CASARTELLI (LOUIS CHARLES), M.A. (Lond.), D.D. and D.Litt. Or. (Louvain), M.R.A.S. Bishop of Salford; Lecturer on Iranian Languages and Literature in the University of Manchester; formerly Professor of Zend and Pahlavi in the University of Louvain. King (Iranian), Law (Iranian). CHAMBERLAIN (ALEXANDER FRANCIS), M.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Clark).

Late Professor of Anthropology in Clark University, Worcester, Mass.; editor of the Journal of American Folklore (1900-1908); author of The Child and Childhood in FolkThought, The Child: A Study in the Evolution of Man; co-editor of the Journal of Religious Psychology, and of Current Anthropological Literature.

Incarnation (American).

COE (GEORGE ALBERT), Ph.D., LL.D.

Professor of Religious Education and Psychology in the Union Theological Seminary, New York; author of The Spiritual Life, The Religion of a Mature Mind, Education in Religion and Morals.

Infancy.

CONWAY (R. SEYMOUR), Litt.D.

Professor of Latin and Indo-European Philo

logy in the University of Manchester; sometime Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; Corresponding Member of the German Imperial Institute of Archæology; editor of The Italic Dialects.

Italy (Ancient).

Consul de France; Professeur près la Chambre de Commerce de Lyon, et à la Faculté des Lettres de Lyon.

Korea.

COWAN (HENRY), M.A. (Edin.), D.D. (Aberd.), D.Th. (Gen.), D.C.L. (Dunelm).

Professor of Church History in the University of Aberdeen; Senior Preacher of the University Chapel; author of The Influence of the Scottish Church in Christendom, John Knox, Landmarks of Church History.

Knox.

CRAWLEY (ALFRED ERNEST), M.A. (Camb.).
Fellow of the Sociological Society; author of
The Mystic Rose, The Tree of Life, The Idea
of the Soul, The Book of the Ball.

King (Introductory), Kissing, Kneeling.

CRIPPEN (THOMAS GEORGE).

Librarian at the Congregational Memorial Hall; Editorial Secretary to the Congregational Historical Society.

Hymns (Modern Christian).

CROOKE (WILLIAM), B.A.

Ex-Scholar of Trinity College, Dublin; Fellow
of the Royal Anthropological Institute;
President of the Anthropological Section of
the British Association, 1910; President of
the Folklore Society, 1911-12; late of the
Bengal Civil Service.

Images and Idols (Indian), Initiation
(Hindu), Jagannath, Jambukeswaram,
Jamnotri, Jaunpur, Jhinwar, Jualamukhi,
Juang (Pattua), Jumna, Junnar, Kachhi,
Kahar, Kailas, Kalwar, Kanauj,
Kandh, Kanheri, Kanjar, Kapala-
kriya, Karamnasa, Karle, Karnaprayag,
Katas, Katmandu, Kayasth, Kedarnath,
Kharwar, Kistna, Kol.

CUMONT (FRANZ), D.Phil., LL.D. (Aberd.).
Professeur à l'Université de Gand; Conser-

vateur aux Musées royaux de Bruxelles ; Correspondant de l'Académie royale de Belgique et de l'Académie des Inscriptions de Paris; auteur de Textes et Monuments figurés relatifs aux mystères de Mithra.

Kizil Bash.

CURTIS (C. DENSMORE), B.A., M.A.

Fellow of the American Academy in Rome.
Initiation (Roman).

CURTIS (WILLIAM ALEXANDER), M.A., D.Litt.,
D.D. (Edin.).

Professor of Systematic Theology in the University of Aberdeen; formerly Heriot Travelling Fellow, and Pitt Club Travelling Scholar, in the University of Edinburgh; author of A History of Creeds and Confessions (1911).

Infallibility, Interim.

D'ALVIELLA (Count GOBLET), Ph.D., LL.D. (Glas. and Aberd.).

Member and Secretary of the Belgian Senate;
Professor of History of Religions in the Uni-
versity of Brussels; Hibbert Lecturer, 1891;
Commander of the Order of Leopold; author
of Migration of Symbols.

Images and Idols (General and Primitive),
Initiation (Introductory and Primitive).

DAVIDS (T. W. RHYS), LL.D., Ph.D., D.Sc., F.B.A. Professor of Comparative Religion, Manchester; President of the Pali Text Society; Fellow of the British Academy; author of Buddhism (1878), Questions of King Milinda (1890-94), American Lectures on Buddhism (1896), Buddhist India (1902), Early Buddhism (1908).

