notions regarding Him the source of all error. His Law is the perfection of Wisdom, and obedience to it must necessarily produce happiness, while on the contrary the breach of it yields misery. God's Law is then the only possible system of Philosophy. There is no operation of the Mind, or Thought, either actual or possible, that does not come under its immediate jurisdiction. Truth Objective is the impeccable Will of God; Truth Subjective is the Divine Law or Reason written on the heart, and is applicable to individual action and to man considered as a social existence; in other words, the Divine Law forms the only foundation for Political Science.

Sight and Touch: an Attempt to Disprove the Received (or Berkeleian) Theory of Vision. By the Rev. THOMAS K. ABBOTT, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Dublin. Pp. 186; with 21 figures engraved on Wood. 8vo. price 5s. 6d. cloth.

[July 16, 1864. THE object of this work is to investigate the Tote

the perception of space, and by showing that we do actually see the solid figure, magnitude, and distance of objects, to remove a serious difficulty in the philosophy of Common Sense. It is generally held that the eye is physically incapable of such perceptions, which belong to touch only; and the visual sensations therefore can only suggest and revive the ideas of Touch which have been habitually associated with them. This theory, it is believed, is here not only refuted but reversed. The method adopted is the following.

First, the proof usually given is shown to be fallacious; there being no absurdity in attributing such perceptions to sight. Next the laws of Association, and those which determine the quickness, vividness, &c., of the revived thoughts, are examined with as much precision as possible, and it is shown that the theory in question contradicts these laws, and further that the assumed association neither does nor can exist. It is then proved from the nature of the senses of Touch and Sight, that the perceptions in question are appropriate to the latter, and not to the former; Mr. BAIN'S theory is examined at length and its fallacy exposed. Several remarkable phenomena of vision are pointed out which appear incapable of explanation on the ordinary theory, and the theories of single vision propounded by Mr. BAIN, Mr. LEWES, etc., are considered and refuted.

The special phenomena of vision, with one or both eyes, are then examined as far as they are connected with the subject, and numerous experiments are detailed and illustrated, some of

which are new, and others have never been published in this country. The latest researches of DONDERS, Von GRÆFE, HERING, PANUM, VOLKMANN, &c., (with reference to accommodation, binocular vision, strabismus, &c.) are made use of, and it is finally demonstrated that a sensation, adequate and appropriate to the perception of distance, solid figure, and magnitude, not only may but actually does exist. In further confirmation of the results thus obtained, the history of persons born blind is examined, especially of those who have obtained sight by an operation. In addition to CHESELDEN's case, an account is given (from English, French, German and Italian sources) of more than ten others, most of which are unnoticed by English writers; the facts are carefully analysed, and shown to harmonize with. the theory here maintained. Additional illustrations are furnished by the phenomena exhibited by the lower animals and by infants; which to ADAM SMITH and Sir W. HAMILTON appeared anomalous. Mr. MILL's explanation is noticed and shown to be untenable.

The Senses and the Intellect. By ALEXANDER BAIN, M.A. Professor of Logic in the University of Aberdeen; Examiner in Logic and Moral Philosophy in the University of London; Author of The Emotions and the Will,' On the Study of Character, including an Estimate of Phrenology,' and 'An English Grammar.' Second Edition, with numerous emendations. 8vo. pp. 672, price 158. cloth. [March 19, 1864.

THIS edition has been thoroughly revised and in

subsequent work on the Emotions and the Will, completes a systematic exposition of the Human Mind. The explanations of the Nervous System and the Senses have been amended according to the best recent authorities on Physiology. The Definition of Mind has been somewhat differently expressed. The systematic plan of describing the Feelings has been modified, and all the detailed descriptions re-cast. An attempt has been made to generalise the Physical accompaniments of Pleasure and Pain. The Instinctive foundations of Volition are stated more explicitly. The Introduction to the Intellect has been revised, with a view to rendering as precise as possible the natural subdivisions of this portion of the mind. The doctrine referring to the physical seat of revived impressions has been discussed anew, and applied to clear up the difficulties attending the explanation of Sympathy. The associating principle of Contrast has, on farther consideration, been treated as the reproductive aspect of Discrimina

tion, or Relativity. The origin of our notions of Time and Space has been more minutely traced; and some additions have been made to the handling of the great Metaphysical problems relating to the External World.

