marking the manners and customs of ancient times, which no doubt would prove of interest, like those from Wilby.

The place is most retired, but well adapted to a man like Percy, who fully appreciated the saying "Vita sine literis mors est." Again, though Bishop Morton does not repose in his own magnificent cathedral of Durham, but in the little village church, his simple and unostentatious character can never be forgotten, nor his patient endurance of difficulties in troublous times. In this sense the place of his interment is not illchosen, for it accords with the disposition of that venerable pastor of the church. I said with the Chorus in Sophocles:

. . ἔνθα βροτοῖς τὸν ἀείμνηστον τάφον εὐρώεντα καθέξει.

Ajax, 1167-8. OXONIENSIS.

MRS. DUGALD STEWART'S VERSES.

(3rd S. v. 147.)

We hope that the foregoing explanations as to some of the individuals mentioned in that lady's verses will be satisfactory to your correspondent. 1. Gascoigne was undoubtedly Anne, the eldest daughter of Sir Charles Gascoigne, Knight, who became the second wife of Thomas, seventh Earl of Haddington, March 6th, 1786. She was reputed to be exceedingly wealthy, but erroneously it is believed, as after her husband's death, May 19, 1794, various alledged debts of her father were brought against her, which gave rise to judicial proceedings, affording pretty pickings both here and in England, where law is especially an expensive luxury which few persons of moderate means can afford to enjoy.

2. Pulteney was the enormously rich lady who was created Countess of Bath. Her grandfather was the cousin of the celebrated earl of that name, who died on July 7, 1764, and whose vast fortune devolved on his relative, who had a daughter and heiress, Frances, the wife of William Johnstone, Esq., the heir male, it is generally supposed, to the Marquisate of Annandale. There was only one child of the marriage, Henrietta Laura, who married Sir James Murray, Baronet, who took the name of Pulteney. His lady was created Baroness Pulteney July 23, 1792, and Countess of Bath, October 26th, 1803. She died without issue in July, 1808, when both titles became extinct. There was a report that this lady, whose wealth was boundless, was a victim of that most unaccountable disease, Morbus pediculosus.

3. Torphichen was the ninth Lord of that title. He married, April 6, 1795, Anne, only surviving child of Sir John Inglis of Cramond. By this lady, who survived him, he had no family, and the peerage went to a cousin, the father of the

present lord. The Sandilands are heirs of line of the noble race of Douglas. This is a fact that can be established by positive evidence; but really we wish to be enlightened as to the assertion that "This family, driven from England by the Conqueror, settled in Scotland in the reign of Malcolm III." Why were the Sandilands expelled, and what ancient authentic record says they were? The founder of the family was a man of high position; he was the last Preceptor of Torphichen, and when the Hospitallers, succeeded to the lands and privileges of the Templars, he obtained a territorial grant of their joint possessions from Queen Mary by a charter, in virtue of which, without any specific creation, he sat in Parliament as Lord Torphichen. Having no issue, his nephew, the ancestor of the present Baron, became his successor.

4. Maxwell was probably Sir William of Monreith, in the county of Wigton. One of his aunts was the celebrated Duchess of Gordon, and another, called Eglantine, became the spouse of Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie, and created considerable sensation in the fashionable world by her behaviour. She and her husband figured in the Court of Session and House of Lords, in suits reflecting disgrace on them both. Wallace was the authoress of three plays, one of which was performed both in London and Edinburgh, without much success. Sir William died J. M. in February, 1812.

EIKON BASILIKE.

(3rd S. iii. 128, 179, 220, 254.)

Lady

I have read the above notes, and many others in "N. & Q.," and am of opinion that a large portion of your pages might be occupied with an interminable discussion, as to various readings and emblematical differences, without bringing us nearer any decision as to the author of the book, or which was the first edition. My only excuse, therefore, for making one or two verbal remarks, is, that I shall afterward conclude with a practical suggestion.