Hymns (Buddhist), Kandy, Law (Buddhist).

DAVIDSON (William Leslie), M.A., LL.D. Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Aberdeen; author of The Logic of Definition, English Words Explained, Theism as Grounded in Human Nature, Christian Ethics, The Stoic Creed. Image of God.

DILLING (WALTER JAMES), M.B., Ch.B. (Aberd.).

Dr. Robert Pollok Lecturer in Materia Medica and Pharmacology in the University of Glasgow; formerly Lecturer in Pharmacology in the University of Aberdeen, and First Assistant in Pharmacology in the University of Rostock.

Knots.

VON DORSCHÜTZ (ERNST), D.Theol.

Professor der Neutestamentlichen Exegese an
der Universität zu Breslau.
Interpretation.

DRAKE (JOHN), B.A., B.D.

Vice-Principal, and Professor of Theology and
Ethics, Serampore College, Bengal.

Kurkus.

DREVES (Fr. GUIDO M.).

FORTESCUE (ADRIAN), Ph.D., D.D. (Innsbruck). Roman Catholic Priest at Letchworth; author of The Orthodox Eastern Church (1907), The Mass: A Study of the Roman Liturgy (1912).

Iconoclasm, Law (Christian, Western;
Christian, Eastern).

FOUCART (GEORGE B.), Docteur ès-Lettres. Professeur d'Histoire des Religions à l'Université d'Aix-Marseille; Professeur à l'Institut Colonial de Marseille (Religions et coutumes des peuples d'Afrique); ancien Inspecteur en chef du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte; auteur de Histoire des Religions et Méthode Comparative (1912).

Inheritance (Egyptian), King (Egyptian). FRANKS (ROBERT SLEIGHTHOLME), M.A., B.Litt. Principal of the Western College, Bristol. Imputation.

FRAZER (Sir JAMES GEORGE), D.C.L., LL.D.,

Litt.D.

Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Pro-
fessor of Social Anthropology, Liverpool;
Fellow of the British Academy; author of
The Golden Bough.

Indonesians (Literature).

FRIEDLAENDER (ISRAEL), Ph.D.

Sabato Morais Professor of Biblical Literature
and Exegesis at the Jewish Theological
Seminary of America in New York.
Khidr.

Professor des Sanskrit und der allgemeinen Religionsgeschichte an der Universität zu Tübingen.

Kapila.

GARDNER (PERCY), Litt.D., LL.D., F.S.A. Professor of Classical Archæology in the University of Oxford; Fellow of the British Academy; Vice-President of the Hellenic Society; author of Grammar of Greek Art (1905), Principles of Greek Art (1913).

Images and Idols (Greek and Roman). GEDEN (ALFRED S.), M.A. (Oxon.), D.D. (Aberd.). Professor of Old Testament Languages and Literature, and of Comparative Religion, in the Wesleyan College, Richmond, Surrey; author of Studies in the Religions of the East, Outlines of Introduction to the Hebrew Bible; translator of Deussen's Philosophy of the Upanishads.

Images and Idols (Buddhist), Inspiration
(Hindu), Josaphat (Barlaam and), Kana-
kamuni.

GERIG (JOHN LAWRENCE), M.A., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Romance Languages
and Celtic in Columbia University, New
York.

Images and Idols (Celtic).

GILBERT (GEORGE HOLLEY), Ph.D., D.D. Formerly Professor of New Testament Literature in Chicago Theological Seminary; author of The Student's Life of Jesus, The Student's Life of Paul, The First Interpreters of Jesus.

Kingdom of God.

GOLDZIHER (IGNAZ), Ph.D., D.Litt., LL.D.

Professor of Semitic Philology in the University of Budapest; Ord. Member and Class-President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Foreign Member of the British Academy, of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, of the Royal Academies of Sciences, Berlin, Amsterdam, Göttingen, Copenhagen, of the Jewish Historical Society of England, of the Société Asiatique, Paris.

Ibn Hazm, Ibn Taimiya.

GOTTHEIL (RICHARD J. H.), Ph.D.

Professor of Semitic Languages in Columbia
University, New York; Chief of the Depart-
ment of Oriental Languages at the New
York Public Library.

Ibn Ezra, Levi ben Gershon. GRAY (LOUIS HERBERT), Ph.D. (Columbia). Sometime Member of the Editorial Staff of the New International Encyclopædia, assistant editor of the present work; author of IndoIranian Phonology (1902); translator of Vasavadatta, a Sanskrit Romance by Subandhu (1913).

