other changes incident to the organization of State boards of examiners. They brought with them practically the same uniform requirements for the smallest and least pretentious as for the largest endowed institutions, the same entrance examinations, same length of study, same fees. Side by side with this uniformity of requirements mark the difference in opportunities, fancied or real, but nevertheless powerful in detrmining rsults. The inevitably more limited clinical facilities and laboratory equipments will militate against the small college, not to speak of the inspiration of numbers, the eclat of contact with the greatest minds at the greatest endowed institutions, which is almost irresistible to youth.

Another powerful factor in bringing about these changes is the legitimate outcome of these scientific researches on the one hand and the practical worthlessness of ordinary old-school drugging on the other. These lead to the vast expansion and growth of the broad field of therapeutics outside the limits of homeopathy. Our own territory remains the same, and we have cultivated and perfected it, but relatively it is now a much smaller domain than it was to Hahnemann and his school down to our generation. Only within the last twenty years has its domain apparently shrunken by the gradual introduction of extrahomeopathic measures, some of them of great therapeutic importance. I need only recall only the most recent addition of light therapeutics, the scientific development of exercise, dietetics, electricity, suggestive therapeutics, etc., not to speak of the vast growth of surgery and mechanical therapeutics all vying with each other as effective agents for the cure of disease. And they are effective, and remember many of them did not exist at the time of Hahnemann and early homeopathy. And lastly we have also the changed attitude of the old school to homeopathy from the aggressive opposition of the past to present-day tolerance and patronizing condescension at least as manifested among the leaders of that school.

With these facts in view, the homeopathic colleges everywhere, but especially the smaller, are indeed surrounded with grave difficulties that threaten their very existence, and I believe with the smaller ones, unless means are found to keep up the classes, ultimate extinction. How can we meet the difficulty?

Teach the doctrines we must, and on present lines it seems that we cannot long continue. What remains?

Those of our schools that are connected with state universities, like Ann Arbor, Iowa, Minnesota, etc., are, of course, not affected, and it would seem to be a logical course to pursue to enlarge the number of these state institutions, get our several schools to seek affiliation and thus become a part of the state universities, to seek which course we have every political right as taxpayers and citizens of the commonwealth. But those who have experience will tell us, when they are in a confidential mood, that the relation of the two schools on the campus is far from ideal and leaves much to be desired. At best our men feel themselves isolated. Be that as it may, the proper and only permanent affiliation to my mind is the one that, so for as I know, has not been tried unless it has been thought of in the early days of Ann Arbor, namely, to make the study of homeopathy obligatory on every medical student of the university; thus an integral part in the medical department of every state endowed university. This, if it could be realized, would at one stroke do away with the need of our separate existence and our special schools and journals. If every student were thus compelled to study homeopathy, theoretical and applied, and pass an examination in it as much as in any other branch, homeopathy would have gotten its rightful place among the medical sciences. Until this ideal is reached, we still must work along other lines.

Failing in this, we have another course, perhaps equally quixotic at present, but surely realizable in the near future in some quarters. In our larger cities, New York, Philadelphia, and let us hope in others, our schools already established ought to be able to have sufficient influence and wealthy adherents to become endowed institutions. I believe this is already the fact to some extent both in New York and Philadelphia. That, of course, is the ideal solution to be sought, and would place these institutions on a par with any old school or state endowed college devoted to the interest of a higher medical education, interpreted, expressed and ensoulde with homeopathy. These institutions would become medical universities indeed, leading all the rest. It is to such favored schools that we must look in future for the perfect and complete development of our teaching fac

ulties, for original research and the continued upbuilding of our materia medica and our distinctive art.