I do not find the word "feral" had been altered into "fatal," in many of the multitudinous editions that have come under my notice down to the edition of 1685, in which it was still used. Nor can I understand that the occurrence of "feral" and "cyclopick" tend to show that Dr. Gauden was the author. We have to search in the year 1648 for the first edition; and the edition possessed by MR. SHORTHOUSE, “reprinted in R. M.," is, as far as I know, the earliest in that year professing itself to be a reprint. In fact, it has been generally considered the 7th edition. Assuming this, the chief value of verbal research would lie in any accordance or divergence of its

text from the other editions of the same year. For instance, in some such editions the word in question is spelt (as in this avowed reprint) feral;" but there are several in which it is spelt "ferall." If six editions were so spelt, and all the others with one 7, it might be presumed that the first edition would be found among the six; but considering the unsettled state of orthography at that time, I should not accept even that as proof, without the production of other similar distinction concurring in the same editions.

One more remark as to the word "feral," which I have already stated continued to be used in the 1685 edition. E. B. A. believes the word is used in all the editions, "at least in all published before Milton, in Iconoclastes, in 1649, ridiculed the use of the word." The first edition of Iconoclastes was printed in 1649; and the second edition, "with many enlargements" by the author, in 1650. In 1770, the Rev. Richard Baron carefully edited the work; and it was reprinted verbatim from the second edition, distinguishing all Milton's enlargements and alterations of the first edition by printing them in italics. At pp. 186-7 occurs, as a quotation, the sentence which in Eikon Basilike contains the word "ferall"; but so far from having "ridiculed the use of the word," I find that Milton himself has substituted the word "fatal," and there are no italics to indicate that it was altered from the first edition.

P. HUTCHINSON has evidently an early edition of Eikon Basilike, in which the title exactly corresponds with the earliest in my possession. Both have the word "ferall," but the pagination of the two quite different. He mentions a misprint, in his edition, of the word "even" instead of "men." It is singular that, though the word is "men" in mine, the m has dropped; so that its top is level with the cross-line in e.

As to the "Embleme," or frontispiece, I should be glad if E. B. A. would favour the readers of "N. & Q." more at large with his reasons for thinking that an inquiry in that direction might throw light on the subject of the first edition; and also, state the "evidence that the first edition

contained the Embleme."

Dr. Wagstaffe wrote, in 1693, A Vindication of King Charles the Martyr, &c., &c.; and at the end gives "an Account of the several Impressions or Editions of King Charles the Martyr's most Excellent Book, intituled Eikon Basilike." In 1711 appeared a third edition of the Vindication in quarto, much enlarged, and the list of editions of the Eikon greatly extended. He gives the number, size, date, number of last page, and number of leaves occupied by "Contents," and obvious distinguishing characteristics of fifty-seven different editions. Considering the comparative facilities possessed by one who lived nearly two hundred years since, and the manifest labour of

his investigations, I think his last list might be taken as the basis of any further effort to assign their proper places to the early editions of the book.

I would gladly forward to the editor, or any reader and contributor who would undertake it, all the assistance in my power; adopting the specific points of difference in Dr. Wagstaffe's list, in order that the results might be concisely codified; and, if sufficiently important, inserted as an amended list in the pages of "N. & Q." If the task be thought desirable, and one more competent should not volunteer to perform it, I would undertake the labour myself, if the contributors would, without delay, forward their communications through the Editor. W. LEE.

JUSTICE (3rd S. v. 436.)-Blackstone (i. 351) shows how the conservation of the peace was taken from the people, and given to the king; and it was not till the statute 34 Edward III. c. 1, gave the conservators, wardens, or keepers of the peace the power of trying felonies, that they acquired the more honourable appellation of justices. Many acts of parliament speak of one or more justices of the peace; the last I have referred to, 26 & 27 Vict. c. 77, passed July 28, 1863, shows that the designation is still in full legal force, although the term magistrate is more popularly used. But the Justice of the Peace is only one description of magistrate (Blackstone, i. 349), that title applying to the king, the chancellor, the other judges, as well as to sheriffs, mayors, aldermen, coroners, &c. The Police Magistrate is a new officer, whose appellation implies that he has been appointed since the conversion of the constabulary into police, within the last thirtyfive years. T. J. BUCKTON.