The Elements of Logic. By THOMAS SHEDDEN, M.A. of St. Peter's College, Cambridge. 12mo. pp. 276, price 4s. 6d. cloth. [August 11, 1864. IN this brief treatise, dedicated by permission

to the ARCHBISHOP of YORK, the Author's aim is to present the student of LOGIC with a scheme of the science as it is developed at the present day: avoiding, on the one hand, too close an adherence to the Ancient or ARISTOTELIAN Logic and those minute technicalities and hairsplittings with which the schoolmen overburthened the Dialectic of Greek Philosophy; and, on the other, those modern systems, of which some pretend that men can reason without Deduction, and others lead us to suspect that Philosophy is only real when it is unintelligible, and that what the reader can understand, the writer had better have left unwritten. The object of the work is to assist, not to supersede, more extended studies in the closet or lecture-room. Beginning with the consideration of Names, or Terms, it next treats, in the usual order, of Propositions and the Syllogism. In noticing the doctrine of the Explicit Quantification of the Predicate,' as laid down by Sir WILLIAM HAMILTON, the Author shews the ultimate result to which that doctrine, when viewed in conjunction with the real function of the Copula, necessarily leads. The Inductive and Imperfect Syllogism, Sophisms, the general nature and laws of Evidence, and Logical Method, both in Deduction and Induction, are next treated of. For the sake of rendering the text more clear and connected, a mass of technical terms, many of them obsolete or even useless, are not noticed in the body of the work, but given in a comparative form in an APPENDIX. A verbal INDEX of four pages is supplied to complete the treatise for the purpose of reference.

The Linen Trade, Ancient and Modern. By ALEX. J. WARDEN, Merchant, Dundee. 8vo. pp. 758, price 18s. cloth, or 20s. with gilt edges. [August 15, 1864. THIS volume comprises full details of the cultivation and preparation of flax, jute, and the other raw materials of the linen manufacture; the history of the trade in Ancient Egypt, Judea, Greece, Rome, &c. ; its present condition in the

various nations of Continental Europe; in England, Ireland, and Scotland, from the earliest times; notices of parishes in Scotland formerly devoted to the linen manufacture; a particular account of the trade in Dundee and in the manufacturing towns around; a Dundee Prices Current for every year of the present Century; particulars relating to spinning and weaving establishments; imports, exports, and many other statistical tables; spinning, weaving, bleaching, &c. in ancient and modern times; followed by a copious INDEX to the whole work.

THIS

The Application of Cast and Wrought Iron to Building Purposes. By WILLIAM FAIRBAIRN, C.E. F.R.S. F.G.S. Corresponding Member of the Institute, &c. Third Edition, corrected and enlarged. Pp. 330; with 6 Plates and 118 Figures engraved on Wood. 8vo. price 16s. cloth. [Aug. 6, 1864. THIS work, which is entirely of a practical character, has been carefully revised by the Author; and the Third Edition comprises, in addition to its former contents, an account of the most recent improvements in fire-proof buildings, the employment of wrought-iron instead of castiron beams, and experimental researches on the effects of vibration on beams, girders, and bridges. The general contents are disposed in Four Sections, as follows. I. The adaptation of cast-iron beams for the support of the floors of mills, warehouses, and public buildings; including the experiments of the Author and the late Professor HODGKINSON, establishing formulas for the guidance of the Architect and the Engineer. Also experiments to determine the value of trussed beams of cast and wrought iron, and wrought iron and wood. The influences of time and tenperature on these constructions are considered, and in a tabulated form are given the results of experiments on cast-iron derived from frequent meltings and re-meltings. SECTION II. contains a description of wrought-iron beams, and their adaptation for building purposes, showing their superior strength, security, and durability over cast-iron beams. SECTION III. treats of the construction of fire-proof warehouses and buildings of that important class, together with practical details relative to their security as fire-proof structures. SECTION IV. is almost exclusively devoted to Bridges composed of Wood, Stone, and Iron, and those other constructions denominated Tubular, Tubular Girder, Lattice, Warren, and Plate Bridges. The proportions and necessary formulas for calculating the strength of each of these classes of Bridges are given, together with details of numerous examples in actual existence.

