Middlesex ; for an improvement in cooking apparatus.-Nov. 8. J. W. Hiort, Office of Works, Whitehall; for an improved chimney or flue, for domestic and other purposes.-Nov. 8. C. L. Giroud, of Lyons, in the kingdom of France; for a chemical substitute for gall nuts in all the different branches of the arts or manufactures in which gall nuts have been accustomed or may hereafter be used. -Nov. 8. J. Wilks, of Rochdale, and J. Erroyd of the same place; for an engine for cutting nails, sprigs, and sparables, on an improved system.-Nov. 8. J. J. A. M'Carthy, of Pall Mall place; for new or improved pavement, pitching, or covering, for streets, roads, ways, and places.-Nov. 10.. B. Cook, of Birmingham; for a new method of rendering ships' cables and anchors more secure, and less liable to strain and injury while the vessel is at anchor.-Nov. 10. B. Cook, of Birmingham; for improvements in the binding of books and portfolios of various descriptions. -Nov. 10. J. G. Deyerlein, of Mercer-street, Middlesex; for improvements on weighing machines, which machines he denominates German weigh-bridges. Communicated to him by a foreigner. -Nov. 10. S. Parker, of Argyle-street, Middlesex, and W. F. Hamilton, of Nelson-street, Surrey; for a certain alloy or alloys of metals.-Nov. 12. E. Bowring of Goldsmith-street, London, and R. Stamp, of Buxted; for improvements in the working, weaving, or preparing silk and other fibrous materials, used in making hats, bonnets, shawls, and other materials. -- Nov. 17. J. Guestier, of Fenchurch-buildings, London; for a mode or modes of making paper from certain substances, which are thereby applicable to that, purpose. Communicated to him by a foreigner-Nov. 17. A. Lamb, of Prince's-street, London, and W. Suttill, of Old Brompton; for improvements in machinery for preparing, drawing, roving, and spinning flax, hemp, and waste silk.Nov. 17. G. Borradaile, of Barge-yard, Bucklersbury, for an improved method of making or setting up of hats or hat bodies. Communicated to him by a foreigner.-Nov. 17. A. Count de la Garde, of St. James's-square; for improved machinery for breaking or preparing hemp, flax, and other fibrous materials. Communicated to him by a foreigner.-Nov. 24. J. Eve, residing at Liverpool; for an improved steam-engine.-Nov. 24. H. King, of Norfolk-street, Middlesex, and W. Kingston, of the Dockyard, Portsmouth; for improved fids for top-masts, gallant-masts bow-sprits, and all other masts and spars to which the use of the fid is applied.-Nov. 26. R. J. Tomlinson, of Bristol; for frame-work for bedsteads and other purposes.-Nov. 26. M. Lariviere, of Princes'-square, Kennington: for apparatus or machinery to be applied to the wellknown Stamp's fly-presses, or other presses, for the purpose of perforating metal plates, and for the application of such perforated metal plates to various useful purposes.Nov. 28. W. Pope, of Ball-alley, Lombardstreet, for improvements on wheeled carriages.-Dec. 3. The same, for improvements in ma king, mixing, compounding, improving, or altering the article of soap.Dec. 3. H. Berry, of Abchurch-lane, London; for an improved method, in different shapes or forms, of securing volatile or other fluids, and concrete or other substances, in various descriptions of bottles and vessels.-Dec. 3. E. Edmonds, of Bradford; for improvements on machines for scribbling and carding sheep's wool, cotton, or any fibrous articles requiring such process.-Dec. 3. J. Beever, of Manchester; for an improved gun barrel.-Dec. 3. E. Luscombe, of East Stonehouse; for a method of manufacturing or preparing an oil or oils extracted from certain vegetable substances, and the application thereof to gas light and other purposes. Partly communicated to him by a foreigner residing abroad. - Dec. 6. J. P. Beaven, of Clifford-street; for a cement for building and other purposes. Communicated to him by a foreigner.-Dec. 7. F. Halliday, of Ham, Surrey; for improvements in machinery to be operated upon by steam.-Dec. 9. J. C. Dyer, of Manchester; for improvements in machinery for making wire cards for carding wool, cotton, tow, and other fibrous substances of the like nature; and also improvements on a machine for shaving and preparing leather used in making such cards.-Dec. 9. R. Addams, of Hammersmith; for a method of propelling or moving carriages of various descriptions on turnpike, rail, or other roads.-Dec. 14. M. Ferris, of Longford, Middlesex ; for improvements on presses or machinery for printing cotton and other fabrics.Dec. 14. J. A. Tabor, of Jewin-street Cripplegate; for means for indicating the depth of water in ships and vessels.Dec. 14. Patents granted in Scotland, in 1824. W. Busk, of Broad-street, London; for improvements in the means or method of propelling or moving ships, boats, or other floating bodies.-Aug. 4, 1824. M. Bush, of Westham; for improvements on machinery or appar atus for printing calicoes, and other fabrics-Aug. 13. J. Foot, of Church-street, Spitalfields; silk manufacturer, for an improved umbrella.-Sept. 1. R. Lloyd, of the Strand, and J. Rowbotham, of Great Surrey-street; for hats upon a new construction.Aug. 30. W. H. Horrocks, of Stockport; for a new apparatus for giving tension to the warp in looms.