were prepared by him for publication in the winter of 1862, and important additions in the form of an APPENDIX have been made to several of the Essays. Although many years have passed since some of these papers were first published, there is probably not one which will fail to interest all readers whose attention is fixed on the aspect of the political world. The APPENDIX to the first Essay, which examines the national characteristics and temper of France, America, and Britain, expresses Mr. SENIOR'S judgment on the great struggle between the American States. The second Essay, on the Law of Nations, with especial reference to the obstacles which retard the progress of international law, is followed by an Appendix treating of the courses of conduct pursued by Sardinia, France, and the United States, in Italy and America; while the fourth Essay comprises and contrasts the American States with the German Zollverein. In other chapters Mr. SENIOR gives an account of the disputes connected with the territory of Oregon; of the working of the English poor laws in the three several stages through which they have passed; and of the nature and objects of combinations and strikes among workmen. The third chapter reviews the Political Philosophy' of Lord BROUGHAM; the eighth and ninth, which examine the works of Sir CORNEWALL LEWIS on Dependencies, and on Authority in Matters of Opinion, have an additional interest as expressing the opinion of an impartial judge on one of the most eminent of historical critics. The last chapter, on Oxford and Mr. WARD,' still retains its interest in connexion with one of the most important subjects which are now attracting the attention of the public generally. THE The Works of the late Sir Benjamin Brodie, Bart. D.C.L. Serjeant-Surgeon to the Queen, President of the Royal Society, &c. Collected and arranged by CHARLES HAWKINS, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Pp. 2,084; with Medallion Portrait and Autograph. 3 vols. 8vo. price 488. cloth. [February 28, 1865. THE first volume of this collection contains an Autobiography of the Author, in which will be found notices of King GEORGE the FOURTH, Sir JOSEPH BANKS, Mr. BRANDE, Lord CAMPBELL, Dr. CHAMBERS, Mr. CLIFT, Dr. CRAWFORD, Sir HUMPHRY DAVY, Lord DENMAN, Sir HENRY HALFORD, Lord HOLLAND, Sir WILLIAM KNIGHTON, Mr. LAWRENCE, Dr. MATON, Sir THOMAS PLUMMER, Sir JOHN STODDART, Dr. YOUNG, and others; with recollections of the Royal and other Societies: Psychological Inquiries- being a series of Essays เ 'intended to illustrate the mutual relations of the physical organisation and the mental faculties, and the physical and moral history of man: the Hunterian Oration delivered at the College of Surgeons: Four Addresses to the Students of St. George's Hospital: also the Addresses delivered as President of the Royal Society, the Ethnological Society, and the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science: and an article from the Quarterly Review on Quackery. The Second and Third Volumes contain all the rest of the Author's published works,-his Pathological and Surgical Observations on the Urinary Organs, on Diseases of the Joints, &c.; the Papers he communicated to the Royal Society, to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, and to other Societies; a Course of Lectures delivered at St. George's Hospital; and some Pathological and Surgical Observations, left in manuscript, on which he was engaged at the time of his death. A Treatise on the Sanitary Management and Utilisation of Sewage: comprising Details of a System applicable to Cottages, DwellingHouses, Public Buildings, and Towns; also Suggestions relating to the Arterial Drainage of the Country, and the Water Supply of Rivers. By WILLIAM MENZIES, DeputySurveyor of Windsor Forest and Parks. Pp. 98; with 9 Plates of Drawings on Stone. Imperial 8vo. price 12s. 6d. cloth. [February 3, 1864. THE subject treated in the present work is one of national importance, and it is the Author's hope that the system which he advocates will meet all the objections and difficulties which have been forcibly urged in the Report of the Committee appointed by the House of Commons to investigate the different schemes proposed for the disposal of the sewage of London. In the fifteen years during which the Crown property at Windsor has been under his care, he has made many experiments, and had frequent opportunities of hearing the PRINCE CONSORT express his views on a subject to which he had given earnest attention. All the plans suggested in this volume have been put into practice in detail (with but one exception), some in one place and some in another; and the descriptions, illustrated by the drawings, are so clear that all may understand, and, if they think fit, carry out the same plans elsewhere. Much, it must be admitted, remains yet undiscovered; but a real advance is secured, if the Author has, as he trusts, succeeded in enabling the reader to understand not only the principles on which he has acted, but the reason why so many schemes have failed, and the means by which the difficulties involved in those schemes may be overcome. List of the Illustrations. 