composition are then supplied, and the practical applications of bodies of vegetable origin are sketched; and lastly, the changes which plants and animal substances undergo in the processes of digestion are traced, and their products are described in connection with human and comparative chemistry. A long experience has shown that youths engage in the inquiries pointed out in this work with great spirit and energy, and acquire habits of accurate thought which are of great value in other branches of education.

Solutions of Questions in Mixed Mathematics proposed at the Examinations for Admission to the Royal Military Academy in 1861 and 1862. By the Rev. R. FOWLER, M.A. 8vo. pp. 50, price 3s. 6d. sewed. [May 30, 1862.

OLLECTIONS of solutions to questions in

volving only the elementary principles of mechanics are rare. Many of the examples given in the Cambridge examinations involve higher principles than generally fall within the range of a Woolwich candidate's studies. The excellent examples in the Woolwich Reports of the last two years have therefore been chosen for solution in the present work, because the author believes that, within the limits prescribed by the military authorities to the course of mixed mathematics, no better exercise for students can be found than is given in these papers. The solutions comprised in this volume have been made by the author in the course of preparing his own pupils; and in his preface he expresses his belief that they will be found useful both to other teachers and other students of the science of mechanics.

The Art of Perfumery, and the Methods of Extracting the Odours from Plants, &c. By G. W. SEPTIMUS PIESSE,* Analytical Chemist. Third Edition, greatly improved; including numerous Additional Recipes and Analyses. Pp. 412; with 53 Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. price 10s. 6d. cloth.

[May 24, 1862.

HE third edition of Mr. PIESSE's well-known

foreign countries are presented in a tabular form, accompanied by the Tariffs in force at the principal ports. The improved Syphon Still for extracting Ottos is likewise described and illustrated; and a description is added of the colouring substances employed by perfumery factors. These additions increase the number of chapters or sections from eighteen to twenty-one. But every chapter has been rewritten, and contains accessions of fresh matter, technical and scientific, with new information from various foreign correspondents of the author, relating to special perfuming materials, the products of the countries in which they reside. This edition is likewise enriched with an entirely new Table of Odours, demonstrating to the eye the analogy which exists between Colour, Sound, and Scent. This analogy the author illustrates by a GAMUT OF ODOURS on a scale of six octaves, each odour being prefixed to its corresponding musical note, in order to explain that scents, like sounds, influence the olfactory nerve in certain definite degrees, and that the sense of smell depends upon cognate laws.

A fair idea of the contents of this work as it now stands is conveyed by the heads of its several sections, which are as follows:- History of Perfumery; Theory of Odour; Flower Farms; Expression, Distillation, Absorption, Enfleurage, Maceration; Primitive Odours; the Commercial Element; Perfumes of Animal Origin; Smelling Salts, Vinegars, Snuff; Bouquets and Nosegays; Sachet Powders, Incense; Perfumed Soap; Emulsions, Jellies, and Milks; Cold Cream and Lip Salves; Pomades and Oils; Hair Dyes and Depilatories; Rouge and Cosmetics; Dentifrices, Lozenges, and Mouth Washes; Bandoline, and Hair Waters; Colouring Substances; Foreign Tariffs on Perfumery.-The APPENDIX has also been rewritten and enlarged, and now includes a NEW SCALE of the boiling and congealing points of various OTTOS.

A Handybook of Social Intercourse: Political Economy for the Million. BY WILLIAM B. CHORLEY. Fep. 8vo. pp. 310, price 5s. cloth. [May 10, 1862.

on

this introductory treatise Political IN nsidered

original matter; both newly recovered and historical recipes, and analyses of modern articles for the toilet which have become popular in the present day. In the body of the work, the commercial element of perfumery manufacture is considered and discussed from the practical point of view. The imports and exports to British colonies and

* Mr. PIESSE has been requested to act as one of the Jurors of Class 4, by Her Majesty's Commissioners for the International Exhibition.

special reference to the present circumstances of society in all its various ranks and relations. The author has endeavoured to furnish a clear readable exposition of this important science in a more popular form than has been hitherto attempted. Properly viewed in their connexion with daily events, the moving impulses of national progress are full of interest; and nothing but the dry, confused, pedantic manner in which they have been too often examined has caused the

feeling of distaste frequently attached to the very mention of political economy.