-Aug. 31. J. G. Bodmer, of Manchester; for improvements in the machinery for cleaning, carding, drawing, roving, and spinning of cotton and wool.Sept. 21. J. L. Bradbury, of Manchester; for a new mode of twisting, spinning, or throwing silk, cotton, wool, linen, or other threads or fibrous substances.Sept. 23. J. Parkes, of Manchester: for a method of manufacturing salt.-Sept. 25. J. Heathcoat, of Tiverton; for improvements in the method of preparing and manufacturing silk for weaving and other purposes.-Sept. 29. P. Chel, of Earl's-court, Kensington; for improvements on machinery for drawing, roving, and spinning flax, wool, waste silk, or other fibrous substances.-Oct. 25. S. Broadmeadow, of Abergavenny; for a new and improved method of manufacturing and purifying inflammable gases, by the admission and admixture of atmospheric air.-Oct. 29. J. Tetlow, of Manchester, for improvements in power-looms for weav ing various articles.-Oct. 29. J. Smith, of Old-street, London; for improvements on a machine for washing, cleansing, and whitening, cotton, linen, silk, and woollen garments, or piece goods.-Nov. 6. T. R. Guppy, of Bristol; gentleman, for improvements in masting vessels. -Nov. 6: S. Hall, of Basford; for an improved steam-engine.-Nov. 6. H. Schroder, of Hackney; for a new filter.-Nov. 30. J. Head, of Banbury; for improvements in machinery for making cord or platt for boot and stay-laces.-Dec. 2. ANTIQUITIES AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE. ROMAN Boat. In making the common sewer in London-street, Glasgow, from the part near the Cross down to the Molendinar Burn, there was found lately, at the depth of about ten feet, the remains of a boat lying in a bed of blue clay, which was covered and surrounded by fine sand, like that found on the shores of a navigable river or wide frith. Some of the clinker nails, used as fastenings, and found in the wood, which was fine oak, had become quite black from long immersion under the earth. The caulking appeared to have been wool dipped in tar. Some years ago, when the common sewer was cutting in the Stockwell, a boat of a similar description was found a little above Jacksonstreet; which would indicate that these two places where the boats have been found, were then the line of the shore of the frith, or bed of the river. These boats must have lain for many centuries in the places where they were found. The workmanship would indicate, that they were formed by a people considerably advanced in civilization. It is probable they were constructed by the Romans, about the period of Agricola's expedition into Caledonia, nearly 1740 years ago; at which period there seems little reason to doubt, that the greater part of the ground on which Glasgow now stands, and all the low lands on both banks of the river, to a considerable distance, were covered by the waters of the Frith of Clyde. The Jesuits' College at Stonyhurst. The Jesuits, when they were driven from Liege, and their property confiscated at the French Revolution, sought an asylum in England, and were presented by the father, or grandfather, of Mr. Weld, the present owner of Lulworth-castle, with the house and 100 acres of land, at Stonyhurst. They have since purchased 100 more. They are also tenants of no inconsiderable quantity of land, although the produce of the whole is insufficient for the wants of their establishment. The society consists of superiors, missionaries, and teachers. The first of these are few in number: they are the governors of the establishment, and have the whole direction of its affairs. One of them is called the president. The missionaries are At the present time the Protestants are reduced to less than one-seventh of the whole population of the district. Of course the "College," as it is called, gives employment in one way or other, to a great number of persons and none of them are Protestants. Intermarriages between Catholic and Protestant families have been most numerous in the neighbourhood: and this we know to have been the most prolific source of what they term conversions. The refuse meat of 250 or 300 people, the cast-off clothes of nearly the same number (for they provide the scholars with an uniform dress), must either be given away or sold for very little; and it is the general understanding of the neighbourhood, that nobody must look for any thing in the former way of disposal, without, occasionally at least, appearing at mass. priests who officiate in different chapels in the neighbourhood, where there is no resident priest; and are also ready to succeed or assist those who are at a greater distance. The teachers have each the care of a particular school, and are under the direction of one who is called a superintendant of studies. There are also what are called prefects, who have the superintendence of the scholars at their studies, their sports, and in their walks. The number of scholars are about 200: the greater part of them are Irish, but there are foreigners from every part of the globe. Each