1. Sketch of Wood or Coal Shed with Privy and Ashpit adjoining. 2. Method of ventilating Water-Closet. 3. Improved Method of constructing Water-Closets in large Establishments to avoid Hay and Straw, &c., passing into the Drains. 4. Plan showing Method of flushing and ventilating Soil-pipe. 5. Plan for filtering Rain Water. 6. Plan showing Principle upon which Sewage Filter may be constructed. 7. Sketch showing Method of Irrigation. 8. Plan showing double System of Drainage as adapted to a Town. 9. Plan showing the Method of utilising the Sewage of a Suburban District. A Treatise on Drill and Manœuvres of Cavalry combined with Horse Artillery. By MajorGeneral MICHAEL W. SMITH, C.B. Commanding the Poonah Division of the Bombay Army; late of the Fifteenth Hussars and Third Dragoon Guards. 8vo. pp. 364, price 12s. 6d. cloth. [February 27, 1865. THE subjects of this Treatise had long occupied the attention of the Author; but his services during the Crimean War, and subsequently during the suppression of the Indian Mutiny, did not allow of his completing his MS. until the year 1860. The Cavalry movements have not yet been altered to meet the requirements of rifled arms. Author, who practically tested his theories when commanding the Bashi Bazouks, analyses the present systems, especially those of England and France, and not only points out their defects, but proposes the remedies. He desires to introduce a system far more simple and easily acquired than the present, but yet admitting of greater accuracy and rapidity of movement. He would especially abolish the law of pivots, which he clearly proves to be both cumbrous and unnecessary. Among many other improvements, he strongly advocates the rank-entire system, and proposes the substitution of direct for oblique échelons. The better combination of Artillery with Cavalry is kept in view throughout, and a special chapter is devoted to that subject. The movements are illustrated by DIAGRAMS, and in an APPENDIX the correctness of the facts asserted is mathematically proved.-The volume is dedicated by permission to Field-Marshal H.R.H. the DUKE of CAMBRIDGE, Commanding-in-Chief. Outline Sketches of the High Alps of Dauphiné. By T. G. BONNEY, M.A. F.G.S. Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge; Member of the Alpine Club. Pp. 68; with 22 Sketches engraved on 13 Plates, and a coloured Route Map of the Dauphiné Alps. Post 4to. price 16s. cloth. [Jan. 3, 1865. THE group of mountains occupying the angle between the upper parts of the valleys of the Romanche and the Durance, although close to one of the high roads leading into PIEDMONT, is an unknown land to most travellers. Its attractions, however, are in reality very great; for, although its peaks are surpassed in height by those of the Pennine chain, and its ice-fields less extensive than those of the Oberland, it has many summits above 12,000 feet, and more than one hundred glaciers, several of which are of considerable size. Its chief charm is the wild and almost fantastic character of the scenery. Nowhere perhaps in the ALPS can a greater number of jagged crêtes, of towering pinnacles, of lofty precipices, be seen gathered together. The valleys in many parts are mere ravines, from which the mountains rise almost vertically for thousands of feet, draped here and there with festoons of ice. The greater portion of this district has been explored, and its principal summits sketched by the Author, who, encouraged by several of the leading members of the ALPINE CLUB, has prepared the present volume, containing a selection from his sketches executed in outline, with a short descriptive text; which he hopes will form a tolerably complete memoir on this interesting group of mountains. How We Spent the Summer; or, a 'Voyage en Zigzag' in Switzerland and the Tyrol, with some Members of the ALPINE CLUB. From the Sketch-Book of one of the Party. Oblong 4to. on 43 Plates, comprising about 300 Illustrations, price 10s. 6d. boards. [December 22, 1864. THIS HIS volume, consisting of upwards of 300 sketches of incidents of travel, scenery, and costumes, with a few lines descriptive of each subject, is intended to form an illustrated record of a journey through Central and Eastern Switzerland, and a portion