In addition to the regular duties of these State officers, they also serve ex-officio, on State Boards and Commissions as follows:

State Board of School Land Commissioners: Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction and Treasurer.

State Board of Land Commissioners: The Governor, State Superintendent of Public Instruction and Secretary of State.

State Board of Charities and Reforms: Governor, Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor.

Capitol Building Commission: Auditor, Treasurer, Engineer.

State Board of Condemnation of Sale of Useless State Property Secretary, Treasurer and Auditor.

State Board of Equalization: Secretary, Auditor and Treasurer.

The Constitution does not designate all of the officers of the State, but delegates some power to the Legislature in creating such offices as are necessary for the best interests of good government. It, however, provides for a State Examiner, who is appointed by the Governor, and confirmed by the Senate for a term of four years, (Art. IV., Sec. 14.) His salary is two thousand dollars per year, (S. L. 1903, Ch. 99.) His duties are to examine all books and accounts of the several offices of the State and county and to establish a uniform and correct system of keeping the financial accounts of these several institutions. He visits these offices without previous notification at least twice a year and makes detailed accounts of his inspection to the Governor. In case the State Treasurer, or a treasurer of a county or municipal corporation, should be removed, he would take the vacant place until such time as the office was again filled by proper authority. Once a year he makes an inventory of all the chattel property of the State, keeping a record of the description of this property, its location, condition, and cost, (R. S. Sec. 116, 121-123.)

The State Engineer is appointed by the Governor and serves for a term of six years. His salary is two thousand, five hundred dollars. He has the general supervision of the waters of the State, and the offices connected with their distribution. (Art. VIII., Sec. 5.) He makes measurements and calculations of the discharge of the streams and makes surveys to determine the best locations for constructing works for utilizing the water of the State and ascertains the location of the lands best suited for irrigation. All the needs of the State as to irrigation matters are entrusted to the Engineer, (R. S. Sec. 104.)

The Governor appoints two Inspectors of Coal Mines who hold the office for six years, and receive annually two thousand dollars. One has the jurisdiction of Laramie, Albany, Carbon, Sweetwater and Uinta counties, called District No. 1. The remaining counties of the State constitute District No. 2. The duties of these officers are to examine all of the coal mines within their district at least once in three months and to see that all the requirements by law to protect the miners are being fulfilled. (Art. IX., Sec. 1, S. L. 1903, Ch. 23.) Other mines than coal mines are inspected by the Geologist, (S. L. 1903, Ch. 35.)

The State Geologist receives his appointment from the Governor, confirmed by the Senate, as are all the appointments made by the executive, (Art. IX., Sec. 6.) He receives a salary of two thousand, four hundred dollars. His duties are to report on the mining property and to collect official information relating to the various mines and to publish reports upon mining projects in the State in order to advance the mining industry and to advertise the mineral wealth of our State, (S. L. 1901, Ch. 45.) He is also exofficio Inspector of Mines other than coal mines. He makes examination of all matters relating to the safety of the persons working in these metalliferous mines, (S. L. 1903. Ch. 35.)

If vacancies occur in any of the State offices the Governor has the power to appoint some one to fill the place until the next election, or until the next Legislature, (Art. IV., Sec. 7.) This does not apply to members of the Legislature, who have to be elected by a special election, (Art. III., Sec. 4.) No person holding a United States office can occupy any official position of this State to which financial compensation is attached. (Art. VI., Elections, Sec. 7.) The salary of no officer can be increased or diminished during his term of office. (Art. III., Sec. 32.) The salaries of county officers are limited by the Constitution and definitely regulated by Legislative enactments. The amounts received are gauged in accordance with the assessed valuation of the counties. (Art. XIV., Sec. 3.)

The counties are divided into classes as follows:

Assessed valuation of over five million dollars, first class. Assessed valuation of over two million, five hundred thousand dollars and not exceeding five million, second class.

Assessed valuation of more than one million, four hundred thousand dollars and not exceeding two million, third class. Assessed valuation of less than one million, five hundred thousand dollars, fourth class.

QUESTIONS.

1. What is the advantage of having some of the State officers elected by the people and some appointed by the Governor? 2. What State officers are elected? When was the last election held? When is the next election?

3. What is the reason for prohibiting one from holding a State office if he cannot take the required oath of office?

4. Explain the duties of the Secretary of State? The Auditor? The Treasurer? Superintendent of Public Instruction? 5. Give the names of the officers holding these positions. Do any of them come from your county?

6. What authority and power have the State Boards?

7. Is the office of the State Examiner a necessary one? How can he prevent frauds?

8. Why do we have State Mine Inspectors?

9. What are the duties of the State Geologist?

10. How are vacancies in the State offices filled?

REFERENCES.

Fiske, Civil Government, pp. 167-180.

Ashley, The American Federal State, Ch. XX.

Wilson, The State, pp. 612-639.

Hart, Actual Government, Ch. VIII.

Bryce, The American Commonwealth I, Ch. XLIII.

STATE LANDS, WATER, LABOR, CORPORATIONS, MILITIA AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

The subjects of land and water are equally important in the arid regions. Land without water is about as valueless as water without land in Wyoming. They are the hook and eye that bind the State together. Each is practically useless without the other in a country where there are no stated periods of rainfall. The Constitution (Art. XVIII., Sec. 1) accepted the grants of land made by the United States to the State for educational purposes, for public buildings and institutions and other uses and accepted donations of money as provided in the act of admission of the State into the Union approved July 10, 1890. All the lands thus donated are unconditionally set aside for the purpose specified in such act, and the proceeds arising from the use or sale of same are never expended for any other purposes, (R. S., Sec. 795, Act of Adm., Sec. 4-14.) These lands cannot be sold for less than $10.00 per acre. The acceptance of arid lands from the Government was authorized by the Legislature (S. L. 1895, R. S., Sec. 934), on the condition that the State reclaimed these lands and disposed of them to settlers.

The State Board of School Land Commissioners, and the State Board of Land Commissioners have control, direction, disposition and care of all lands granted the State, (Art. XVIII., Sec. 3, Art. VII., Sec. 13.) These grants of land were not from any one locality in the State; they included stated numbers of acres which could be selected from any part of the State for special purposes. The School Land Commissioners have control, direction, leasing, disposal and selection of the school lands. The other land board selects and controls all of the other lands donated to the State, (S. L. 1903, Ch. 78, Secs. 1 and 2, Art. XVIII., Sec. 4.) Wyo