origin of the word "mebus," he replied that THOMAS MALTON THE YOUNGER, 1748- Willibald living in the eighth century, not TAX ON ARMORIAL BEARINGS.-I' have read somewhere that Lord Beaconsfield, when engaged in proposing some modifica tions of taxation, is reported to have said, "All Europe will laugh at us if we support the British Constitution on footmen's hairpowder," and so the tax on hairpowder disappeared. Does not the tax on armorial PEARSON'S EDITIONS OF CHAPMAN'S, bearings belong to the same category as to HEYWOOD'S, AND DEKKER'S DRAMATIC origin? I cannot find any reference in WORKS.-Who edited these editions, and encyclopædias or elsewhere as to when this what is the estimate of them as to accuracy? tax originated. J. F. ROTTON. Savile Club, W. Godalming. The operation of this tax is certainly very disastrous from an antiquarian point of view. I have recently heard of several cases of persons possessing armorial bearings on their old furniture, plate, &c., going to the trouble of having them erased on account of this tax, or the fear of being prosecuted for its non-payment. G. J., F.S.A. SANIGAR SURNAME.-Can any of your readers tell me the derivation and meaning of this very uncommon name, and if there are any other people in the country who bear it? The only families in Bristol answering to it are all branches of our own. I did once, however, hear a rumour of PICKWICK: ORIGIN OF THE NAME.-Mr. some one in the vicinity of Cheltenham (a farmer, I believe) who was said to be known Justice Darling, in summing up in Seymour by it. Among ourselves it has been. Heinemann on Nov 23, 1917, is reported variously spelt (through ignorance) Sinegar, to have said: "Dickens got the name PickSenigar, but I think there can be no doubt wick from the name of the proprietor of a that the correct method is Sanigar. line of coaches running between London and WM. SANIGAR. Bath." 205 Avon Vale Road, Barton Hill, Bristol. But is this actually the case? There is a Wiltshire village bearing this name about 'MODERN SOCIETY': KEIRKENNY."--I 10 miles from Bath, on the old coaching should be glad to know the identity of a road. 6 All readers of Pickwick' must contributor to Modern Society (now no more) agree that Dickens's description of Bath of numerous notes and anecdotes relating must have been written from personal to the peerage and the aristocracy generally, knowledge. Might not, therefore, the somesome twenty years ago, under the pseudonym Keirkenny. His style of writing was very similar to that of the late G. E. Cokayne). CURIOUS. 64 66 what quaint name of a spot where probably SPENSER AND THE SHEPHERD'S CALENDAR.'-I shall feel very grateful to anybody who can throw light upon a problem connected with The Shepheardes Calender (1579). WILLIBALD.-In the light of recent criticism it would appear to be desirable to reconsider one's views about Willibald, the biographer of St. Boniface. Would some correspondent be so kind as to say whether the following statement represents correctly the latest opinions? There would "Colin's Emblem," at the end of the seem to have been two persons named December Eclogue, is left blank. It was not until 1715 that any emblem appeared, St. Maternus died on the way, and the others when Hughes gives It is not known upon what, if any, authority Hughes inserts this emblem." The words appear on the scroll surrounding Emblem I. in Peacham's ' Minerva Britannia (1612), where a hand is shown protruding from behind a curtain (drawn to conceal the rest of the figure), having written the words "Mente Videbor" (" by the mind I shall be seen "). The question is, were the words given by Hughes for " Colin's Emblem borrowed from Peacham's book, or is there an older source? Colin is said to shadow the author of the 'Calender' (published without an author's name until 1611, when it was included among Spenser's works). But Colin cannot possibly be Edmund Spenser, so it does not seem improbable that in the omission of the December emblem in 1579, and in the particular words inserted by Hughes, there is a clue to the real author of the poem. R. L. EAGLE. 19 Burghill Road, Sydenham, S.E.26. BURTON AND YOUNGS FAMILIES IN NORFOLK.-Henry Burton of Wreningham married in 1765 Elizabeth Youngs at Ashwellthorpe; both were buried at Langley. Can any of your readers supply me with the maiden names of their mothers, and tell me where they were born? Neither of the parish registers gives any help. Linton, Cambs. M. T. DAVENEY. MARY CHRISTIAN alias WILLSON, 1750.She died at Ratcliffe. Had a son Andrew Hearsey Willson, and brother Theophilus Hearsey-witness Andrew Hearsey (brother?). Any clues to her two husbands and ancestors and descendants will oblige. I believe that twenty-two girls have been named after Hearseys and Christians; vide Baird, Elliott, &c. A. C. H. THE POPE'S CROSIER.