of the Tyrol, during July and August of last year. Whilst disclaiming anything like rivalry with such works as The Foreign Tour of Messrs. BROWN, JONES, and ROBINSON,' or the 'Voyages en Zigzag' of TOEPFFER, and pretending neither to the facetiousness of the one nor the admirable humour and descriptions of the other, it may serve to revive pleasant recol lections of similar adventures in those who have already made the experiment, as well as induce others to repeat the attempt, by showing what may be accomplished by a combined party of mountaineers, and active and enterprising ladies. An outline map enables the route to be followed with all needful minuteness, and includes the excursions of the climbers; whilst the short descriptions beneath each sketch will render the whole sufficiently intelligible to the general reader. The series commences with the start from London, and proceeds viâ Paris, Neuchâtel, Berne, the Oberland, Canton Unterwalden, Lucerne, Canton Glarus, Chur, the Albula Pass, the Ober-Engadine, the Bernina Pass, the Valtelline, Bormio, the southern side of the Orteler Alps, the Stelvio Pass, the Valley of the Adige, the Ofen Pass, Pontresina, the Davos Thal, Prättigau, Rhein Thal, and Lake of Constance, and finally terminates with the departure from Zurich on the homeward journey. Village Life in Switzerland. By SOPHIA DUBERLY DELMARD. Post 8vo. pp. 334, price 98. 6d. cloth. [January 13, 1865. HIE Author has been induced to add another THE to the many works recently published on Switzerland, by the belief that the circumstances of her sojourn in that country have enabled her to supply information which may be at once new and acceptable to English travellers. Having lived for three years in a secluded Swiss village, she has become thoroughly acquainted with the manners and habits of the country people; and as she is not aware that any other writer has treated of Swiss life exclusively as it exists in the villages and hamlets scattered among the Alps, she has thought that a brief record of her impressions may have an interest for the English public. residence with a Roman family gave him facilities not usually within the reach of English travellers— to describe its moral and social state, the position of its rulers, the relations of the laity and the priesthood, the condition of popular education, the use or neglect of the physical resources of the country, and other subjects of interest and importance. A subsequent journey to Naples and other towns now included in the dominions of the King of Italy has led him to dwell more at length on the present state and the probable fortunes of the Italian kingdom, and on the policy to be pursued with regard to the Venetian and Roman questions. But while he has been anxious to omit no topics on which his countrymen might wish to have information, and on which he felt himself able to form a judgment, he has also endeavoured to make his book practically useful to those who may intend to visit Rome, by stating accurately the expenses incident to a residence in that city, and giving all particulars relating to its winter climate, about which it is one of the traveller's first duties to tell a plain unvarnished tale. Tuscan Sculptors, their Lives, Works, and Times. With 45 Etchings and 28 Engravings on Wood from Original Drawings and Photographs. By CHARLES C. PERKINS. 2 vols. imperial 8vo. pp. 602, price 63s. cloth. [January 4, 1865. THE subject of Italian sculpture is much less known and studied than that of Italian painting. The masterpieces of the latter are to be found in the galleries of Europe; those of the former are to be sought chiefly in scattered churches and palaces in Italy, where they are seldom so placed as to attract the attention of any but careful observers. So again, while books on Italian painting are many, there are few treatises on Italian sculpture. Of these the works of CICOGNARA and AGINCOURT are not attractive to the general reader or satisfactory to the student, while the delightful volumes of M. Rio and Lord LINDSAY treat of sculpture partially, and from an exclusive point of view. The present work, it is hoped, may in part fill the space thus left vacant in the literature of art. It is confined to the schools of Tuscany; those of Northern, Southern, and Eastern Italy the Author purposes to examine in a future volume. In the introductory chapter of the present work he has taken a general survey of ancient Italian Sculpture among the Etruscans, Romans, and Early Christians, down to the commencement of the thirteenth century, which marks the revival of Italian Art. This view of the history of sculpture in Italy, and of its condition before the time of NICCOLA PISANO, will