labour, and concludes with illustrations of the way in which the labour of the farm is distributed through the months.

In an appendix Mr. Marshall's experience on boarding farm labourers, and Mr. Morton's experience of the way in which labourers' wages are usually expended, are added.

An Encyclopædia of Domestic Economy. By THOMAS WEBSTER, F.G.S., &c., assisted by the late Mrs. PARKES, Author of "Domestic Duties." New and cheaper Edition; pp. 1,284, with 921 Engravings on Wood. 8vo. price 31s. 6d. cloth. [Feb. 11, 1861. THE object of this work, first published in the year

1844, was to comprise in a single volume, written in plain language easily understood by persons who have not received a scientific or professional education, a practical and useful account of all the various subjects which are most immediately connected with housekeeping: such as the construction of domestic edifices, with the means of warming and lighting them; a description of the various articles of furniture, with the nature of their materials; the duties of servants; a general account of the animal and vegetable substances used as food, and the methods of preserving and preparing them by cooking; the making and baking of bread; the chemical nature and the preparation of all kinds of fermented liquors used for drink; the materials employed in dress and the toilette; the business of the laundry; descriptions of the various wheel carriages; rules for the preservation of health and its restoration; domestic medicine, &c. &c. Two editions having been exhausted, the work is now republished in its original shape, with no abridgment of the text or retrenchment of the illustrations, at a little over one-half its original price.

these objections, are, to many persons, not satisfactory; for, though the words of the Liturgy only are employed, an attempt is made to weave into a continuous whole detached sentences which do not blend well. Instead of numerous acts of Prayer and Thanksgiving, each solemnly terminating with a petition for the Mediation of the Redeemer, and thus linked with what follows by the essential article of the Christian Faith, there are constantly occurring abrupt transitions of thought which startle the mind out of an even flow of devotional feeling, exciting sometimes surprise, and not unfrequently disappointment.

None of these objections can be advanced against the present Manual. All the Prayers are selected from the Book of Common Prayer, and are printed in an unmutilated form. The Services vary for each morning and evening in the week, and are severally prefaced by a sufficient number of extracts from the Holy Scriptures to allow a different passage to be read every morning and evening for a month; a selection being made of such passages as it is most desirable that all persons should commit to memory. This is the only new feature in the compiler's plan.

The Master of a House will find no difficulty in introducing the Service, if he simply state, on the first occasion of his using it, that he wishes all the members of his household to repeat aloud the Confession, the Lord's Prayer, and the responses in the Litany, and that he intends, before they kneel down, to read a passage of Scripture.

Universal Restoration; a Poem, in Ten Epochs, divided into Twenty-six Books. By GEORGE CALVERT. 2 vols. post 8vo. pp. 716, price 12s. 6d, cloth. [Feb. 14, 1861.

HIS Poem, which is composed in blank verse, THIS is divided into ten epochs, representing the divisions of Scripture history, the past, present, and the future, with the exception of the first epoch, which is an imaginary world peopled by a second race of men unfallen. Before this second race of men, the fall of angels, our history, and the final restoration of all things, passes in visions -which being completed, they are raised into a higher and more spiritual state, as it is believed men will be raised at the resurrection. The aim of the work is to clear the wisdom of God from all confusion-to show that an eternity of evil is an impossibility, and that the redemption of all men, as the title implies, is absolutely certain and not dependent on the will of man, or the faith of man, redemption being the free gift of God only: and, farther, that God only permits evil to prove His own divine nature, infinite power, infinite love, and infinite sustaining care, the truth of

which all created intelligences must comprehend ere they can fully rest in God, and grow in mind and happiness to all eternity.

The contents are as follows:-First Epoch-A second race of men nfallen. Second-The first angelic world. Third-Paradise. Fourth - The antediluvian age. Fifth-From the Flood to the Christian Era. Sixth-From the Christian Era to the Millennium. Seventh-The Millennium. Eighth-Age after the Millennium. Ninth-The second judgment. Tenth-The final restoration.

Oxford Middle-Class Examinations, 1861. Shakspeare's Julius Caesar with Copious Interpretation of the Text; Critical and Grammatical Notes; and numerous Extracts from the History on which the Play is founded. Adapted for Scholastic or Private Study; and especially for the guidance of Persons qualifying for the Middle-Class Examinations. By the Rev. J. HUNTER, M.A., formerly Vice-Principal of the National Society's Training College, Battersea. 12mo. pp. 164, price 2s. 6d. cloth.