scholar pays 50%. per annum. Two hundred (and this number has been sometimes considerably exceeded) produce 10,000l. Their real property may be valued at 40,000l.; including the gift of Mr. Weld, and what they have themselves expended on the purchase of land, and the improvement and enlargement of the building. Their annual revenue may therefore not unfairly be stated at 12,000l. Their gains must have been very considerable to enable them to lay out 30,000l. in about twenty years, and there is no reason to suppose that they are, at present, at all below the general average, yet they are soliciting subscriptions speaks thirty-two living and dead towards building a new chapel languages, not in the manner of the (asking for contributions even of learned jesuit Weittenauer, but their surgeons and physicians), to with a perfection truly surprising. which they themselves magnani- Professor Mezzofanti introduced mously subscribe 3001. In the himself to me by addressing me course of the five and twenty years in Hungarian; he paid me a comthat Stonyhurst has been in pos- pliment so well turned, and in session of its present owners, an such good Magyarul, that I was entire change has been wrought in surprised and astonished to the last the religious character of the degree. He then spoke to me neighbourhood, the majority of in German; first in good Saxon, its inhabitants were not then Ro- and afterwards in the Austrian man Catholics, the preponderance and Swabian dialects, with a purity was on the side of the Protestants. of accent that raised my astonish Professor Mezzofanti of Bologna. The following amusing account of this celebrated linguist is given by the baron de Zach, in one of the early numbers of his Correspondence Astronomique, Geographique, &c. :-" This extraordinary savant is very truly the rival of the celebrated Mithridates, king of Pontus. This professor ment to the height; I could not help laughing at the change which the countenance and language of this extraordinary professor put upon me. He spoke English with captain Smith, and Russian and Polish with prince Wolkonsky, with the same ease and volubility as he did his native dialect, the Bolognese. I could not quit his side afterwards. At a dinner given by the cardinal Legate, Spina, his eminence made him sit by me at table; after having jargonné with him in several languages, all of which he spoke much better than I did, it occurred to me to address him suddenly with a few words in Walachian. Without the least hesitation, or appearing to notice the change, my polyglot immediately answered me in the same language, and went on at such a rate, that I was obliged to call out to him, 'Softly, softly, Mr. Abbe, I cannot follow you, I am quite at the end of my Walachian.' It was more than forty years since I had either spoken, or even thought of this language, with which I was very well acquainted in my youth, when I was serving in a Hungarian regiment, garrisoned in Pennsylvania. Professor Mezzofanti was not only well acquainted with this language, but informed me on this occasion that he knew another, which I had never been able to learn, although I had much better opportunities of doing it than him, having had soldiers in my regiment who spoke it. This was the language of the Zigans, or of that tribe which the French improperly call Bohemiennes (gypsies), and at which designation the brave and true Bohemians (the inhabitants of the kingdom of Bohemia) feel very indignant. But how could an Italian Abate, who had never been out of his native place, learn a language which is neither written nor printed? A Hungarian regiment, during the wars of Italy, had been quartered at Bologna; the professor discovered a Zigan in it, put himself under his tuition, and with the facility and happy memory he derives from nature, soon acquired this language, which is believed to be only a dialect (apparently altered and corrupted) of some tribes of the Parias of Hindostan." Sierra Leone.-Accounts have been printed, by order of the House of Commons, relating to the duties, exports imports, population, schools, churches, and marriages of the colony of Sierra Leone. No duties were levied or received in this colony, according to these accounts, prior to the month of August, 1811, and for the latter half of that year the amount collected did not exceed 1017. 5s. 1d. In the following year, however, they amounted to 2,175l. 19s. 4d., but in the years 1813, 1814, and 1815, they do not appear to have exceeded an average of 1,500l. In 1816 they amounted to 2,447. 16s. 6d., and in the ensuing years, until 1821, they arose to 3, 4, 5, and 6,000l. In the year 1823 they are returned at 8,730l. 8s. from the collector's books. The exports, which are from the years 1817 to 1823 inclusive, are given in bulk, but not in value, and consist of the produce of Africa in its various states of preparation. Hides, mats, tiger-skins, gold dust, monkey-skins, stuffed birds, honey, nuts, oils, and wax, wood of various kinds, indigo, coffee, rice, lime-juice, and African curiosities; these principally compose the list of exports, and denote a state of |