PARADIN'S "DEVISES HEROIQUES" (3rd S. v. 339, 447.)-Niceron, in his Mémoires pour servir à Histoire des Hommes Illustres dans la Républi que des Lettres, states that the first edition of the Devises Heroiques was published at Lyons in 1557. Brunet, in his Manuel du Libraire, gives the same place and date, and so does the Biographie Universelle. With respect to the date, and what was the first edition, Dibdin and the French authorities just mentioned must be left to settle the question the best way they can among themselves. But as to the place, I am certainly in error, having, by a lapsus penna, written Paris instead of Lyons.

W. PINKERTON.

HEBREW MSS. (3rd S. v. 399.)—The statement of Dr. W. Wall that in A.D. 125 there were several MS. copies of the Hebrew Bible with various readings, which the Rabbis at Tiberias destroyed, is conjectural. The rule has always been to destroy erroneous copies of the law. Nevertheless,

the copies in use now in the Jewish synagogues contain admitted and recognised errors. The original MS. of the present copies appears to have had errata; and some errors possibly existed even in the first autographs, and would certainly arise in subsequent apographs, notwithstanding every care. The Rabbis say "Be admonished in thy work, since it is a heavenly one, lest thou shouldst take away or add a letter, and devastate the whole world."

The present Jewish MSS. and printed Hebrew Bibles, therefore, contain the text with acknowledged errata, such erratu, formerly noted in a book called the Masorah, have been added partially, in recent times, in the margin or foot of each page. When we now publish a misprinted work, errata are appended; but, on a second edition being required, the errors in the text are corrected, and the errata are eliminated. Not so with the Hebrew Bible and MSS.; the text is still written and printed with the same errors, and the same list of errata; the intention being to show what the actual state of the text was at its first recension. Although the Masorah, or list of errata, may have been extended in more recent times, a Masorah did exist prior to the Talmud, or between the third and sixth century after Christ; for it is not likely, as the Jews believe, that our present Masorah contains anything so remote as Ezra (B.c. 515). Besides errata, the Masora contains other matter, such as the enumeration of letters, &c., all however bearing on one object-the preservation of the existing text.

The first Jewish collation we read of was that of the schools of Tiberias and Babylon in the eighth century, when the Five Books of Moses were found to agree, but in other parts of the Bible the differences (various readings) were 218 or 220 in number.

The works to be consulted are Buxtorff's Tiberias, Van der Hooght's Preface, Kennicott's Dis. Gen., Eichhorn's Einl. A. T. s. 131, 140-158; and the authorities quoted by Eichhorn.

T. J. BUCKTON.

BEZOAR STONES (3rd S. v. 398.)-Some notice of this once valued substance, its origin and supposed occult properties, will be found in most old treatises, De Secretis, &c., and in the various histories of precious and other stones by Boece de Boot, Leonardus, Baccius, and others. These, however, are too numerous for citation, and would moreover hardly repay for the trouble of reference. The following is more specially devoted to the subject:

"Experiments and Observations upon Oriental and other Bezoar Stones, which prove them to be of no use in Physick, &c., by Frederick Slare. London, 8vo, 1715."

The celebrated botanist, Caspar Bauhin, has also left a monograph on the subject, De Lapide Bezoar, Bâle, 8vo, 1613, 2nd ed. 1625. Reference

may also be made to the curious and rare work by Monaides :

"Joyfull Newes out of the New-found Worlde, wherein are declared the rare and singular virtues of divers Herbes, Trees, Plantes, Oyles, whereunto are added three other Books treating of the Bezoar Stone, the Herbe Escuerconera, the Properties of Iron and Steele in Medicine, and the benefit of Snow. Englished by Jhon Frampton, Merchant, 4to, 1577."

Bezoar stone, as a curative agent, was held in some estimation till the end of the seventeenth

century. Dr. Guybert in France had done much to destroy belief in its efficacy, in his treatise Les lowed by others, Pauli, Dimmerbrook, &c., and in Tromperies du Bezoar découvertes. He was folEngland, R. Pitt devotes three or four pages to the subject, with some valuable references in his

"Craft and Frauds of Physick Expos'd. The very low Prices of the best Medicines discovered; the costly Medicines, now in greatest Esteem, such as Bezoar, Pearl, &c., Censur'd, &c., 12mo, London, 1703."

There is also a chapter "De Lepore cornuto, et Bezoar occidentali" in the Epistola Medicinales of Thomas Bartholinus (12mo, Hafniæ, 1663), see epist. lxxix. cent. ii. p. 650.