Incubation, Informers, Interpretation

(Vedic and Avesta), Iroquois, Jesus Christ in Zoroastrianism, Jews in Zoroastrianism, King (Indian), Law (American), Letters Celestial and Infernal.

GRIERSON(Sir GEORGE ABRAHAM), K.C.I.E., Ph.D. (Halle), D.Litt. (Dublin), I.C.S. (retired). Foreign Associate Member of the Société Asiatique de Paris; Corresponding Member of the Königliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen; Member of Council of the Royal Asiatic Society; Superintendent of the Linguistic Society of India. Kanchuliyas, Kara - Lingis, Kararis, Khakis, Khos.

GRIEVE (ALEXANDER), M.A., D.Phil. (Leipzig).
Minister of the United Free Church in

Glasgow; translator of many of the
German articles in the Encyclopædia of
Religion and Ethics.
Kierkegaard.

GRIFFITH (FRANCIS LLEWELLYN), M.A., F.S.A.,
Hon. Ph.D. (Leipzig).
Reader in Egyptology in the University of
Oxford; editor of the Archæological Survey
of the Egypt Exploration Fund; Corre-
sponding Member of the Royal Academy of
Sciences at Berlin; Foreign Associate of the
Société Asiatique; Member of the Imperial
Academy of Sciences of Vienna.

Law (Egyptian).

GRÜTZMACHER (GEORG), Ph.D., Th. Lic. Extraordinary Professor of Church History in the University of Heidelberg.

Jerome.

GURDON (Lt.-Colonel P. R. T.), Indian Army.
Officiating Commissioner of the Assam Valley
Districts; Hon. Director of Ethnography,
Assam; author of The Khasis.
Khasis.

GUTHRIE (CHARLES JOHN), M.A., LL.D., F.S.A.
Scot., K.C.

The Honourable Lord Guthrie, one of the Senators of the College of Justice in Scotland; Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and of the Zoological Society of Scotland. Juvenile Criminals.

HALDANE (ELIZABETH SANDERSON), LL.D.
Author of The Life of James Ferrier (1899),
Life of Descartes (1905); joint-translator of
Hegel's History of Philosophy (1892), and The
Philosophical Works of Descartes (1911–12).

Leibniz.

HALDANE (JOHN BURDON SANDERSON), B.A.
Scholar of New College, Oxford.
Leibniz (Mathematics).

HALL (H. R.), M.A., F.S.A.

Assistant in the Department of Egyptian and
Assyrian Antiquities in the British
Museum; author of The Ancient History of
the Near East (1912).

Images and Idols (Ægean).

HARADA (TASUKU), D.D., LL.D.

President of the Doshisha University, Kyoto.

Images and Idols (Japanese and Korean). HARRISON (JANE ELLEN), LL.D. (Aberd.), D.Litt. (Durham).

Staff Lecturer and sometime Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge; author of The Religion of Ancient Greece (1905), Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (1907), Themis: A Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion (1912).

Initiation (Greek), Kouretes and Korybantes.

HARTLAND (EDWIN SIDNEY), F.S.A. President of the Folklore Society, 1899; President of the Anthropological Section of the British Association, 1906; President of Section I (Religions of the Lower Culture) at the Oxford International Congress for the History of Religions, 1908; author of The Legend of Perseus, Primitive Paternity, Ritual and Belief.

Law (Primitive).

HERFORD (CHARLES HAROLD), Litt.D. (Camb. and Manchester).

Smith Professor of English in the University of Manchester; author of translations of Ibsen's Brand and Love's Comedy.

Ibsen.

HERFORD (R. TRAVERS), B.A.

Librarian of the Dr. Williams Library,
London; author of Christianity in Talmud
and Midrash, Pharisaism: its Aim and its
Method.

Jesus Christ in Judaism.
HOLMBERG (UNO NILS OSKAR), Dr. Phil.
Helsingfors; author of Die Wassergottheilen
der finnischugrischen Völker (1913).
Lapps.

HOPKINS (EDWARD WASHBURN), Ph.D., LL.D. Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology in Yale University; former President of the American Oriental Society; author of The Religions of India, The Great Epic of India, India Old and New. Hyperboreans.

HORNE (C. SILVESTER), M.A.

Late M.P. for Ipswich and Minister of Whitefield's Church, London; author of A Popular History of the Free Churches.

Institutional Church.

HULL (ELEANOR).

Hon. Sec. of the Irish Texts Society, London; Member of Council of the Folklore Society and Vice-President of the Irish Literary Society; author of The Cuchullin Saga in Irish Literature (1898), Pagan Ireland (1904), Early Christian Ireland (1905), A Text-book of Irish Literature, 2 vols. (1907-08), The Poem-book of the Gael (1912).