An APPENDIX to the work (now first added) includes an account of the Bridge intended to cross the Rhine at Cologne; followed by some remarks on the fall of a Cotton Mill arising from defective beams and defective construction.

Remarks on Horses' Teeth, addressed to
Purchasers. By WILLIAM MILES, Esq.,
Author of The Horse's Foot and How to

Keep it Sound,' a Plain Treatise on
Horse-Shoeing,' and 'General Remarks on
Stables and Examples of Stable Fittings.'
Crown 8vo. pp. 56, price 1s. 6d. cloth.
[June 28, 1864.

THE object of this dissertation is to place before

the reader in plain language just that amount of information which every horseman should possess to enable him to estimate the probable age of a HORSE by a careful examination of its mouth. The Author has avoided encumbering the subject with anatomical or physiological remarks, in the belief that his object will be best accomplished by confining his observations to those points only that immediately concern a purchaser, who naturally wishes to know something more about the AGE of a HORSE than the seller may find it convenient to tell him.

6

Book I. of CESAR'S Commentaries on the Gallic War, with Notes and Vocabulary for the use of Schools and Private Students. By Dr. KENNY, L.R.C.P., Editor of The First Three Books of VIRGIL'S Eneid, with Notes and Vocabulary,' &c. Second Edit. 18mo. pp. 72, price 1s. cloth. [Aug. 31, 1864.

THE HE object of this edition is to simplify for the use of beginners and the junior classes the First Book of CESAR'S Commentaries as a first Latin reading and construing book.

For

and easiest introduction to a Latin classical author, making accessible to the youngest learner the facilities afforded by modern scholarship.

An English-Greek Lexicon, abridged from the larger work by C. D. YONGE, Author of a 'Latin Gradus,' &c. Square 12mo. pp. 488, price 8s. 6d. cloth. [Aug. 1, 1864. HIS smaller English-Greek Lexicon

from the Author larger Lexicon, of which it is an abridgment, in the circumstance that, while that work aims at giving every Greek word which is found in the authors of the classical age, this, being meant for less advanced scholars, confines itself solely to words used by the Attic writers. This contraction of plan, as those writers are all of equal authority, renders it unnecessary to cite the names of those who have used each word; but those words which are found only in the poets are distinguished by an obelus. The phrases have been re-examined on the same principle, those only being retained which were selected from the Attic writers; and to these several additions have been made, especially from the Tragedians. The declension, conjugation, or construction of each word are only given, as in the larger work, when they are at variance with the ordinary rules; but the quantity of each syllable is marked, so that the book may serve for a Gradus as well as for a Dictionary.

Progressive Exercises in Book-Keeping by Double Entry; including Account-States, Partnership Accounts, Private Journal and Ledger, &c. adapted for use in Schools. By the Rev. JOHN HUNTER, M.A. Instructor of Candidates for the Civil Service and other Public Examinations. 12mo. pp. 74, price 1s. 6d. cloth. [August 27, 1864.

given; an explanatory argument in English is placed at the head of each chapter; and the notes at the foot of each page explain the most diflicult passages. In addition to these aids, a vocabulary is appended, giving the English meaning of every word used in the First Book, in order to lessen by degrees the repugnance felt by most young boys to the use of the Dictionary before they have mastered the elements of Latin. As the First Book of Cæsar's Commentaries is frequently selected for the Oxford and other Examinations, it is hoped that the present compilation will be found of service to pupils qualifying for their examination, as well as a useful addition to school literature in general. This little volume is believed to be the simplest

Questions is intended to exercise the learner in applying for himself the principles and methods of Book-Keeping, as explained in the best systematic treatises, and especially as exemplified in the Author's two other works on the same subject, viz. his Questions and Answers on Book-Keeping, and his Solutions of Civil Service Questions in Arithmetic and Book-keeping. This brief manual may be used in connexion with any systematic treatise; and it has been so planned as to lead the pupil gradually, from his earliest efforts to place the simplest commercial transaction on record, to some of the most difficult trials of skill which candidates at recent public examinations have undergone. The EXERCISES will therefore be found in some parts introductory and in others supplementary to the two other works above referred to.