But there is still a number of small, struggling schools, that have done good work in the past, but their future is seriously threatened by inability to fulfill their mission, since, as we have seen, the greater laboratory demands, enlarged curriculum, paid professorships especially, and at the same time decrease in student number, make them financial failures. Say what you will, sooner or later this fact will settle their continued existence. I see but two possible solutions. Let the small college resolve itself into a post-graduate school of homeopathy. Retain, enlarge, develop our own distinctive field alone. No longer try to compete with other medical schools in making doctors, but offer post graduate instruction in the principles and practice of homeopathy to graduates in medicine. Released from competition, we could center on this, our own specialty, marshal our best men, pay them, if you please, and thereby demand and command the best service in developing the art of philosophy and homeopathy. Small number to attend your course? Of course the number will be comparatively few. But, few or many, what a satisfaction to teach real seekers after truth, and what strength to the school of such trained men. See what this method has done for Europe, especially England. Her homeopathists are of the most virile type, scientific men, thoroughly imbued with the loyal faith based on rational understanding of our principles. What I mean is excellently set forth in this year's summer post-graduate course, consisting of lectures and clinical demonstrations at the London Homeopathic Hospital. It is just such a school as some of our colleges could be turned into and save thereby from dissipation the past excellent work do the best thing to keep alive the knowledge of the principles and practice of our art.

So far as our school on the coast is concerned, the only other course open to it is to become the foster-child of the whole homeopathic profession on the coast through its representative bodies, the state societies of California, Oregon and Washington, shifting the responsibility for its continued existence where it rightly belongs, from the few willing workers to the many. The college, and for that matter its journal, are not institutions of a certain set of men; they are and ought to be, in very deed, institutions of the whole school of the Pacific coast. They are the heart and

lungs of the homeopathic man. They give life to the school, and inturn they must derive their life, their means for existence, financial, and certainly the supply of students, from the school as a whole. The Hahnemann College of the Pacific is your college, is and ought to be, as its very name indicates, the college of the Pacific states. This view places the responsibility for its continual existence exactly where it belongs. We must look to every man and woman practicing homeopathy on this coast, and to our representative bodies, the state and local societies, for needful support.

And what do I mean by needful support? Bring to the college, first of all, the constant supply of students. Some of us have woefully failed in this. Our very apathy in this direction. is the chief cause of the lack of growth of our colleges in numbers of students. We have never been alive to our duty in this matter; our indifference has almost assumed the aspect of opposition. How else can we interpret the fact that the sons of our teachers and leaders often are sent elsewhere, aye, not even to homeopathic colleges. There must be a complete change of attitude on the part of the individual physician and whole local profession to its local schools and journal. They must assume functions and responsibilities that they hitherto ignored. Are we willing and ready to do it?

If this were done faithfully nothing more would be required in the way of material aid. The college would then seek more than ever and welcome supervising interest in its work and teaching faculties such as would tend to bring about the best results for the cause. But neglect to supply such a student body means defective usefulness and outside financial sources for covering losses entailed. I hold that individually and collectively as societies we ought to hold ourselves ready to protect our colleges from such a calamity and be ready to shoulder all deficiencies. If we refuse to do this we relegate to a few, or to one or two ambitious men, the management of an institution that properly belongs to and represents the whole profession. We cannot permanently prosper on that line in these days of constantly increasing demands for larger and more complete equipments. Success in college work, these days, depends upon co-operation and the hearty support of the many; without these, permanent growth and ability to meet the demands of the times are out of the question-Pacific Coast Journal of Homeopathy.

KITTIE WALDO HIGGINS, M. D.

Early on Sunday morning, December 4, 1904, Kittie Waldo Higgins, M. D., passed from this world into the world beyond. For nearly seven weeks was she confined to her bed before the angel of death could conquer her undaunted spirit. She was born in Watertown, New York, in 1859. For ten years she was an honored resident of Denver. Her early medical education was received at the Denver Homeopathic College, but owing to the personal animosities of one of the faculty, she left at the close of her junior year, and after a year spent at the Denver University, a year which made her a stronger homeopath than ever, she went to Dunham, where she graduated with the class of 1901. She was a member of the Colorado Homeopathic Society. Her absence is mourned by her aged mother, resident in Watertown, and by her husband, Frank W. Higgins, and one son, Berton F. At the time of her demise her son was in the A. Van der Naillen School of Engraving in San Francisco completing the course of civil engineering. Though near graduation with honors, yet as soon as his mother's condition turned for the worst he started for home, reaching here the morning of the 5th. Funeral services were held by Rev. David Utter, at Rogers' Chapel, on the 7th, after which the body was removed to Riverside and cremated.

C.

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