THE

[Feb. 28, 1861. HE Editor's School Edition of SHAKSPEARE'S Henry the Eighth was found to have successfully anticipated and provided for the requirements of the Oxford examination on that subject in 1860; the present edition, therefore, of Julius Casur has been prepared, on a similar plan, for the special purpose of assisting those persons who are now qualifying for the Senior Middle-Class Examination of 1861. The Editor has with great pains sought to realise that purpose accurately and fully. In the notes, which include explanations of many grammatical difficulties and peculiarities, he has endeavoured to give careful and correct guidance, wherever any obscurity in the language of the play presents itself, or any failure of discernment on the part of the student may be supposed likely to occur. And he hopes that not a few of his numerous interpretations of the text will be regarded as developing the true sense of passages hitherto erroneously or imperfectly understood.

From the biographies of J. Cæsar and M. Brutus, as given in Sir Thomas North's translation of Plutarch's Lives, Shakspeare borrowed not only the incidents, but also a great portion of the language, of the present drama. An ample selection, therefore, of illustrative passages from North's Plutarch is here presented; and the Editor strongly recommends an attentive perusal of these, in order that the play may be read with proper intelligence and interest.

The Oxford Local Examinations for 1861.

sea.

The FIRST BOOK of MILTON'S PARADISE LOST; With a Prose Translation or Paraphrase, the Parsing of the more Difficult Words, Specimens of Analysis, and numerous Illustrative Notes. By the Rev. JOHN HUNTER, M.A., formerly Vice-Principal of the National Society's Training College, Batter12mo. pp. 88, price 18. 6d. cloth. [Jan. 20, 1861. THE recent announcement by the University of Oxford, that the FIRST BOOK of Paradise Lost will form a subject on which Junior Candidates for the Middle Class Examination of 1861 must be prepared, has suggested the present attempt to provide, not only the help that may be deemed specially serviceable to such candidates, but also that which seems adapted to be of general use in schools. For no one can be said to have received a good English education, whose mind is not familiarised with at least a considerable portion of Milton's sublime epic; and yet there are few instances, it is believed, of young persons having such familiarity with the poem as implies any thing like due appreciation of its meaning, force, and beauty. The Paradise Lost is a profound work; it abounds in unexplicit, idealising thought; it is copiously characterised by forms of speech imitating the transpositive, elliptical, and idiomatic style of the languages of ancient Greece and Rome; and it is affluent in allusions to ancient history, fable, and romance. If, therefore, an attentive reading of this poem, with an occasional approach to the critical examination employed in classical study, may be considered a useful means of disciplining the intellect and cultivating literary taste, the expediency of an annotated edition, with a paraphrase of the text, cannot reasonably be doubted. It is hoped that the present specimen will be found serviceable not only to promote a thorough understanding of the First Book, but also, by a removal of many general difficulties, to bring the youthful mind more nearly in contact with Milton's great genius, and render it more capable of appreciating the merits of other parts of his poem.

Melusina: a New Arabian Night's Entertainment. By A. A. PATON. 8vo. pp. 276, price 6s. cloth. [Dec. 18, 1860. THE object of this work is to convey to the

mind of the author's countrymen an idea of certain topographical curiosities and classes of oriental population, more particularly in Cairo, with which the English public is but slightly ac

quainted. Mr. PATON has resided many years in Egypt, occupied in studies which have given him a familiarity with the lights and shadows of the Eastern character, not to be expected in the note book of the passing traveller; and a story of adventure, with a progressive interest, seemed to him a fitter vehicle for descriptions of life and manners as they exist in the native land of the Arabian Nights, than an ordinary book of travels. The opening paragraph of the work gives a kind of programme of its substance, as follows:

"Neither Jinn nor Afreet, enchanter's wand, แ nor magic ring, figure in our new Arabian "Nights' Entertainment. In these days of steam "and electricity, surpassing all that Arab phan

66

tasy ever created, we shall, instead of super"natural machinery, content ourselves with those "natural agencies that are at the command of "every novelist who chooses to reside some years "in Arab lands, to learn the language, to mingle familiarly with all classes of the inhabitants, "and to collect the traditions of localities and "families. Such are the secret religions that "spread over the mountainous districts, or lurk "in the sequestered quarters of the towns; the "course of true love that never did run smooth "over the boulders of opposing races and creeds; "the audacious crimes or mean perfidies gene"rated by ambition or avarice; the manœuvres "of the dangerous classes that in the large cities "prey on the wealthy or unwary; the irrecon"cilable jealousies of the hareem; or the deadlier "moral cancers in the interiors of families which are carefully hidden from the public gaze."

A smaller English Grammar, for the use of Schools. By R. G. LATHAM, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., late Professor of English in University College, London; and MARY CAROLINE MABERLY. Fcp. 8vo. pp. 148, price 2s. 6d. cloth. [Jan. 31, 1861.

