there is often-if not generally-a stage of conscious embarrassment preceding mental derangement or mind weakness, and while this condition exists there is hope in the power of repair and self-recovery which exists in the mind not less than in the body. To this belief I must adhere.

Oct., 1878.

J. MORTIMER GRANVILLE.

"FAILINGS."

"WE all have our failings," and for the most part we regard them tenderly. They do not count as offences, scarcely are they held to be faults. It is always probable that an error of omission may have been unintentional; not unfrequently it seems possible it was unavoidable. A sentiment of pity for, and even sympathy with weakness overpowers the sense of grievance; the voice of the inward monitor is silenced, and the selfexcused conscience sleeps. Meanwhile failings are the worst and most mischievous, the deadliest and least curable of the ills to which the moral nature of man is heir. They are the sources of evil whence spring the blackest vices of human character, the false roots that nourish and sustain its parasites, and steal the sap of its inner life. A failing is not merely negative; its sinister aspect is one of positive wrong-doing, wherein some behest of the will is disobeyed, a measure of power wasted, a rebel habit formed or fostered.

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To compassionate failings in others is to beg the question of fact for the sake of politeness; to look with leniency on the errors which self would fain palliate, by supposing them unavoidable, is to play the traitor to Truth, and let the enemy into the citadel; whereas conscience is set to guard against treachery not less carefully than assault.

"Failings" may be moral, mental, or physical, as they show themselves in the character, the intellect or bodily habit and power. It generally happens that what strikes the observer as a failing is compounded of errors in feeling, thought, and action combined. The practical question is how the overt evil came into existence; or, if happily the failing should be detected in an earlier stage of growth, before it has betrayed its presence by ugly consequences, we may ask, What are the mischievous forces, where are they at work, how can they be counteracted? Why has this person the "failing" of a tendency to excessive indulgence in drink or the gratification of some unbridled passion, and that individual a seeming inability to recognise and pursue the right and honest course of conduct in the presence of any so-called "temptation" or difficulty?

A quest for the causes and courses of develop