A long experience of many kinds of business on the most extended scale, and the results of much thought upon the history of the past in its bearings on the present, are here embodied in conclusions, some of which modify and explain

the application heretofore given to abstract principles, and it is believed place them in a new and much more attractive light. Everything connected with the social welfare and relations of society — especially the relation of the upper to the lower classes will be found carefully considered in the pages of this work: an aspect of the science too often wholly neglected in treatises on political economy, though perhaps the most important part of its lessons. The Great Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations now open, and the approaching meeting of the Society for the Improvement of Social Science, seems to mark the present as an appropriate time for drawing attention to this subject.

&c.

The contents of the work are as follows:-INTRODUCTION. PART I. GENERAL OUTLINE. On Savage and Civilised Life. On Labour. Property in Land, Capital, &c. Of Professions, Arts, Government Expenditure, &c.- PART II. ON PROPERTY AND LABOUR APPLIED IN PRODUCTION. -Section 1st. Land, Capital, and Property. Surface Land, Mines, and Building Land. Lord of the Manor, Landlord and Tenant. Rents and Royalties, Tithes, Tolls, &c. Succession to Land, Primogeniture and Division. Capital, Moneylending, and Investments. Interest, Usury, Profit, Section 2nd. Manufactures and Trades. Working of Metals and Machinery. Of Manufacturing Industry. Chemical and Mechanical Trades, &c. Ships, Roads, Railways, &c. Cost and Profit. -Section 3rd. Masters and Men. Wages, Tribute, Taskwork. Machinery and Hand-labour. Combinations of Masters and Men. Capital and Labour. -PART III. ON PROPERTY AND LABOUR applied IN DISTRIBUTION. Section 1st. Home and Foreign Trade. Commerce, Cities, and Ports. Commerce, Domestic, Colonial and Foreign. Free Trade and Restrictions. Guilds, Companies, and Partnerships.-Section 2nd. Buying and Selling. Barter and Sale. Value and Price. Supply and Deraand.-Section 3rd. Money, Banking, and Exchanges. Currency, Bills of Exchange, &c. Money, Bullion, Coin, Notes. On Banks and Banking. Exchanges and Balances of Trade. Fluctuations in Prices, and the Money Market, Panics. -PART IV. GENERAL SUMMARY. On Social Intercourse and Relations. The Professional Classes. Education, Literature, Arts, Luxury. Taxation and Government Expenditure. Peace and War. Rich and Poor. National Welfare and Progress.-CONCLUSion.

Marvels and Mysteries of Instinct; or, Curiosities of Animal Life. By G. GARRATT. Third Edition, revised and enlarged. Pp. 446, with Frontispiece. Fcp. 8vo., price 7s. cloth. [May 15, 1862.

the topic of a public lecture, and the interest which its marvels and mysteries then awoke, subsequently induced the author to fill up at his leisure the sketch he had framed. The principal object has been to select for consideration those phenomena which should instruct as well as entertain the general reader. Simplicity of form has been studied throughout the treatment, especially with regard to all the more abstruse parts, that the whole may be understood by the humblest capacity.

HE subject of this volume originally formed

The additions to the present edition, which has been carefully revised throughout, consist principally of a full GENERAL INDEX, and an entirely new and copious part or division of the body of the work devoted to the Habits and Instincts of REPTILES. The studious reader will find that the natural history of these curious creatures exhibits points of more than ordinary interest. The SERPENTS or PYTHONS, which constitute the most remarkable tribe of this class, as seen in their highest developement in the equatorial regions of the globe, are minutely described from the best authorities; and the more striking facts and anecdotes relating to them are given as nearly as possible in the words of the eye-witnesses themselves.

Catechesis Evangelica: being Questions and Answers based on the "Textus Receptus." For the use of Theological Students. PART I. St. Matthew. By THOMAS LAW MONTEFIORE, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge; Rector of Catherston-Leweston, Dorset. Post 8vo. pp. 302, price 6s. 6d. cloth.