"Grammar is a dry study," perhaps the way

in English schools justifies the assertion. But if the study of the pupil's own tongue be viewed as a stepping-stone to the study of Language in general, a knowledge of the parts of speech, their inflexions and use as the vehicle of thought, can no longer be regarded as a system of unmeaning technicality. Let us be first interested in feeling that our intellectual life as a nation and as individuals, is intimately interwoven with the recognition of the rules and principles of the language through which we express our ideas; and, feeling this, we shall think it worth while to impress the mind of even a young pupil with some degree of interest in the origin and growth of our language. It seems therefore desirable to begin, as the pre

sent work attempts, with some insight into its history. To an intelligent mind every step in grammar opens new ideas and fresh associations; but to secure this result, grammatical studies should be as thorough as possible, should habitually lead the pupil to trace connecting links with the groundwork of other languages than his own. This little volume will, it is hoped, be found to embody all that is desirable and necessary as an outline; and the learner who masters its contents, will have acquired a knowledge of the structure of his own language sufficient to enable him to speak and write it with ease and precision, and will besides have laid a safe foundation for farther researches in comparative philology. The ar

rangement of the work, though not strictly in accordance with the common modes of teaching, in introducing some preliminaries in the way of Logic among the earlier stages of progress, has been adopted on well-digested grounds, and as the result of a long experience in teaching. The same experience has prompted the addition of Questions and Exercises which will help to com. plete the usefulness of the book.

PART

A Familiar Explanation of Arithmetic. By the Rev. FREDERICK CALDER, M.A., Head Master of Chesterfield Grammar School. New Edition, revised and improved. I. containing Simple and Compound Rules, Reduction, and Simple Rules in Decimals, 12mo. price 1s. 6d. ; with Answers, 2s. PART II. Fractions, Decimals, Practice, Proportion and its Applications, Extraction of Roots, Scales of Notation, &c. price 3s. 6d. ; with Answers, 4s. 6d. The Two Parts in 1 vol. price 4s. 6d.; or with Answers, 5s. 6d. The Answers separately, 1s. The QUESTIONS in PART II. separately, 18. [Feb. 28, 1861. THIS Edition differs from the preceding ones in the following particulars. In PART I. the Numeration of Decimals is treated of, and the rules for performing the four elementary processes therewith are clearly stated and illustrated by examples worked at full length. In PART II. the articles on Ratio, Duodecimals, and Cube Root, are shortened and simplified; a Chapter is appended on the Units of Weight and Measure; a brief but complete Treatise on Book-keeping is inserted; a Chapter is given on Decimal Coinage, including a full description of the French or Metrical System of Money, Weights, and MeaA carefully-constructed collection of Easy Miscellaneous Examples likewise forms a new and, it is hoped, a useful feature of the present improved edition.

sures.

Second Part of M'Leod's Scripture Geography.

THIS

The Life and Travels of St. Paul; Including Descriptions of the Cities and Towns visited by the Apostle: With a Pronouncing Vocabulary and Questions for Examination. For the use of Training Colleges and the Higher Classes of Primary Schools. By WALTER M'LEOD, F.R.G.S., Head Master, Model School, Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea. Pp. 156; with a Map of St. Paul's Travels, Plans of Rome and Athens, and a Chart of the South Coast of Crete. 12mo. price 2s. cloth. [Jan. 30, 1861. THIS volume forms the SECOND PART of Mr. M'LEOD'S 66 Scripture Geography;" the FIRST PART being the Geography of Palestine or the Holy Land, which appeared in 1847, and is now in its eleventh edition. The second part was announced several years ago, when the utility of the first for the purposes of tuition had been practically ascertained. The delay in its appearance has enabled the author to make use of the abundant particulars which have appeared in the interval on the history and geography of the cities, towns, &c. visited by St. Paul during his Apostolic Journeys, especially that afforded by Smith's Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul; Conybeare and Howson's valuable work on the Life and Epistles of St. Paul; Professor Hackett's Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles; the volume entitled the Footsteps of St. Paul; Miss Merivale's Christian Records; and Dr. Smith's excellent Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. To these works the Author acknowledges his obligations in his preface. The dates adopted are those of Professor Hackett and Messrs. Conybeare and Howson, with respect to the time when, and the places where, the several Epistles were written; and the order of events in the Life of the Apostle from the date of his first imprisonment at Rome, till his death, is also in accordance with the views of these writers. titles of the different Epistles, the order in which they appeared, and the time when they were respectively written, are shown at a glance in the Appendix.

The

The author has endeavoured to make his work a readable and trustworthy manual, not only for the senior classes in elementary and higher schools, but also for pupil-teachers and for students in training colleges. And that all necessary information may be obtained from the volume itself, explanations of manners and customs, descriptions of persons, places, &c., mentioned in the Acts, are given in notes; and the several Plans of Rome, Athens, and the South Coast of Crete, and the Map of St. Paul's travels-all of

which have been expressly prepared for this work -contain the names of all the places mentioned in the narrative. The words which were likely to occasion difficulty in regard to the right mode of pronunciation have been carefully accentuated, either in the text or in the index of places; and the different headings and the style of printing employed will, it is believed, help to impress on the minds of the readers, not only the order of events, but also the historical, geographical, and otherinformation connected with the places described. The routes of the Apostle, the events in his history gathered from the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles, are clearly indicated by BLACK TYPE; whereas the headings in italics show that the geography and history of the places named are given. The grouping together of the contents in the body of the work is believed to be an advantage, since by this arrangement a comprehensive summary of the Sacred Narrative is laid before the reader.

