A READY-REFERENCE CALENDAR. For ascertaining any day of the week for any given time within two hundred years from the introduction of the New Style, *1752 to 1952 inclusive. Monday 1 5 1 Tuesday..... 1 Wednesday. 1 Thursday 1 Friday.. 1 Saturday.... 1 SUNDAY... Tuesday. 2 Wednesday. 2 Thursday ... 2 Friday 2 Saturday.. 2 SUNDAY... 2 Monday..... 2 Wednesday. 3 Thursday... 3 Friday 3 Saturday 3 SUNDAY... 3 Monday.. 3 Tuesday 8 Thursday.. 4 Friday 4 Saturday.... 4 SUNDAY... 4 Monday... 4 Tuesday.... 4 Wednesday. 4 Friday Saturday 5 SUNDAY... 5 Monday 5 Tuesday 5 Wednesday. 5 Thursday... 5 Saturday.... 6 SUNDAY... 6 Monday..... 6 Tuesday. 6 Wednesday. 6 Thursday 6 Friday 6 SUNDAY... 7 Monday.... 7 Tuesday 7 Wednesday. 7 Thursday... 7 Friday 7 Saturday.... 7 Monday. 8 Tuesday 8 Wednesday. 8 Thursday 8 Friday.. 8 Saturday.... 8 SUNDAY... 8 Tuesday 9 Wednesday. 9 Thursday... 9 Friday....... 9 Saturday.... 9 SUNDAY... 9 Monday..... 9 Wednesday.10 Thursday...10 Friday ...10 Saturday....10 SUNDAY...10 Monday.....10 Tuesday....10 Thursday. .11 Friday ..11 Saturday....11 SUNDAY...11 Monday. ..11 Tuesday ..11 Wednesday.11 Friday ..12 Saturday...12 SUNDAY...12 Monday.....12 Tuesday ...12 Wednesday.12 Thursday...12 Saturday....13 SUNDAY....13 Monday.....13 Tuesday....13 Wednesday.13 Thursday....13 Friday......13 SUNDAY...14 Monday.....14 Tuesday....14 Wednesday.14 Thursday 14 Friday ..14 Saturday....14 Monday.....15 Tuesday....15 Wednesday.15 Thursday...15 Friday... ..15 Saturday....15 SUNDAY...15 Tuesday....16 Wednesday.16 Thursday...16 Friday 16 Saturday....16 SUNDAY...16 Monday.....16 Wednesday.17 Thursday...17 Friday ......17 Saturday....17 SUNDAY...17 Monday. .17 Tuesday....17 Thursday..18 Friday......18 Saturday....18 SUNDAY...18 Monday.....18 Tuesday .18 Wednesday.18 Friday ..19 Saturday....19 SUNDAY...19 Monday.....19 Tuesday....19 Wednesday.19 Thursday...19 Saturday....20 SUNDAY...20 Monday.....20 Tuesday .20 Wednesday.20 Thursday...20 Friday.......20 SUNDAY...21 Monday.....21 Tuesday ....21 Wednesday.21 Thursday...21 Friday .21 Saturday....21 Monday.. 22 Tuesday....22 Wednesday.22 Thursday...22 Friday .22 Saturday....22 SUNDAY...22 Tuesday .23 Wednesday.23 Thursday...23 Friday 23 Saturday....23 SUNDAY...23 Monday.....23 Wednesday.24 Thursday...24 Friday... .24 Saturday ..24 SUNDAY...24 Monday.. .24 Tuesday....24 Thursday. 25 Friday 25 Saturday....25 SUNDAY....25 Monday .....25 Tuesday .25 Wednesday.25 Friday... ..26 Saturday. .26 SUNDAY...26 Monday. ..26 Tuesday .26 Wednesday.26 Thursday...26 Saturday...27 SUNDAY...27 Monday.....27 Tuesday ..27 Wednesday.27 Thursday...27 Friday.. SUNDAY...28 Monday.....28 Tuesday ..28 Wednesday.28 Thursday...28 Friday .28 Saturday...28 Monday 29 Tuesday .29 Wednesday.29 Thursday...29 Friday .29 Saturday .29 SUNDAY...29 Tuesday ..30 Wednesday.30 Thursday...30 Friday ..30 Saturday....30 SUNDAY....30 Monday.....30 Wednesday.31 Thursday...31 Friday......31 Saturday....31 SUNDAY...31 Monday.....31 Tuesday....31 NOTE-To ascertain any day of the week first look in the table for the year required and under the months are figures which refer to the corresponding figures at the head of the columns of days below. For example: To know on what day of the week July 4 was in the year 1895, in the table of years look for 1895, and in a parallel ..27 line, under July, is figure 1, which directs to column 1, in which it will be seen that July 4 falls on Thursday. *1752 same as 1772 from Jan. 1 to Sept. 2. From Sept. 14 to Dec. 31 same as 1780 (Sept. 3-13 were omitted).-This Calendar is from Whitaker's London Almanack, with some revisions. Scale of Magnitudes. 9234 EXPLANATION-The chart of the heavens shows all the bright stars and groups visible in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba and Hawaii. Stars of the third magnitude are sometimes shown in order to complete a figure. If a bright uncharted body be seen near the "ecliptic circle" it must be a planet. To locate the planets or moon refer to the tables "Position of Planets" and "Moon's Place" in the almanac pages, find the proper signs on the chart on the "ecliptic circle" and an inspection of that part of the heavens, comparing with the chart, will serve to identify the planet and all the surrounding objects. Of course there must be somewhat of distortion south of the equator, but not sufficient to be confusing or to prevert the use of the pointer system. For instance, an extension of the west side of the square of Pegasus three times as far south will come close to Fomalhaut. COPYRIGHTED 1908 BY B.H.&B.N.WRIGHT, DE LAND, FLA. Because of the earth's motion from west to east (opposite to the direction of the arrow in the chart), the stars rise 4m. earlier each day or 30m. per week, or 2h. a month. The chart shows the position at 9 p. m. Then if the position for any other hour be desired, as for 7 p. m., count back one month, or ahead one month for 11 p. m., and so on for any hour of the night. A circle described from the zenith on the "zenith circle" for the desired latitude with a radius of 90° (see graduated meridian) will show about what stars are above the horizon. Thus Capella is near the overhead (zenith) point on latitude 40° north Jan. 15, 9 p. m., as will be Algenib in the handle of the Big Dipper at 3 a. m. Then from Capella or Algenib all the surrounding visible groups can be identified. The "pointers," being 5° apart