enable the reader to appreciate the immense services rendered by that great artist, with the story of whose life the history of Tuscan Sculpture begins. The biography of NICCOLA PISANO, including historical notices of his times, with particular descriptions of his works, is followed by similar notices of his scholars and successors. The second volume, taking up the history with the career of MICHEL ANGELO, brings it to the time of GIAN BOLOGNA. The Author has resided long in Italy, and undertaken many journeys for the special purpose of seeing all the works mentioned in the text, and of making drawings or causing photographs to be taken, which may show the progressive history of the Art from its rise to its decline. istory of therefore, with some hope of treating his subject usefully and with completeness, undertaken the task of doing for Italian sculpture what has been copiously done by many recent writers for Italian painting. This task has of late become more practicable, as the researches of eminent Italian and foreign scholars have rendered available a mass of new biographical and critical materials, besides correcting many errors propagated by VASARI, BALDINUCCI, and others, and repeated by more recent writers. The ILLUSTRATIONS will, it is believed, enable the reader to understand the differences in sentiment, technical excellence or inferiority, between the various Artists from whose works they are taken a most important point (it will hardly be disputed) in any literary work which aims at conveying an idea of what has been actually done in any phase of Art, but one which in book illustrations is not invariably kept in view. Elihu Jan's Story; or, the Private Life of an Eastern Queen. By WILLIAM KNIGHTON, LL.D. Assistant-Commissioner in Oudh; Author of Private Life of an Eastern King,' 'Village Life in Oudh,' &c. Post 8vo. pp. 218, price 78. 6d. cloth. [Jan. 21, 1865. THIS tale illustrates the private life of the during the reign which was closed by the annexation of Oudh to the British dominions. ELIHU JAN is no fictitious character. Having been for many years hookahattendant to the Queen of Oudh, she became, after the mutiny, an ayah (or nurse) in the household of Mr. JOHANNES, a wealthy merchant of Lucknow, and subsequently entered the service of the Author, who, having done all that he could to verify her accounts, fully believes the truth of her story. Her position in the palace gave her ample opportunity of becoming acquainted with practices and secrets which were sedulously kept from the knowledge of the public beyond its precincts; and A country. Although nearly twelve years have passed since his last appearance in England, and during that time a vast number of distinguished foreign artists have been welcomed by the English public, the name of SPOHR has lost nothing by its comparison with others; and there are, doubtless, thousands who were present at the performance of his oratorios, and at his concerts in Norwich and in London, for whom the story of his life will have an interest. But it is not always, or even often the case, that the interest excited by the professional career of a distinguished artist is heightened by the narrative of his private life; nor could the admirers of SPоHR as a musician have known that a character singularly amiable, and a life singularly noble and self-sacrificing, was combined with his genius as a composer. good Autobiography is a rarity, and few men have done more than relate some small portion of their personal history; but the present volume contains the narrative of SPOHR's life, written by himself, for a period of more than fifty years. It may, without fear, be left to speak for itself. To all who read it, it will reveal a character thoroughly pure and estimable in all the relations of life. This Autobiography, more remarkable even for its unaffected simplicity than for its fulness and minuteness of detail, comes to an end with the month of June 1838. But, although SPOHR Was in vain urged to resume it, the notes, letters, and journals in possession of his wife were by her placed, in accordance with suggestions made by him, at the disposal of some members of the family who undertook, by means of extracts, without any pretence to literary skill, and with the simple unadorned truthfulness of SPOHR'S own narrative, to carry out the history of his life to the end. The chapters thus added may be regarded therefore as not less trustworthy than the Autobiography. They profess to do no more than relate the last incidents in the closing years of a life, for which any minute analysis of character is altogether unnecessary. History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe. By W. E. H. LECKY, M.A. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 940, price 25s. cloth. [January 28, 1865. THE THE object of this work is to trace the history of that movement of thought, which, during the last few centuries, has been continually restricting the influence of theology upon the world, and has at the same time made theology more and more the expression of the voice of conscience. The Author believes that the causes of religious changes are to be found much less in the controversies that immediately preceded them, than in a predisposition arising out of the intellectual condition of the time, and in the formation of which innumerable philosophical, political, social, and literary agencies concurred. Among the many subjects which he has endeavoured to interweave in his history will be found witchcraft, the miracles of the saints, Christian art, the relations of physical science and theology, religious terrorism, persecution, the philosophies of BACON and DESCARTES, the secularisation of politics, the rise of democracy, the influence of the industrial spirit, and the tendencies of political economy. That the history of speculative opinions should be regarded as a normal evolution, and that every important change in one department is usually preceded by a general modification of the intellectual condition of society, have long been regarded as cardinal tenets by that positive school, which, during the present century, has done so much to create a philosophy of history. The present work will, however, be found to differ widely from most of those which have emanated from that question, in the prominent place which it concedes to individual exertion, in its full recognition of the reality and importance of moral progress, and in its vindication of the position of Christianity as the chief agent by which that progress is effected. Essays and Reviews. The Twelfth Edition. Fcp. 8vo. pp. 536, priee 5s. cloth. Ν [February 28, 1865. IN this edition of the Essays and Review's those portions of the volume on which the Eccle siastical Proceedings were founded in the cases of theBISHOP of SALISBURY v. WILLIAMS,' and of FENDALL V. WILSON,' are distinguished by inverted commas. It will thus serve as a permanent record of the practical issue of those suits. The selection of the passages impugned was of course made by the Prosecutions. In some instances, inconsiderable extracts, or phrases not admitting of illustration from other parts of the respective Essays, were brought before the Court. In others, very large extracts were made, presenting the amplest material for ascertaining the Authors' meaning, and for forming a Judgment. This was especially the case on the two subjects which have attracted the greatest public attention-that concerning the remedial character of punishments in the world to come, and concerning the various, though connected questions, touching the genuineness and authenticity, the textual criticism, the figurative or ideal interpretation of Scripture, its miraculous or non-miraculous inspiration, and the character of its prophecies. The Promoters of the Prosecutions may be presumed to have availed themselves of the highest legal ability in the framing of the charges, and in the arguments adduced in their support. But after being subjected to an ordeal unprecedented, it is believed, either in the literary or judicial history of the Church of England, nothing could be found in the passages now pointed out to the reader contradictory or repugnant to the Articles of Religion or the Formularies. They may, therefore, be taken as supplying a fair measure of the liberty of opinion and publication allowable to clergymen of the Church of England on the subjects of which they treat. Essays on Religion and Literature, viz. Inaugural Discourse of H.E. Cardinal WISEMAN. Catholic Religion in England. By H. E, The Action of the Church upon Art and On the Birthplace of S. Patrick. By J. CASHEL HOEY. The Position of a Catholic Minority in a NonCatholic Country. By FREDERICK Oakeley, M.A. On Bishop Colenso's Objections to the Veracity of Holy Writ. By FRANCIS HENRY LAING. The Truth of supposed Legends and Fables. By Cardinal WISEMAN. Christianity in Relation to Civil Society (Two Essays). By EDWARD LUCAS. Edited by H. E. MANNING, D.D. 8vo. pp. 392, price 10s. 6d. cloth. [Jan. 21, 1865. THIS volume consists of a series of papers read consists of the Academy of the Catholic Religion, which was established in Loudon in 1861, in connexion with the Academia in Rome. The latter society was instituted at the beginning of the present century, for the encouragement of studies bearing on the relations of science and revealed religion, and thereby applying |