THIS

An English Grammar specially intended for Classical Schools and Private Students. By EDWARD HIGGINSON, Author of a Prize Essay in 'The Educator,' &c. 12mo. pp. 220, price 2s. 6d. cloth. [August 20, 1864. HIS grammar is the result of a teacher's experience. For thirty years he has found himself obliged to omit or modify many of the usual contents of English grammars, and to supply He has now many things omitted by them. endeavoured to put his oral teaching into writing. The chief specialty of this grammar consists in the running comparison kept up between the usages of the English language and those of others now commonly learnt by young persons of liberal education. The Latin, French, and German most constantly, the Greek and Italian more occasionally, are set side by side with the English for parallelism or contrast, with a view to mutual illustration and to the attainment of the principles of general, if not universal, grammar.

The subject is treated throughout as a matter of common sense, neither mysterious nor technical. The cases of nouns (so difficult in English because so incomplete) are made intelligible by the simple plan of considering nouns and pronouns together. Verbs are distinguished into transitive and intransitive, and the former have both an active and a passive voice. They are further classed on the natural system as verbs of the old (or AngloSaxon) and of the new (or regular) formation. Their moods and tenses are set in parallel columns with those of the Latin and French, with mutual advantage to the explanation of the three languages. The mystery of Shall and Will is thoroughly investigated. The derivation and formation of words by prefixes and affixes is explained, and the syntax greatly simplified. Hints are given on English composition, tending to the formation of a clear and forcible style. A chapter on English Prosody includes an estimate of the recent experiments made in Hexameters and other classical metres.

A New Work, intitled 'Last Winter in Rome ' and other Italian Cities,' by C. R. WELD, Author of The Pyrenees, West and East,' &c. will be ready in October, in 1 vol. illustrated by wood engravings from the Author's sketches, and by a Portrait of STELLA,' a celebrated Roman model. The greater part of this work will be occupied with an account of Rome in its social, domestic, and political aspects; followed by particulars of a visit to Naples and other towns now included in the dominions of the King of Italy. In Rome the Author had the advantage of residing with an Italian family, which opened to him sources of information not generally accessible to tourists and travellers. Useful information will be added from authentic sources, confirmed by the Author's experience, of the expenses incident to a winter's residence in Rome.

A New Volume of RELIGIOUS POETRY, entitled 'Lyra Mystica: Hymns and Verses on Sacred Subjects, 'Ancient and Modern,' edited by the Rev. ORBY SHIPLEY, M.A. is in the press. This Collection of Sacred Poetry will form a Companion Volume to the new edition of Lyra Eucharistica and to Lyra Messianica, and will be published in the course of November. It will consist chiefly of original Poems, and of translations of Sacred Latin Poetry, hitherto unattempted in English. The Contributors will include most of those writers who contributed to the former volumes, together with some additional and able coadjutors. The subjects treated in LYRA MYSTICA will

be similar in character to those which were illustrated in the LYRA MESSIANICA, but with a wider scope: and the Poems will be in general of greater length, and less in the form of Hymns than in the latter Work. A small selection of pieces from Books out of print and of Poems from lately published Works will be added.

SUPPLEMENT to the CHORALE BOOK for ENGLAND. In the Autumn will appear a New Edition, being the Fourth, of the Chorale Book for England,' to which will be appended a new SUPPLEMENT of English Hymns and Tunes-the Hymns selected by Miss C. WINKWORTH-the Tunes, chiefly English, compiled and arranged by Professor W. S. BENNETT and by OTTO GOLDSCHMIDT. This SUPPLEMENT has been devised to supply a want felt by Ministers who desire to introduce the Chorale Book' into congregational use, but are unwilling to deprive their congregation of their native and accustomed psalmody. It will, therefore, consist of fifty of the best English HYMNS, of which the greater number will be set to standard English tunes. The remainder, being in metres difficult or impossible to adapt to English tunes, will be set to appropriate German chorales; following in this respect the example of the best recent English hymn-books. Care will be taken to include in both divisions only Hymns and Tunes of real merit, but also to exclude none of those few which from old association have become popular and favourite in English quires and other places where sacred song is practised as an act of vocal worship.

