The Civil Government of Michigan

The University is located at Ann Arbor, was established in 1837-41, and is nnder the control of the Board of Regents.

The Normal School is located at Ypsilanti, was established in 1851-52, and is under the control of the State Board of Education.

The Agricultural College is located on a farm of 676 acres, three miles east of Lansing, was established in 1855, and is under the control of the State Board of Agriculture.

The Mining School is located at Houghton, was established in 1885, and its government is vested in a board of control consisting of six members.

The Charitable institutions are:

The State Public School at Coldwater, established in 1874, is designed as a home for neglected and dependent children.

The School for the Deaf and Dumb is located at Flint, was established in 1854.

The School for the Blind is located in Lansing. It was formerly in connection with the School for the Deaf and Dumb, but was separated from it in 1879.

The Soldiers' Home is located at Grand Rapids and was established in 1885. The Home is designed to furnish a home for "all honorably discharged Union soldiers and sailors of the civil war who would be otherwise dependent on charity."

The Asylums for the Insane are located as follows: Michigan Asylum, Kalamazoo, established in 1848 Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, opened in 1878; Northern Michigan Asylum, Traverse City, established in 1881.

Reformatory and penal institutions :

*The Industrial School for Boys is located at Lansing, and was established in 1855. Boys between the ages of 12 and 16, who have been convicted of minor offenses, may be sent to this school and kept there till 18 years of age.

The Industrial Home for Girls is located at Adrian, and was established in 1879. Similar to Industrial School for Boys. The House of Correction is located at Ionia, and was established in 1877.

The Asylum for Insane Criminals, established in 1883, is also located at Ionia.

The State Prison is located at Jackson, and was established in 1839.

The House of Correction and Branch of the State Prison in the Upper Peninsula is located at Marquette, and was established in 1885.

JURY DRAWING.

In Justices' Courts.-An officer, previously sworn, prepares a list of 18 names of persons qualified to sit on jury in the case at issue. From this list each party to the action strikes out six names. This leaves six names, and the justice issues a writ, which is served by an officer, commanding the appearance of these persons at a certain hour.

Juries in Circuit Courts are selected as follows: The supervisors of the wards and townships prepare lists of persons suitable to serve on juries and send these lists to the county clerk. The clerk copies the names on separate pieces of paper, alike in size and appearance, folds them so as to conceal the name, and makes separate packages for each township and ward. At least fourteen days before the holding of circuit court where juries are required, twenty-four names are drawn *Name changed from Reform School" by legislature of 1893.

by the clerk. In the presence of the sheriff and one justice of the peace, or of two justices, the clerk takes a package of names, places it in a box, shakes the box, and draws out one slip. The name on the slip is recorded by one of the officers, then all the slips are removed from the box, and another package put in its place. The drawing proceeds until enough names are drawn. A record is made of the town from which the last name is drawn, and at the next drawing the clerk begins to draw from the package next in numerical order.

ELECTION BOARDS.

The boards of election are: Boards of registration, inspectors of election, county canvassers, district canvassers, and State canvassers.

Boards of Registration.-In cities two aldermen in each ward constitute the board; in villages, two trustees and the village clerk; in townships, the supervisor, clerk, and treasurer. These boards meet at specified times, usually the Saturday preceding an election, and record the names of all persons qualified to vote in the precinct, who present themselves for registration.

The Inspectors of Election.-In cities this board is composed of the supervisor and two aldermen* in each ward; in villages the president, clerk, and one trustee, or three trustees; in townships, the supervisor, justice of the peace whose term of office first expires, and the clerk. They receive the ballots and deposit them in ballot boxes prepared for that purpose. The polls are opened at 7 o'clock in the morning, and are closed at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.t After the polls are

In case of

*The assessor and one alderman in wards having assessors. the absence of one or more of such inspectors at the time for opening the polls the electors present may choose inspectors viva voce. In townships an hour may be taken for dinner.

closed*, the inspectors publicly count the votes and declare the results.t

County Canvassers.-This board consists of one election inspector from each election district. The board meets on the Tuesday following a general election, and on the second Tuesday following the April election. They determine what county officers are elected, according to the returns as reported to them by the several boards of inspectors. The county clerk is clerk of the board.

District Canvassers are chosen similarly to the county canvassers and have similar duties to perform for the district. In districts comprising several counties, the board is composed of the county clerk of each county, together with the sheriff and probate judge of the county wherein the meeting of the board is held.

State Canvassers.-[See CHAP. II., p. 69.]

POLITICAL MACHINERY.

Each political party places the general management of its affairs in the hands of a central committee. The State central committee consists usually of a chairman, secretary and treasurer, with two members from each congressional district. This committee determines the time and place for holding the State convention and apportions the delegates among the counties. Each party has a county committee to determine time and place for holding county conventions and apportion delegates among the townships, Each party has a township committee to determine time and place for holding the caucuses or primaries. The members of the several parties meet at these caucuses and nominate candidates for town

* Proclamation of the time of closing the polls must be made one hour, thirty minutes, and fifteen minutes before the closing of the polls.

+ If the total number of ballots exceeds the total number of registered voters, all the ballots are replaced in the box and enough are drawn out to equal the excess. The counting must be public. The law of 1891 requires that the names of all candidates be printed on one ticket, each political party having a separate column with an adopted vignette or heading at the top. A designated inspector must sign his initials in the upper left-hand corner on the back of each ballot before it is given out. As the voter comes within the railing to vote he receives from the inspector one of these tickets which he must take to the booth and mark with stamp provided for the purpose. A cross below the name of his party alone will vote the straight ticket. If the voter desires to vote for candidates on different tickets, he erases the name of the candidate on his ticket and places a cross opposite the name of the one he desires to vote for. The voter must remain inside the railing at least one minute. No ballots are to be taken outside the railing. See sample ballot, p. 102.

ship or ward offices, or select delegates to attend the county convention. The county convention nominates candidates for county officers or selects delegates to attend the State convention. The State convention nominates candidates for State officers, or selects delegates to attend the National convention.