Birmingham.

WILLIAM BATES.

PASSAGE IN ARISTOPHANES (3rd S. iv. 148.) — The passage is not in Aristophanes: it is a fragment of The Aphrodisian of Antiphanes, preserved by Athenæus.

Α. Πότερ ̓ ὅταν μέλλω λέγειν σοι τὴν χύτραν, χύτραν λέγω,

Η τροχοῦ ῥύμαισι τευκτὸν κοιλοσώματον κύτος,
Πλαστὸν ἐκ γαίας, ἐν ἄλλῃ μετρὸν ὀπτηθὲν στέγη,
Νεογενοῦς ποιμνῆς δ ̓ ἐν αὐτῇ πνικτὰ γαλατοθρέμμονα
Τακεροχρῶτ', εἴδη κύουσαν ; Β. Ηράκλεις, αποκτενείς
̓́Αρτι μ', εἰ μὴ γνωρίμως μοι πάνυ φράσεις κρεῶν
χύτραν.

Α. Εὖ λέγεις . Ξουθῆς μελίσσης νάμασιν δὲ συμμιγή
Μηκάδων αἰγῶν ἀπόῤῥουν θρόμβον, ἐγκαθήμενον
Εἰς πλατὺ στέγαστρον, ἀγνῆς παρθένον Ληοῦς κόρην,
Λεπτοσυνθέτοις τροφῶσαν μυρίοις καλύμμασιν,

Η σαφῶς πλακοῦντα φράζω σοι; Β. Πλακοῦντα βού
λομαι.

Α. Βρομιάδος δ ̓ ἱδρῶτα πήγης; Β. Οἶνον εἰπὲ συντεμών. Α. Λιβάδα νυμφαίαν δροσώδη ; Β. Παραλιπών ὕδωρ φάθι. Α. Κασιόπνουν δ' αὔραν δι' αἴθρας; Β. Σμύρναν εἰπὲ μὴ μακρὰν,

Μηδὲ τοιοῦτ ̓ ἄλλο μηδὲν, μηδὲν, ἐμπάλιν λέγω,

Οτι “ δοκεῖ τοῦτ' ἔργον εἶναι μείζον” ὡς φρασίν τινες, “ Αὑτὸ μὲν μηδὲν, παρ' αὑτὸ δ ̓ ἄλλα συστρέφει πυκνά.”

Deipnosophistarum, 1. x. c. 70. Meineke, Poetarum co

micorum Græcorum Fragmenta, p. 357. Paris, 1855. The Jewish Spy is the absurd title given to the English translation of the Lettres Juives, by the Marquis d'Argens. I have not seen the edition of 1778, cited by C. E. W. The only one I can find in the British Musem is Dublin, 1753, 4 vols.

12mo, and has no translator's notes. Lowndes does not mention any edition. I have no doubt that the note is to Lettre 174, tom. vi. p. 277. La Haye, 1777. H. B. C. U. U. Club.

PLAGIARISMS (3rd S. v. 432, 433.)- MR. REDMOND is inaccurate in his quotation from Sir Walter Scott's ballad of "Lochinvar." The words, which I take from a copy of Marmion now before

me, are

"She looked down to blush, and she looked up to sigh, With a smile on her lips, and a tear in her eye."

There is here no such word as reproof; and while Mr. Lover writes "a smile in her eye," Sir Walter puts a tear in that organ, and places the smile on her lips, while Mr. Lover puts reproof there. Neither is there the least resemblance between Mr. Lover's first two lines, and the first line of Sir Walter, as I have quoted it. Surely it is too much to hint at plagiarism from what can hardly be called even coincidence of expression. G. Edinburgh.

SURNAMES (3rd S. v. 443.)-S. REDMOND seems to confound the two meanings of the word " surname:" the hereditary name descending from father to son, to which we give the name name;" and the simple second name, applied in cases of likely confusion between two.

sur

Now in the case mentioned by S. REDMOND of the name Iscariot given to Judas the traitor, this appears to me in no way whatever to prove "that the Jews had double names at least;" Iscariot being, as is well known, a mere to-name, as the Scotch call it, given to distinguish him from the other Judas, whom we call St. Jude. The other instances of double names in the gospels may all be shown to belong to those whose identity might probably, or at least possibly, have been mistaken. We have James Boanerges, when there were two named James among the disciples; we have Simon Peter, and Simon the Canaanite, in a similar case; and, at a later time, we have Joses Barnabas, and Joses the Lord's brother.