The NEW TESTAMENT of our Lord and Saviour JESUS CHRIST, illustrated with ENGRAVINGS on WOOD from the OLD MASTERS.-A New Edition of this work will be published early in November, in One Volume, crown 4to. price £3 38. in an appropriate cloth cover. gilt at top; or price £5 5s. elegantly bound in morocco, Previously to the publication of this work, the skill of the Printer and the art of the Wood-Engraver had not been applied to the production of the New Testament in a form representing the perfection of which these arts are capable; and the endeavour to accomplish this object occupied much time and involved a large expenditure.

The first, or Large Paper, Edition (price ten guineas) was strictly limited to 250 copies; and as these were all sold immediately on publication, in December last -many of them at a considerably enhanced price,there is reason to believe that the work was highly appreciated, and was considered not unworthy of the object with which it was undertaken.

These circumstances have led the Publishers to provide for the larger demand which may be expected for the volume in a less expensive form, and at a more moderate price, although without any diminution of illustration or ornament.

The Volume will contain the whole of the New Testament, with the numerous Engravings on Wood. from designs of

The Ornamentation of this Work is taken from the Italian School of Art, and the chief Picture-subjects are, with two exceptions, from Italian Masters.

Each page is decorated with Borders, Ornaments, or Initial Letters, copied from the finest Italian manuscripts of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and numerous Medallions are introduced in the margins. The Work has been produced under the general superintendence of Mr. HENRY SHAW, F.S.A.

The small Medallion picture-subjects introduced in the margins are either of general or particular application. Those of general application are chiefly from the pictures of Raphael-such as his Holy Families, his figures of Faith, Hope, and Charity, and his heads of Christ and his Apostles in the Disputa,' and in his cartoon of St. Paul preaching at Athens.'

་

As an example of the more particular application of the marginal subjects may be mentioned-the first border of the Gospel of St. Matthew, at page 3, in which will be found, at the top of the page, the figure of an Angel as the emblem of St. Matthew; at the

sides, the figures of Abraham and David, as progenitors of our Lord; and at the bottom, the Dove with the Olive-branch are emblematic of the Gospel of Christ as the message of Salvation to man.

Medallion marginal illustrations are also taken from the Old Testament subjects in Raphael's Bible. These are not placed indiscriminately, but have reference to the chapters in which they are found. Thus, at page 15, the Temptation of Adam is placed in connection with the Temptation of our Lord. At page 23, The Worship of the Golden Calf and Moses destroying the Tables, illustrates the verse 24, Ye cannot serve God and mammon.' At page 25, 'Moses striking the Rock,' refers to verse 7, Ask, and it shall be given to you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.' At page 55, Esau selling his Birthright,' refers to verse 26, 'What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ? '

It is believed that the connexion between the marginal subjects and the text will be sufficiently obvious without further explanation.

' ROME, ANCIENT and MEDIEVAL, being a His'tory of the City from its Foundation to the Sixteenth "Century of the Christian Era,' by THOMAS H. Dyer, Author of the article on Rome in Dr. W. SMITH'S 'Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography,'— is preparing for publication, to form one volume octavo. It is exactly a century since GIBBON projected a History of the decline and fall of the Roman capital. The genius of the illustrious historian was fortunately diverted from a task which requires only some reading and a good deal of industry, to the more congenial theme of describing the decline and fall of the Roman empire. A complete history of the city of Rome remains, nevertheless, a desideratum in English literature. An account of the mere stones and monuments of Rome may not be without its value. The rise, progress, and decline of the city afford no obscure illustration of the fortunes of its inhabitants; while the fact that ROME has been successively the capital of the Pagan and of the Christian world, lends a twofold interest to the subject. On the description of the changes by which this transition was marked, particular care will be bestowed.

In that portion of the forthcoming work which is devoted to ANCIENT ROME, the Author will attempt to connect the account of the city with the manners and customs of the ancient inhabitants, and to impart interest to the more celebrated places of Rome and its vicinity by descriptions of the scenes of which they were the theatre. It is not, however, proposed to enter into the political history of Rome any further than may be necessary to illustrate the history of the city. Nor is it intended to discuss the intricate and much disputed questions of Roman topography. The probable topography will be assumed to be that which the Author of the work now announced has previously described in his article ROMA in Dr. Smith's Dictionary of Ancient Geography;' unless, indeed, in the course of his further researches, he should find reason to alter his opinion on any points.