-The Pope is said never to carry a crosier unless he enters the diocese of Trèves a statement for which the authority of St. Thomas Aquinas is claimed. Can any student of the Angelic Doctor verify this statement ? The reason that I have seen given is that when St. Peter sent SS. Eucharius, Valerius, and Maternus from Rome to that city, returned to tell the sad news in Rome; but St. Peter sent them back with his staff to lay upon the dead man, and he revived. Since then the Pope never carries one, but St. Eucharius. resumes in the Trèves diocese that given to A. E. P. R. D. ST. GEORGE: Two INCIDENTS IN HIS LIFE.-I should be very grateful if any of your readers could give me the authorities for the two following incidents in the life of St. George, viz., 1, his restoration to life at the hands of the Blessed Virgin; 2, his arming by the Virgin and angels. These two scenes occur in ancient glass at St. Neots, Cornwall, and also in the English fifteenth-century alabaster reredos at La Celle, France. In 1849 an English alabaster panel of St. George and the Dragon was exhibited in Liverpool, before the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, by the late Rev. J. J. Moss. This has unfortunately been lost sight of; it would be of much interest if its present whereabouts could be disPHILIP NELSON. covered. 66 ANTHONY ARMS AND ANCESTRY.-Burke's General Armory' gives very briefly the arms of Anthony of Suffolk." How is the leopard displayed? It is an awkward charge to display artistically between two flaunches. Where in Suffolk was the family formerly located? Any information will be gladly received. LLEWELYN LLOYD, M.A. The Yew Trees, Kirby, Essex. ANGLICAN CLERGYMEN.-I should be glad of some biographical details of the careers of the following clergymen :— Wilson Bewicke, D.D., Rector of Ross and Bodenham. Charles Cooper, D.D., R. of Kirkby Overblow, Yorks. John Dade, V. of Stillington, Yorks. Francis Lhirondell, R. of Skirmur, Essex (1770). Richard Marsh, B.A. Cantab., beneficed in Essex (1750). Norfolk (1748). John Orde, M.A., R. of Wensley, Cork. John Peareth, V. of Aldworth, Berks (1720). Thomas Slack, R. of Skirmur, Essex (1770). Robert Swinburn, V. of Findon, Sussex (1748). ROBERT VILLIERS c. 1640.-In the list of YEAMANS.-Can any of your correRoyalist Compounders (Mason's History spondents help me to identify Edward of Norfolk') appears the name of "Robert Yeamans, who was admitted to WestVilliers of London." What relation was he to Sir John Villiers (afterwards Lord Purbeck, brother of Buckingham), who married the younger daughter of Sir Edward Coke by his second wife, Lady (Elizabeth) Hatton, widow of Sir William Hatton, and daughter of Thomas Cecil, 2nd Lord Burleigh? Robert Villiers of London had interest in the manor of Fakenham." Lady Elizabeth Hatton purchased that manor from the Crown, but was swindled out of it by her husband, Coke. It was restored to her after Coke's death by the King's order in Council in 1638. In 1647 Mr. James Calthorpe became owner of the manor, and it is supposed he bought it from a Mr. Villiers," possibly Mr. Robert Villiers. FAKENHAM. AIGUILLETTES.-Are the aiguillettes worn by staff officers and A.D.C.'s in full dress a relic of the time when the squire was supposed to carry the piqueting-rope and pegs of the knight he was attending? M.D. (2). ST. CLEMENT AS PATRON SAINT.-I saw in a book the other day that St. Clement was the patron of merchants and traders. Is there any authority for this statement ? St. Giles, St. Clement, and others are supposed to protect smiths, but I want to know of a connexion between St. Clement and traders. W. A. HIRST. THE STEELYARD IN THAMES STREET. Does any one know the exact date of the building of the Steelyard in Thames Street? Its later history is well known, but I cannot find particulars about the origin of the earliest building. W. A. HIRST. REV. JOHN DAVIES, D.D., CANON OF DURHAM.-Could any reader give me information about this versatile clergyman ? His 'Pursuits of Literature and Philosophy considered as subservient to Morality and Religion' (J. W. Parker, 1841) has for years been a favourite of mine. His name sounds so Welsh that I am anxious to know whether we can claim him among our "eminent Welshmen," whereof so many different lists have been compiled in late years. He became Rector of Gateshead in 1840, and he was still there in 1860, but his name has disappeared from 'Crockford' by minster School in 1724, aged 9, and John Yeamans, admitted to the same school in 1722, aged 9? The latter may have been Sir John Yeamans, the fifth baronet of that name, who matriculated at Oxford from Queen's College in 1738, aged 18. The information in Burke's' Extinct Baronetcies' and G. E. C.'s 'Baronetage' concerning this baronetcy is meagre. G. F. R. B. PARISH REGISTERS PRINTED.