THIS

[March 24, 1862. THIS Series is designed to furnish text-books of criticism for the theological student. The catechetical form was adopted for the greater benefit of those who are preparing for divinity examinations. The works consulted in this first part are of great critical authority. Not being intended for a commentary, exegesis is sparingly introduced. In the part now published use has been made, and acknowledged, of the valuable works of the following authors: Bengel, Grotius, Hammond, Beveridge, Pearson, Michaelis, Greek Testaments of Alford, Wordsworth, and Bloomfield; Olshausen, Schleusner, Wahl, Winer (particularly the invaluable Grammar of New

Testament Diction of the latter), Elsley, Parkhurst, Scrivener, Westcott, Trench, Churton, Cowper (editor of Codex A.), Burgon, Davison, Horne, the late Professor Blunt, Astle (Origin and Progress of Writing, a scarce book, out of print), Middleton, Dr. Mill, H. J. Rose, Ellicott, Dr. Hook, Dr. Stanley, Tudor, Swainson, &c. &c., the Fathers (Catena Aurea), and Josephus. There are two facsimiles inserted of Uncial MSS. taken from Astle; and Appendices. The Questions and Answers are based upon the "Textus Receptus"; and important variations from it are noticed, where they occur in the texts of Beza, Griesbach, Scholz, Lachmann, Tischendorf, Tregelles, &c. &c.

Maunder's Treasury of Natural History, or Popular Dictionary of Zoology; in which the Characteristics that distinguish different Classes, Genera, and Species are combined with a Variety of Interesting Information illustrative of the Habits, Instincts, and General Economy of the Animal Kingdom. Embellished with 900 Woodcuts engraved expressly for this work. Sixth Edition, revised and corrected, with an extended SUPPLEMENT, by T. SPENCER COBBOLD, M.D., F.L.S., Lecturer on Botany, Zoology, and Comparative Anatomy, at the Middlesex Hospital Medical College. Fep. 8vo. pp. 816, price 108. cloth. [May 16, 1862. A Prefatory Note by the Editor states that he has

endeavoured to bring the zoological information contained in this new edition of MAUNDER'S well-known Treasury of Natural History up to the present time by the introduction of corrections and emendations in the body of the work, and more particularly, by the addition of a Supplement, which had become an imperative necessity. So wide are the recent strides of Natural History Science, that in the brief interval which has elapsed since the last edition of this Treasury was issued, a multitude of novel and important facts have been brought to light. Among these may be here specified, in the first place, the rediscovery of that huge living, anthropomorphous ape, the Gorilla, whose position in the scale of animated nature has given origin to a most instructive controversy; secondly, further knowledge of the remarkable genetic changes, or Alternations of Generation, known to occur in many of the lower animals during their passage from the embryonic up to the adult condition; and thirdly, the great variety of extinct monsters, whose skeletal remains have been investigated by the devoted cultivators of paleontological research.

The SUPPLEMENT, embracing about one hundred brief articles, will be found to contain not only a record of the above-mentioned discoveries, but also ample notices of remarkable and otherwise interesting animals, such as the Kiang, Eland, Baleniceps, Sieboldia, Euplectella, &c., the previous records of which were either imperfect or altogether wanting.

The Practical Mechanic's Journal Record of the Great Exhibition, 1862: An elaborate Illustrated Account of the International Exhibition of the Present Year, in the form of Supplementary Numbers to the Parts of the Practical Mechanic's Journal. Nos. I. and II. now ready, price 28. each, sewed. To be completed in 12 Numbers, each No. consisting of 48 quarto pages of letterpress, with 2 Plate Engravings, and numerous Woodcuts. [May 1 and June 1, 1862. THE FIRST NUMBER of this work comprises an

Historical and Critical Account of the Construction of every Exhibition Building of importance from 1797 up to that of the current year. A detailed account for the first time in English is given of the structure of the Great French Buildings of 1855; and a complete Account, with Critical Notices, of the Construction of the Great Building of 1862; with Illustrations of all important Parts, taken direct from the Working Drawings, with which the Editor has been favoured by Captain Fowkes, R.E., the Architect of the Building. This Number is complete in itself, and is the only Professional Account ever produced of the Structure of the several Exhibition Buildings of 1797, 1798, 1801, 1802, 1806, 1819, 1823, 1827, 1834, 1839, 1844, 1849; London of 1851; Dublin of 1853; New York of 1854; Manchester of 1854; Paris of 1855; Florence of 1861 and that now just opened in London. The First No. also includes a complete resumé of the classification and localisation in the Building of the objects of the International Exhibition, and will be found a serviceable preliminary Handbook for every visitor, whether professional

or not.