CHARLES F. S. WARREN.

SIR EDWARD MAY (3rd S. v. 35, 65, &c.)-Sir Thomas May, of Mayfield, Sussex, Knt., had a second son Edward, who died in Dublin, March 8, 1640. Fourth in descent from him was Sir James of Mayfield, co. Waterford, created a baronet in 1763. He left surviving issue (with two daughters) three sons: 1. Sir James-Edward; 2. Sir Humphrey; 3. Sir George Stephen. All of whom successively inherited the title, which became extinct on the death of Sir George, on January 2, 1834. Besides the Marchioness of Donegal, Sir James-Edward (commonly called Sir Edward) May had several other children—all supposed to be

A crest, head gu.,

19

illegitimate. The May arms are, "Gu. a fess between eight billets or." H. LOFTUS TOTTENHAM. "out of a ducal coronet or, a lion's was granted in 1573 to the Mays of Rawmere, Sussex, with the arms mentioned at p. 65. The Mays of London and of Pashley, Sussex, bore for a crest, with the same arms, "out of ducal coronet or, a leopard's head gu. bezantée." I cannot identify the crest used by Sir Edward May, nor can I give his motto. I am disposed to think that one of the Mays above mentioned was the settler in Ireland rather than that one of the Irish family settled in London. There was a distinct Irish family of the name bearing different arms. From your recent intimation as to family queries (p. 430), I am induced to say that I will reply to any direct inquiry CARILFORD may wish to make if I can be of further use.

Guildhall, Worcester.

R. Woof.

MOUNT ATHOS (3rd S. v. 437.)-SIGMA-THETA will find, in the Nouvelle Biographie Générale, tome xxxv, col. 600, an account of Minoïde Minas, or Mynas, in which it is stated that

"M. Minoïde Minas trouva dans les monastères du mont Athos quelques manuscrits, parmi lesquels deux sont importants: l'un contient une Refutation de toutes les Hérésies et paraît être l'oeuvre de saint Hippolyte; l'autre renferme des fables en vers choriambiques par Babrius, dont le manuscrit original fut vendu par lui subrepticement au British-Museum, tandisqu'il avait affirmé à M. A. Firmin Didot et à M. Villemain qu'il ne possédait que la copie qu'il en avait faite au mont Athos, où ce manuscrit était resté."

The following authorities are given at the end of the article:

"Rapport adressé a M. le Ministre de l'Instruction pub

lique par M. Minoïde Mynas, Paris, 1846, in 80.-Revu de Bibliographie de MM. Miller et Aubenas, t. v. p. 80."

Dublin.

Αλιεύς.

QUADALQUIVIR (3rd S. v. 435.) - Your correspondent O. T. D. may not be aware, that another derivation of the river Quadalquivir is given by Mr. Ford; and I think the etymology is the more correct, and more probable one. These are his words:

1-Kebir,' or Wada-1-Adhem' of the Moors, and traverses "The Quadalquivir, the Great River,' is the WádaAndalucia from E. to W. The Zincali, or Spanish gipsies, also call it Len Baro, the Great River.'"-Handbook for Spain, Part I. p. 155, edit. London, 1855.

Another writer-the anonymous author of an interesting work entitled A Summer in Andalucia (vol. i., London, 1839, p. 149), gives the same derivation of Quadalquivir. He quotes the Arabic name, "Wad-ul-Kibeer," meaning "the Great River," and remarks "that, though the Arabic word Wad strictly signifies valley, it was often

used by the Spanish Moors in the sense of river." If this etymology be correct, then the river Guadalete will mean "the river Lethe," the original name Anon having been preserved by the Moors. Mr. Ford, however, informs us, that the ancient name of the Guadalete was Chrysos, "the golden;" but the Moors changed it into Wad-al-leded, "the river of delight"-"el rio de deleite." (Part 1. ut suprà, p. 159). J. DALTON. Norwich.

