of the process concerned, also to serve in locating defects, and finally to afford remedial materials for independent work by the pupil. KELLY, ROBERT LINCOLN. college administration. N. Y. [Lancaster, Pa., press], 1925. xii, 276 p. 12°.

Tendencies in New York, The Science front., illus.

The chapters comprised in this volume have been adapted from a course of lectures on American college administration and life given by the author at the Sorbonne in Paris. They emphasize phases of the subject not characteristic of the French institutions of higher education. The various recent developments in college organization and adminis

tration are handled in detail concisely and compre hensively, including the movement to give more recognition to scholarship and to the individual student.

The psychol

KITSON, HARRY DEXTER. ogy of vocational adjustment. Philadelphia [etc.], J. B. Lippincott company [1925]. ix, 273 p. tables, diagrs.

12°.

The objects of this work are (1) to point out the psychological problems involved in choosing a vocation and becoming proficient therein; (2) to describe the attempts that have been made toward their solution; and (3) to suggest and illustrate scientific methods that may be employed by psychology in the exploration of the vast field that remains to be covered regarding the worker and his work. The author hopes to reveal to each other the different groups who are interested in studying the problems of vocational adjustment.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BOARD OF

EDU

CATIONAL SURVEY. A survey of the educational system of the Philippine Islands; by the board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine legislature. Manila, Bureau of printing, 1925. xviii, 677 p. front. (map), plates, tables, diagrs. (partly fold.) 8°.

This survey was authorized by two acts of the Philippine legislature in 1924, and was carried out by a survey staff numbering 23 persons, both Americans and Filipinos, of whom Dr. Paul Monroe, of Teachers' College, Columbia university, was director. In making their study, the specialists of the survey took advantage of applying the educational experience of other countries with which they were acquainted to the Philippine situation. The report of the educational survey commission covers the field comprehensively, dealing with elementary, secondary, and higher education, physical education, teacher training, measurement of the results of instruction, general administration, finance, and private schools. A series of constructive suggestions are presented for the improvement of the Philippine school system.

PROCTOR, WILLIAM MARTIN. Educational and vocational guidance. A consideration of guidance as it relates to all of the essential activities of life. Boston, New York [etc.]. Houghton Mifflin company [1925]. xv, 352 p. tables. 12°. (Riverside textbooks in education, ed. by E. P. Cubberley.)

The phase of guidance for school pupils which has heretofore received especial attention is that for vocational placement. It is now recognized, however, that the proper guidance of young people is a far larger undertaking than merely directing them into suitable occupations at the close of their school career; instead, it involves their proper educational guidance for a long period preceding their entry into a vocation. The writer of this book presents the subject of guidance from the viewpoint of the entire field of education, including aspects of guidance as related to exploring and providing for individual differences; the selection of subjects, courses, and curricula; social and civic, health and physical activities; the worthy use of leisure time; character-building activities; making vocational choices and acquiring vocational information.

RIDGLEY, DOUGLAS C. Geographic principles; their application to the elementary school. Boston, New York [etc.], Houghton Mifflin company [1925]. x, 190 p. 12°. (Riverside educational monographs, ed. by Henry Suzzallo.)

This study undertakes to set forth in simple form the means of developing a limited number of geographic principles within the comprehension of pupils of the grades, and to make suggestions for applying these principles in the organization of the subject matter usually included in a course of study in geography.

ROANTREE, WILLIAM F., and TAYLOR, MARY S. An arithmetic for teachers. New York, The Macmillan company. 1925. xiii, 621 p. tables, diagrs. 12°. (American teachers' college series.

John A. H. Keith and William C.
Bagley, editors.)

Teachers of arithmetic require for their equipment both "adequate mastery of subject matter" and "methods and devices." The separation of academic from methods courses in arithmetic in teacher training has never proved entirely satisfactory. This "arithmetic for teachers" is a conscious effort to combine the valid elements of these opposing views into a consistent unitary treatment and to give, at the same time, an historical background which is combined with "margins of knowledge" for the teacher and "insights" into mathematical relations.

TwIss, GEORGE RANSOM. Science and education in China; a survey of the

present status and a program for progressive improvement. Published under the auspices of the Chinese national association for the advanceChina. ment of education, Peking, Shanghai, China, The Commercial press, limited, 1925. ix, 361 p. tables. 12°.

In this volume, Doctor Twiss records the observations made by him while acting as director of science education for the Chinese National Association for the Advancement of Education during a two-year engagement ending in 1924. Although the survey in hand related primarily to science and science education, the writer says that it brought to his knowledge information which led him inevitably to see the science-teaching problems from the background of the entire school system and the conditions under which that system is working. Doctor Twiss expresses great admiration for and confidence in the Chinese people, describes their outstanding educational problem, and makes constructive suggestions for the improvement of their school system. SHARLIP, WILLIAM, and OWENS, ALBERT A. Adult immigrant education; its scope, content, and methods. New York, The Macmillan company, 1925. xviii, 317 p. 12°.

The great progress in adult immigrant education which has taken place in recent years has made it evident that there is a pedagogy peculiar to this par ticular field which must be recognized. To the usual attempt of Americanization at bringing about superficial familiarity with democratic forms embodied in the Constitution and our civil government, this book adds many incidental means to the democractic control of individual and group conduct. Some of the topics taken up are aids to school organization and attendance, qualifications of the teacher, methods of teaching, daily program and class management, courses of study, use of tests and measurements, and selection of textbooks. An experiment in vocabulary control, carried out at the University of Pennsylvania and designed to increase the pupils' command of words relating to citizenship duties, is a noteworthy feature of this manual. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1926