The SECOND NUMBER, now ready, contains Mineral Products, by Warington. W. Smyth, F.R.S.; Mineral Statistics, by Robert Hunt, F.R S.; Mineral Products of India, by M. C. Cooke, Esq.; Building Materials, by George R. Burnell, C.E.; Textile Materials, by Professor Hodges of Belfast, and P. L. Simmonds, F.S.S.; Materials for Paper-making, by W. Stone; and new Animal or Vegetable Products, by P. L. Simmonds, F.S.S.

The Study of Steam and the Marine Engine, for Young Sea Officers in II. M. Navy, the Merchant Navy, &c.; being a complete Initiation into a Knowledge of Principles and their application to Practice. By S. M. SAXBY, Esq., R.N., late of Caius College, Cambridge; Principal Instructor of Naval Engineers in H.M. Steam Reserve; Author of Projection and Calculation of the Sphere, &c. Post 8vo. pp. 192, with 87 Diagrams, price 58. 6d. cloth. [April 28, 1862.

IN

this work the author has sought to supply a text-book for all who wish to become acquainted with the use of steam machinery, whether afloat or on shore. Addressing himself especially to persons engaged in the Sea Services, the author has endeavoured to explain clearly and simply the qualifications essential to a naval engineer; and, by affording facilities for reference, to make his work useful to the naval officer. Without adhering to the usual scholastic method of teaching, the author, while excluding unnecessary details, has attempted to explain all things which form a proper groundwork of study. He has avoided the use of diflicult formulæ, but at the same time he has shown how such are to be used when met with in general works on the steam-engine. The first, or elementary part of the work, explains, with full illustrations, and in language adapted to beginners, the law of forces, mechanics, practical plane trigonometry, &c. The second part gives

an exact and detailed description of the steamengine, and the principles on which it works, with easy rules for calculating the performance and capabilities of the marine engine.

cipal facts of Physical Astronomy, and endeavoured by a new arrangement to bring them within the comprehension of ordinary pupils at school. The facts are set out in paragraphs, with corresponding questions at the end of each chapter. This explanation of the truths connected with the Planets of the Solar System is followed by some account of the principal phenomena of the heavens, such as Comets, Meteors, the Aurora Borealis, &c. The remaining chapters are devoted to the circles of the Terrestrial and Celestial Spheres, some problems connected with which follow in the Third Part. The Second Part investigates the formula of plane and spherical trigonometry, which form the bases of mathematical astronomy. The Third Part fully explains the methods of determining latitude, longitude, amplitude, time at a place, &c.; and some practical observations are added on the theory and use of the sextant and transit instrument. The work is mainly designed for the use of boys in private and naval schools; but it may be studied with profit by all persons who intend to enter the naval or mercantile service, as an introduction to navigation and nautical astronomy.

The Cricket Tutor. By the Author of "The Cricket Field," "A Course of English Reading," &c. Pp. 96; with Frontispiece and 4 Woodcuts. Fcp. 8vo. price 1s. 6d. cloth. [May 31, 1862.

game of Cricket, so written as to be particularly HIS is a concise and practical treatise on the suited for the use of our public schools. To the Captains of Elevens in the public schools of England it is expressly dedicated. It contains special instructions for training for the school matches played at Lord's and on public occasions. The work is illustrated with Woodcuts, to show the correct attitude of batsmen, as well as with Diagrams to illustrate other points of the game.

The Cricket Tutor is a reprint, with many additions and illustrations, of a series of papers called "Hints on Cricket," commenced in the May number of "Every Boy's Magazine." At the same time that it addresses learners, it professes to contain many hints as well worthy the attention of experienced players as anything to the same extent that will be found in the author's larger work, The Cricket Field, to which this may be regarded not only as a cheap introduction, but to some extent as a supplement.