Hymns (Irish Christian).

HYAMSON (ALBERT MONTEFIORE), F.R.Hist.S. Corresponding Member of the American Jewish Historical Society; Member of Council of Jewish Historical Society of England; author of A History of the Jews in England.

Jews in Islam.

HYSLOP (JAMES HERVEY), Ph.D., LL.D.

Secretary of the American Society for Psychical Research; formerly Professor of Logic and Ethics in Columbia University. Introspection.

JACKSON (A. V. WILLIAMS), Ph.D., L.H.D.,
LL.D.

Professor of Indo-Iranian Languages in
Columbia University, New York; author
of Zoroaster, the Prophet of Ancient Iran;
Persia, Past and Present.

Images and Idols (Persian).

JACOBI (HERMANN), Ph.D.

Professor des Sanskrit an der Universität zu
Bonn; Geheimer Regierungsrat.
Incarnation (Indian), Jainism.

JOHNS (CLAUDE HERMANN WALTER), M.A.,

Litt.D.

Master of St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, and Canon Residentiary of Norwich; author of Assyrian Deeds and Documents of the 7th Century B.C., Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters, the Schweich Lectures on The Relations between the Laws of Babylonia and the Laws of the Hebrew Peoples.

Inheritance (Babylonian), Law (Baby. lonian).

JOLLY (JULIUS), Ph.D. (Munich), Hon. M.D. (Göttingen), Hon. D.Litt. (Oxford). Ord. Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology in the University of Würzburg; formerly Tagore Professor of Law in the University of Calcutta ; Geheimer Hofrat.

Inheritance (Hindu), Initiation (Hindu), Institutions (Hindu), Law (Hindu). JOYCE (GEORGE HAYWARD), S.J., M.A. (Oxon.). Professor of Dogmatic Theology at St. Beuno's College, St. Asaph, N. Wales.

Invincible Ignorance.

JUYNBOLL (TH. W.), Dr. juris et phil.

·

Adjutor interpretis Legati Warneriani,'
Leyden.

Ibn Hanbal, Law (Muhammadan).

KALWEIT (PAUL), Lic. Theol., D.Phil.
Director des evangelischen Predigerseminars
in Naumburg a Queis, und Pfarrer.
Intellectualism (Philosophical).

KAY (D. MILLER), B.Sc., D.D.

Regius Professor of Hebrew and Oriental
Languages in the University of St. Andrews.
Judaizing.

KRUIJT (ALB. C.).

Dutch Missionary in Celebes; Zendeling.
leeraar van het Nederlandsche Zendeling.
genootschap op Midden-Celebes;
; author
of Het Animisme in den indischen Archipel
(1906); joint-author of De Baree' Sprekende
Toradja's van Midden-Celebes (1912).
Indonesians.

LACEY (THOMAas Alexander), M.A.
Warden of the London Diocesan Penitentiary,
Highgate; Pringle-Stewart Lecturer, 1914.
Intention (Theological).

LEUBA (JAMES HENRY), Ph.D.

Professor of Psychology in Bryn Mawr College,
Pennsylvania; author of A Psychological
Study of Religion: its Origin, Function and

Future.

Intellectualism.

LODS (ADOLPHE), Docteur ès-Lettres. Chargé de Cours à la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Paris.

Images and Idols (Hebrew and Canaanite).

LOEWE (HERBERT MARTIN JAMES), M.A.
Lecturer in Oriental Languages, Exeter
College, Oxford; sometime Curator of
Oriental Literature in the University
Library, Cambridge; Director of Oriental
Studies, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge.
Judaism, Kabbala.

LOFTHOUSE (WILLIAM F.), M.A.

Tutor in Philosophy and Old Testament
Language and Literature, Wesleyan College,
Handsworth, Birmingham; author of Ethics
and Atonement, Ethics and the Family.
Indifferentism.

LOOFS (FRIEDRICH), Lic. Theol., Dr. Phil. u. Theol. Ordentlicher Professor der Kirchengeschichte an der Universität zu Halle; Geheimer Konsistorialrat; Mitglied des Konsistoriums der Provinz Sachsen.

Kenosis.

LORD (JAMES HENRY).

Missionary in Bombay in connexion with the
Society of St. John the Evangelist (Cowley,
Oxford), and the Parochial Missions to the
Jews.

Jews in Cochin (Malabar).
MACCULLOCH (JOHN ARNOTT), Hon. D.D. (St.
Andrews).