-Is there any up-to-date list of the parish registers which have been printed? In particular, have the registers of Stepney, Twickenham, and Workington been printed yet? A. M. B. IRWIN, Kt. 49 Ailesbury Road, Dublin. [The best lists of printed parish registers are Matthewe's 'Contemporary Index to Printed Parish (and Non-Parochial) Registers,' 1909, issued to subscribers; and Catalogue of Phillimore's Parish Register Series, 1913' (price 6d., 120 Chancery Lane, 1568-1719, have been printed in 3. vols. by Mr. W.C.2), The Marriages of St. Dunstan's, Stepney, Colyer-Fergusson; of Twickenham, 1538-1812, in vol. iii. of Phillimore's Middlesex Series; and of Workington, 1670-1837, in Phillimore's Cumberland Series, vol. i.] WALDER MARTEN.-Somewhere in a West Sussex village churchyard is the gravestone Copy of inscription is A. E. MARTEN. of Walder Marten. required by Stuart House, Ely, Cambs. 'HEUEWERC."-Can any of your readers say what is the meaning of this word? It occurs in a twelfth-century account of rent paid on Lammas day, i.e., ad gulam Augusti, the 1st of August. R. A. POTTS. BOREMAN'S DESCRIPTION OF A GREAT VARIETY OF ANIMALS AND VEGETABLES.'. What is the date of this work, and where can a copy be seen? It is referred to in Brand's Popular Antiquities.' E. E. SQUIRES. DUTCH LITERATURE.-Is there in English, French, or Dutch a useful book on Dutch and Flemish literature, including folk-songs? Does a good anthology of Dutch and Flemish lyrics exist? Have any lyrists of undeniably great genius written in Dutch and Flemish, especially during the last halfcentury? Finally, is there a good collection of Dutch and Flemish proverbs? A collection of the best lyrics of Holland Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, accompanied by a line-for-line prose translation, is a thing to be desired. G. W. 66 SCOTT AT LES ANDELYS.-The Journal de London. A white marble slab was erected Rouen of Nov. 17, 1917, republishes the guide- to his memory by his friends, which bore the book assertions about Walter Scott visiting family arms, curiously engraved," and an the town of Les Andelys on Jan. 17, 1827, epitaph of eight lines of verse in black and signing in a local hostelry his name as letters. Where was Duval really buried? mr. Guillaume l'Écossais." The annals of St. Paul's Church do not mention this monument, nor can any tombstone bearing these family arms and epitaph be found. THOMAS CROMPTON. Cheetham Hill, Manchester. This seems like an invention of some romantic traveller. Can it be verified for the benefit of the numerous readers of Walter Scott in France ? C. R. GRAVILLE. CEDARS IN ENGLAND.-Will any of your readers, conversant with the subject, give me an idea of the maximum size of cedars in this country? I measured the fine specimen at Camer, in this county, a few days ago, and found it 26 feet in girth at 1 feet from the ground-before the spread of any lateral branches. Are there many that beat this? S. R. C. Canterbury. CLAUDE DUVAL, THE HIGHWAYMAN.-Can any reader of N. & Q.' offer information on the following points? 1. Where was this highwayman's birthplace in Normandy? 2. He came to England in 1660, as page or footman to the then Duke of Richmond. How long did he remain in that employ? 3. In what year was the hostelry known as "The Duval Arms in Duval's Lane pulled down to make way for a new railway extension? "The Duval Arms bore on its signboard the mounted figure of Claude Duval. 4. Particulars wanted concerning the house in Chandos Street, Covent Garden, where Duval was captured. 5. Who sentenced Duval to be executed at Tyburn? Was it Sir Matthew Hale? Was he executed on Jan. 21, 1669, or in February, 1670 ? 6. Dr. William (or Walter) Pope says in his Memoires of Monsieur Du Vall' that after the execution he was cut down and taken to the Tangier Tavern, St. Giles's, where he lay in state all that night. Dr. Pope adds that a gentleman, while stripping Duval of his clothes, put his hand in Duval's pocket, and discovered the speech, written in a bold hand and signed, which Duval had intended to make on the gallows, but did not. Dr. Pope says that after much trouble he obtained it. What is the nature of this document? Does it still exist? 7. According to tradition and to the 'Memoirs,' Duval was buried in the centre aisle of St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden, · says that some of the incidents narrated in the [The Dict. Nat. Biog.' in its notice of Duval 'Memoirs "ascribed to the pen of William Pope appear unworthy of credence. The B.M. Catalogue enters the pamphlet (which is anonymous) under Walter Pope. 1. The Memoirs' state that Duval was born at Domfront, Normandy, in 1643. 3. What is the authority for speaking of "The Duval Arms" in Duval's Lane? Duval's name has been associated with a private house in the lane called after him. This house was pulled down in 1871, and the Duval legend was transferred to another house near, which was also pulled down in 1897. Long articles on these houses appeared in N. & Q.' on Jan. 29 and March 19, 1898, MR. JOHN HEBB showing in the former that "Duval's Lane" was a popular corruption of "Devil's Lane," as the property was described in a survey made in 1611, half a century before Duval arrived in England. 