COUNT CAVOUR.- Reminiscences of the

Life and Character of Count Cavour, by W. DE LA RIVE, translated from the French by EDWARD ROMILLY, will shortly appear, in 1 vol. These reminiscences are drawn up by a relative of Count Cavour. They give an account of the early life and public career of that great Italian Statesman. He is represented as he was in his youth and manhood, before he was known to the world; and the various incidents, characteristic anecdotes, and extracts from familiar letters with which the narrative is interspersed, throw great and authentic light upon his real character, and upon the motives by which his conduct was actuated. The work contains a faithful summary of Cavour's political career; and concludes with an interesting and touching account of his last illness and death, drawn up by his niece, the Countess Alfieri. The translation is by Mr. Edward Romilly, whose acquaintance with Count Cavour began in very early days.

THE HISTORY of the REFORMATION in

EUROPE IN THE TIME OF CALVIN. By Dr. MERLE D'AUBIGNE.-The first two volumes of this new work, by the Author of the History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century, will appear in the Autumn. A comparison of the

nations which have received the Reformation of Luther with those who adhere to that of Calvin (as Switzerland, Holland, England, Scotland, &c.), shows that the latter have been more firm in their faith, and more active in the propagation of the Gospel, while they have carried out more fully the developement of social life, especially in all that relates to constitutional liberty. This distinction has been carefully brought out by the Author.

He has devoted a part of these two forthcoming volumes to Geneva, the centre of the new phase of the Reformation, as Wittenberg had been to that of Luther. The struggles of the first Huguenots in this city, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, to maintain their independence and their ancient freedom, may be said to have taken the lead in initiating the Reformation. Geneva was the first ecclesiastical principality in Europe which fell to make way for liberty; as Rome will be the last. The energy of the freemen of Geneva recalls the heroic times of the old republics; and the fate of those who fell martyrs for freedom teems with human interest.

In another part of the work the Author narrates the history of the Reformation in France during Calvin's sojourn in that country, from 1525 to 1536, in which year he went to Geneva. The character of Calvin has been hitherto very imperfectly understood; and after the lapse of three centuries the time seems come that the Great Reformer of Geneva should cease to be regarded solely as a cold theologian, that we should appreciate him as a man of warm heart, kindly feelings, and estimable personal character. The forthcoming work throws, it is believed, a new light

on his conversion, which is not less striking than that of Luther, and on his first years of Christian activity, of which few even to the present time know the most interesting circumstances. The Author has availed himself of documents recently discovered, and is thus able, for instance, to give the celebrated discourse which Calvin wrote at the age of twenty-four, and which was read by the Rector of the University of Paris in 1533, at the opening of the University year; when it is well known that both the Rector and Calvin were obliged to fly in haste from Paris.

Other subjects, which have not yet received a satisfactory explanation, are placed in a clear light; and among these may be specified the relations of Francis L of France with the Protestant Princes and Doctors of Germany. It is proved by official documents that Francis, notorious for his worldliness and his persecution of the Reformed Christians, was at that time ready to follow the example of his friend Henry VIII. of England, and actually submitted to the Sorbonne, at Paris, a confession of faith nearly approaching to that of Augsburg.

On all these points, and on several collateral topics of enduring historical interest, it is believed that Dr. D'AUBIGNE's forthcoming volumes will afford abundant proof of much successful research.

The American Republic.—“Jefferson and the

American Democracy, an Historical Study," by CORNELIS DE WITT, translated with the Author's permission by R. S. H. CHURCH, in one volume octavo, is expected to be ready in June. "The whole of "Mr. DE WITT's volume," observes a writer in the Saturday Review, in an article on the French edition of this work which appeared in that journal on May 10, was written before the outbreak of hostility "between the Northern and Southern States of the "American Union had cast even a coming shadow

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upon their immediate future ; and the consistency of "the work has been injured by no injudicious attempt to "import any modifications of opinion which recent "events may have suggested to the mind of the author. "The empirical light which the last year has thrown so broadly upon American institutions has perhaps taught "Mr. DE WITT to distrust some of his own conclusions as to the inherent elements of their strength and stability. But the historical study of the character and dangers of American democracy, which Mr. DE WITT "has drawn from the memoirs of the earliest democratic "statesinan of the United States, is infinitely more "valuable in its present shape than if it had been "twisted into another aspect, or its perspective cor"rected from a fresh point of view. The commence"ment of a great domestic struggle which must end "either in absolute divorce or in the establishment, for