Rector of St. Saviour's, Bridge of Allan; Hon.
Canon of the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit,
Cumbrae; Examiner in Comparative Re-
ligion and Philosophy of Religion, Victoria
University, Manchester; Bell Lecturer,
Edinburgh Theological College; author of
Comparative Theology, Religion: its Origin
and Forms, The Childhood of Fiction, The
Religion of the Ancient Celts.

Hymns (Celtic), Incense, Invisibility,
Landmarks and Boundaries.

MACDONELL (ARTHUR ANTHONY), M.A. (Oxon.),
Ph.D. (Leipzig).

Boden Professor of Sanskrit in the University of Oxford; Fellow of Balliol College; Fellow of the British Academy; Fellow of the Royal Danish Academy; Keeper of the Indian Institute, Oxford.

Hymns (Vedic), Indian Buddhism. MCDOUGALL (WILLIAM), M.A., M.B., F.R.S. Fellow of Corpus Christi College, and Reader in Mental Philosophy in the University of Oxford; author of Introduction to Social Psychology (1908), Body and Mind (1911).

Hypnotism.

MCGIFFERT (ARTHUR CUSHMAN), Ph.D., D.D. Washburn Professor of Church History in Union Theological Seminary, New York; author of A History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age, Martin Luther: the Man and His Work.

Immanence.

MACGREGOR (DAVID HUTCHISON), M.A. (Edin. and Camb.).

Professor of Political Economy in the Uni-
versity of Leeds; sometime Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge.
Laissez-Faire.

MCINTYRE (JAMES LEWIS), M.A. (Edin. and
Oxon.), D.Sc. (Edin.).

Anderson Lecturer in Comparative Psychology to the University of Aberdeen; Lecturer in Psychology, Logic, and Ethics to the Aberdeen Provincial Committee for the Training of Teachers; formerly Examiner in Philosophy to the University of Edinburgh; author of Giordano Bruno (1903).

Imagination, Intelligence.

MACKENZIE (DONALD), M. A.

Minister of the United Free Church at Oban; Assistant Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Aberdeen, 1906-1909.

Libertarianism and Necessitarianism.

MACKINTOSH (HUGH ROSS), M.A., D.Phil. (Edin.), D.D. (Edin.).

Professor of Systematic Theology in New College, Edinburgh; author of The Doctrine of the Person of Jesus Christ (1912).

Implicit Faith.
MACLAGAN (P. J.), M.A., D.Phil.

Of the English Presbyterian Mission, Swatow.
Incarnation (Chinese).

MACLEAN (ARthur John), D.D. (Camb.), Hon.
D.D. (Glas.).

Bishop of Moray, Ross, and Caithness; author of Dictionary of Vernacular Syriac; editor of East Syrian Liturgies.

Hymns (Syriac Christian), Intercession (Liturgical), Invocation (Liturgical), Laity, Law (Christian, Anglican).

MACLEAN (JAMES HAIR), M.A., B.D.

Of the United Free Church of Scotland
Mission, Conjeeveram.
Kanchipuram.

MACPHERSON (JOHN), M.D., F.R.C.P.E.
Commissioner in Lunacy for Scotland.
Hysteria, Insanity.

MACRITCHIE (DAVID), F.S.A. (Scot. and Ireland). Member of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland; President of the St. Andrew Society, Edinburgh; author of Ancient and Modern Britons; The Ainos; Fians, Fairies and Picts; Scottish Gypsies under the Stewarts, and other works.

Images and Idols (Lapps and Samoyeds). MARGOLIOUTH (David SamuEL), M.A., D.Litt. Fellow of New College, and Laudian Professor of Arabic in the University of Oxford; author of Mohammed and the Rise of Islam, Mohammedanism; editor of many Arabic works.

Hymns (Ethiopic Christian, Muslim), Ibadis, Kalam, Khawarij. MARGOLIOUTH (GEORGE), M.A. (Cantab.). Member of the Board of Studies in Theology at the University of London; formerly Senior Assistant in the Department of Oriental Printed Books and MSS in the British Museum, and Examiner in Hebrew and Aramaic in the University of London.

Hymns (Hebrew and Jewish, Samaritan and Karaite).

MARR (HAMILTON CLELLAND), M.D., C.M., F.R.F.P.S. (Glas.).

H.M. Commissioner of Control for Scotland; formerly Medical Superintendent of Glasgow District Asylum, Lenzie; MacIntosh Lecturer on Insanity, St. Mungo's College, Glasgow.

Hypochondria, Illegitimacy.