4. The Memoirs' say that the house was the Hole-in-the-Wall. 5. The London Gazette for Jan. 20-24, 1669[70], contains a short account of Duval's trial at the Old Bailey, which states that he was executed on the 21st. There is no mention of the judge who presided at the trial. It may have been Sir William Morton, of whom Foss says in his 'Judges of England,' vol. vii., 1864, p. 148, that he was the terror of highwaymen, and that he "prevented the mercy of the Crown being extended to him [Duval] by threatening to resign if so notorious an offender was allowed to escape.' An earlier number of The London Gazette-that for Nov. 15-18, 1669-had contained a royal proclamation, dated" Whitehal, Nov. 17," offering a reward of 201. to any person who should lead to the arrest and conviction of any one of a number of notorious criminals, the first on the list being "Lewis alias Lodowick alias Cloud de Val alias Brown." ་ " 6. The speech is printed in full in the Memoirs,' which are reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany,' vol. iii. The speech occurs on p. 313. 7. The D.N.B.,' in stating that Duval was buried ' in the centre aisle of Covent Garden Church, under a stone inscribed with an epitaph beginning Here lies Du Vall: Reader, if male thou art, Look to thy purse; if female, to thy heart,' follows the Memoirs; but we are informed on excellent authority that there is no entry of Duval's funeral in the Burial Registers of St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden, and that there is no "white marble slab or any other monument to Duval's memory in the church or churchyard.] AN ADIEU TO THE TURF': 4TH EARL OF ABINGDON.-In 1778 a pamphlet was published by M. Smith, London, entitled An Adieu to the Turf,' from the E-1 of An to his Grace the A- -p of Y-k. Does any one know who was the author of this poetical satire on the 4th Earl of Abingdon (1740-99) ? On the title is a quotation, said to be from Shakespeare, Henry IV.' : "I'll repent, and that suddenly, while I am in some liking. I shall be out of heart shortly, and then I shall have no strength to repent. Company, villainous company, hath been the ruin of me. Where does this quotation come from? The first stanza of the satire is as follows: At whose dark brow and low'ring face, Trembled through every form. In The Gentleman's Magazine for May, 1778, p. 240, there is a notice of a pamphlet, A Letter to the Earl of Abingdon, in which his Grace of York's Notions of Civil Liberty are examined by Liberalis,' published in The London Evening Post. Also the Adieu to the Turf' is reviewed in The Westminster Magazine for June, 1778, p. 226: "A humorous satire, but unfair censure, on the Earl, for his having quitted an idle, extravagant, and dissipated life and character, to addict him self to the service of his country. Shaftesbury recommends ridicule as a test of truth, but we apprehend that it is oftener used to supply the place of it." C. M. PRIOR. Don a real person, and is he heard of else- such an importation, The wild breed may E. ILIFF ROBSON. ZOLA'S ROME.'-It is said that several characters in this powerful study were drawn without disguise from well-known prelates of the Papal Court and household (temp. Leo XIII.). I am unaware that a key was ever actually published, but I should be greatly obliged if your readers could give me information on this point, and identify Cardinal Boccanera, Cardinal Sanguinetti, Cardinal Sarno, Monsignor Nani, Monsignor Fornaro, or any other of Zola's personages. MONTAGUE SUMMERS, F.R.S.L.. been given a medallion, of metal plated with COLUMBUS MEDALLION.I have recently Adstock Manor, Winslow, Bucks. [The reference is 1 Henry IV' Act III., paper have no knowledge of it. sc. iii., Falstaff's opening speech. 'The Oxford Shakespeare' reads spoil, not "ruin."] SWINE IN BRITAIN.-In Social England,' ed. Traill, vol. i. p. 87, is this statement (by O. M. Edwards): 46 PERCY F. HOGG, Lieut. R.G.A. 8 The Terrace, Lower Barracks, Chatham. ELIZABETH MONCK.-This lady, described as a married woman, is said to have been interred in the parish church of Bromley, Probably the last [animals] to be domesticated Kent; date uncertain, but probably some were swine and bees, and concerning the domes- time in the closing years of the seventeenth tication of these we have legends. Swine were or opening years of the eighteenth century. first brought into Britain by Gwydion ab Don." Certain genealogical authorities say that Can any one tell me where the legend she adopted an infant boy." That is all occurs? And does any element of fact under-I can at present gather about her with any lie it ? Neolithic man in Britain had in some sense domesticated the wild hog, but that would not preclude a considerable importation, at the dawn of historical times, of an already domesticated breed. Was certainty. In the register of St. James's, Clerkenwell, however, under date Feb. 18, 1714, an Elizabeth Monck, a widow, is recorded to have been carried away"! Was it to Bromley for interment ? What 66 |