and always in sight, may be used as a convenient unit of measure; also when visible the Belt of Orion, Explanation: By the absolute scale of magnitudes stars brighter than Aldebaran and Altair are indicated by fractional or negative quantities, thus Vega 0.2 and Sirius -1.4. As the magnitudes increase the brilliancy decreases, each increase of a unit being equal to a decrease of about two and one-half in brightness. To ascertain when any star or constellation will be on the upper meridian add the number opposite in the column "For Meridian Passage" to the fig ures in the following table "Sidereal Noon," taking note whether such figure be "Morn." or "Eve." If Morn. and the sum is more than 12h. the result will be Eve. of same day; if "Eve." and the sum is more than 12h. the result will be Morn. of the next day. Having found the time of meridian passage, for the rising subtract and for the setting add the numbers opposite the star in the column headed "For Rising and Setting" and observe the direction as to Morn. and Eve. given for the meridian passage. Those marked (......) in the last columns are circumpolar and do hot rise or set in the latitude named in the head of that column. Stars having an asterisk (*) in the last columns are only to be seen in the far south and then when near the meridian, as the vapors of the horizon will prevent seeing them when they rise or set. To tell how high up from the nearest point of the horizon a star will be at its meridian passage, subtract the star's declination from 90° and if the result is less thar: the latitude of the place of the observer that star will neither rise nor set, but is circumpolar, and the difference between that result and the latitude shows the star's altitude above the north point of the horizon or below the southern horizon. Or (90°-Dec.) -lat. alt. or elevation of the star above the nearest point of the borizon at meridian passage for stars of a south. dec. Examples: Sidereal noon, Oct. 30, Fomalhaut "In Merid." col., 22:48 9:28 p. m. 12:16 0:16 a. m. of Nov. 1, the time of setting. Or by subtracting 4:16 p. m. rising. Fomalhaut dec., 30° s. 90°-30°, 60°-40°, 20°, Altitude of Fomalhaut in latitude 40° at its meridian passage. To measure celestial distances with the eye keep in mind that one-third of the distance from the zenith to the horizon is 30°. For smaller measurements use the "pointers" in the "big dipper," which are nearly 5° apart-a convenient celestial yardstick because always to be seen. In the case of a star whose dec. is such as to bring it nearer to the zenith than to a horizon at meridian passage, it will be more convenient to use its zenith distance as a means of locating it. The difference between the latitude and dec. is this zenith distance. If the dec. is greater than the latitude then such difference is to be counted northward, otherwise southward 'rom the zenith. FACTS ABOUT THE SUN AND PLANETS. Name. Sun Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune 31,900 1,781,900,000 30,687 34,800 2,791,600,000 60,181 The sun's surface is 12,000 and its volume 1,300,000 times that of the earth, but the mass is only 332,000 times as great and its density about one-quarter that of the earth. The force of gravity at the surface of the sun is twentyseven times greater than that at the surface of the earth. The sun rotates on its axis once in 25.3 days at the equator, but the time is longer at the higher latitudes, from which fact it is presumed that the sun is not solid, at least as to its surface. THE EARTH AND THE MOON. Earth-The equatorial diameter of the earth is 7,926.5 miles and the polar diameter 7,899.5 miles; equatorial circumference, 25,000. The linear ve locity of the rotation of the earth on its axis at the equator is 24,840 miles a day, or 1,440 feet a second; its velocity in its orbit around the sun is approximately nineteen miles per second, the length of the orbit being about 560,000,000 miles. The superficial area of the earth according to Encke, the astronomer, is 197,108,580 square miles, of which two-thirds is water and onethird land. The planetary mass is about 256,000,000 cubic miles. Moon-The moon has a diameter of 2,162 miles, a circumference of about 6,800 miles and a surface area of 14,685,000 square miles. Her mean distance from the earth is 238,840 miles. The volume of the moon is about 1-49th that of the earth and the density about 3 2-5 that of water. The time from new moon to new moon is 29 days 12 hours 44.05 minutes. The moon has no atmosphere and no water and is a dead world. Light travels at the rate of 186,300 miles per second. It requires 8 minutes and 8 seconds for light to come from the sun to the earth. SIDEREAL NOON OR MERIDIAN PASSAGE OF THE VERNAL EQUINOX. (For use in connection with star table. See note under same.) 21 SATURN b Southing Sets. F124 2414 2514 B48 245 JUPITER 2 Southing| Rises. Rises. Hour. Degs. H. II134 18+ 18+ 18+ 3 48 18+ 111 8666 XIX locate any of the above-named planets at any time. In the chart the right ascension is given in even hours by the roman numerals on the marginal circle and the parts of an hour can be easily estimated. The declination is given on the XIIth meridian, from which it will be easy to estimate with the eye the desired declination. Example: Venus on July 1 will be in R. A. III% and 15°+, which will be just south of the Pleiades, 7 stars or seven sisters |