The Middle-Class Atlas for 1861: containing coloured Maps of Great Britain and Ireland (Physical Features), England, Ireland, Scotland, France, Spain, Switzerland, and Italy. By WALTER M'LEOD, F.R.G.S., Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea. The Maps engraved by E. WELLER, F.R.G.S. 4to. price 2s. sewed. [Jan. 30, 1861.

THE principal of one of our most successful middle-class schools, considered that an atlas, specially adapted to the Oxford programme, would be an acquisition to those pupils who are preparing for the local examinations. The present school-atlas, which has been prepared to supply this want, comprises all the Maps required by pupils graduating for the examination of junior candidates in geography at the Oxford local examinations to be held in 1861. Particular attention has therefore been paid to those points on which the candidates are tested; such as the coast lines, the directions of mountain chains, the courses of rivers, and the boundaries of provinces, counties, &c. All these are clearly and accurately delineated on the maps, which are engraved in the best style of art. They also contain the recent changes that have taken place in the boundaries of France, Sardinia, Austria, and the States of the Church.

It seems desirable to add that, in 1857, the University of Oxford passed a statute, establishing two examinations for "those who are not members of the University;" one for youths under eighteen, another for boys under fifteen years of age. The examinations are open to all persons, whatever their position or religious denomination may be; the only restrictions are those

February 28, 1861

already specified. The examinations are held in Oxford, in London, and other local centres in May. Those who succeed in the lower examinathe pass tions obtain certificates; and those who higher receive the title of Associate in Arts of Oxford.

GALBRAITH and HAUGHTON'S Manual of Mechanics. Fifth Edition (Ninth Thousand). Fcp. 8vo. pp. 164, price 3s. 6d. cloth; or 38. sewed. [Dec. 31, 1860.

THIS edition of the well-known Manual of Mechanics is considerably enlarged and improved. Duchayla's and Archimedes' proofs of the composition of forces meeting at a point, and of parallel forces, are given in detail, with numerous examples. A considerable development is also given to the principle of work done by agents moving uniformly. The attention of the reader is particularly requested to the examples from Coulomb and Venturoli, as well as to the original questions, appended to Chap. II. of the Dynamics.

In addition to 188 examples of principles given in the text, 168 examples for exercise, most carefully selected, and many of them original, are given at the close of the chapters, so as to provide the student with a body of upwards of 350 mechanical examples for practice. This edition will be found very well suited to candidates preparing for the competitive examinations for admission to the Military, and other branches of public service.

The utmost care has been taken in the revision of the proofs, each of which was compared by three practised readers with different sets of tables. The paper, which is of the finest quality, and of a beautiful tint, was manufactured expressly for the work, and has been pronounced by competent judges to be most agreeable to the eye, and peculiarly adapted for use by lamp or candle light.

In printing Gauss's logarithms, the authors of the Manual believe they have conferred a signal benefit on the English scientific public. The Sum and Difference proposed by this distinguished mathematician are well known in Germany, while, strange to say, they have never been hitherto used in England or France. What can be a greater desideratum to the computer than the means of rapidly finding log (a+b) and log (a-b) from log a and log b, without the necessity of previously entering the tables for a and b? In astronomical and trigonometrical calculations the want is frequently felt, and has given rise to various formulæ depending on subsidiary or auxiliary angles. All these are superseded by Gauss's Sum and Difference logarithms, which supply a uniform and ready method of removing the difficulty whenever it occurs. authors hope that this novel feature of their Tables, together with the care bestowed on them in their progress through the press, will secure for this, their tenth Manual, the same amount of public favour which has already attended the preceding volumes of the series.

The

GALBRAITH and HAUGHTON's Manual of Plane Trigonometry. Fifth Edition (Ninth Thousand). Fep. 8vo. pp. 108, price 2s. 6d. cloth; or 2s. sewed. [Sept. 30, 1860.

N bringing out this New Edition of the Manual

effected many improvements, while no essential change has been made. The appendix to the former editions, which contained an account of the nature and use of Logarithms, has been transferred to the Manual of Mathematical Tables as an introduction. New Examples have been introduced, and several formulæ and statements which have hitherto appeared in a current order of connexion, are now thrown into the form of separate Propositions, with distinct headings, constructions, and demonstrations, after the manner of Euclid. It is hoped that the form now adopted, though it somewhat lengthens the statements, will be found better adapted to school instruction.