I presume there can be little, if any doubt, that Guadalquivir is simply a corruption of Wady-elKebir, "the great water-course," by which the Arabic-speaking Moors naturally designated the majestic river which they found flowing past Seville on their conquest of southern Spain. This etymology is confirmed by the mode of spelling, as well as by the accent, which is on the last syllable. The word is pronounced as if written Gwadalkevéer.

On the same principle, the modern Arabs call the Jordan Sheri'at-el-Kebir, "the great watering-place." In both cases, the epithet el-Kebir is intended to express the striking contrast in the eye of a dweller in the desert, between a large and perennial river and the less important streams, generally mere winter-torrents, with which they are more familiar. E. W.

BATTLES IN ENGLAND (3rd S. v. 398.)- The affray at Radcot Bridge. Your correspondent will, I think, find that Thos. Walsingham, in his Historia Anglicana, gives a tolerably graphic account of Richard's favourite, the "Dux Hiberniæ," gathering a force together in Cheshire and Wales, and his defeat and flight at Radcot. Lingard has given us a fair account of it, and fuller than most historians. He refers to Rot. Parl. 236, and Ruyght, 2701-2073.

Walsingham says, when speaking of the position of the place

"Repressis Dominis a conflictu, qui fuit juxta Barford, prope Babbelake, ubi militibus qui convenerunt cum Duce Hiberniæ."-Hist. Ang., Thomæ Wals., ed. H. T. Riley, M.A. London: Longman, 1864.

Turner spells the word "Redecot;" on what authority I know not.

JOHN BOWEN ROWLANDS.

The Union Club, Oxford. SACK (3rd S. v. 328.)-Your correspondent, JUXTA TURRIM, is a little hasty in his conclusions on behalf of his seductive favourite, canarie sack.

Let me refer him to an older authority than even his old friend the wine merchant the very authority to which he refers his readers, and which he appears to have only cursorily consulted, viz. The Life of Marmaduke Rawdon. From the introduction to that work, he will find that the original sack was sherry. Mr. Davies, the editor, quotes from Gervase Markham's English Housewife, as follows: "Your best sack is of Xeres in Spain; your smaller of Gallicia and Portugal. Your strong sacks are of the Isles of the Canaries and Malligo."

This agrees with all the articles in cyclopædias on this subject which I have consulted. As an appellation of sherry wine, however, it has They all describe the original sack as from Xeres. been long dropped; the fact that canarie was the stronger liquor was doubtless the reason why it eventually monopolised the name of sack, as it clearly seems to have done in modern times. I quite concur with your correspondent respecting its derivation from saccus; saccharum has been sugIN VINO VERITAS. gested by some.

THE ENGLISH CHURCH IN ROME (3rd S. v. 431.) The letter by MR. VINCENT is very clear in its statements, and will no doubt remove misapprehensions. But it is worth while to make a note as to its heading, which might lead to mistakes. That heading, which I place at the beginning of my note, is incorrect. Except to the small number of persons interested in the building, the designation would point to a very different place, unless amplified by the word "Protestant." designation is "The English Protestant church or chapel in Rome."

The real

For many ages an English church has existed in Rome. Murray, in his Hand-Book (ed. 1843), says:

"S. Tommaso degli Inglesi in the Trastevere This church cannot fail to interest the English traveller. It was founded in 775 by Offa, King of the East Saxons (it should be the Mercians), and dedicated to the Holy Trinity. A hospital was afterwards built by a wealthy Englishman for English pilgrims. The church was dewulph.) Thomas à Becket, during his visit to Rome, stroyed by fire in 817, and rebuilt by Egbert (Ethellodged in the hospital; and on his canonisation by Alex

ander III.

the church was dedicated to him as St. Thomas of Canterbury."

The English Hospitium has long ceased to exist in the Trastevere; and so far the account in the Hand-Book is inexact. But it has existed as the

English college, on the other side of the Tiber, for about 300 years. The church was destroyed during the French republican occupation. The small church within the college, mentioned in Murray's Hand-Book, preserves the dedication of St. Thomas of Canterbury, or, as it is known in Italy, S. Tommaso degli Inglesi. At the present moment great exertions are being made to obtain funds to rebuild the destroyed church. It stood