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Childs, Theodore: Delicate Feasting. New York: Harper Bros.

Dodds, Susanna W., A.M., M.D., Hygienic Cookery. New York: Fowler & Wells. Delié, F. J. Franco-American Cookery Book. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Domestic Dictionary: an Encyclopædia for the Household. Cassell Publishing Co. Encyclopædia of Practical Cookery. Edited by T. F. Garrett. New York: J. Arnot Penman.

Ellwanger, G. H.: The Story of my House.

New York: D. Appleton & Co. Fothergill, J. Milner, M.D.: Manual of Dietetics. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.

French Dinners for American Tables. New

York: D. Appleton & Co. Goodholme's Cyclopædia of Domestic Economy. New York: Charles Scribner's

Sons. Huntington, Emily: The Cooking Garden. New York: J. W. Schermerhorn & Co. Henderson, Mrs. Mary F.: Practical Cookery and Dinner Giving. A Treatise containing Practical Instructions in Cooking, in the Combination and Serving of Dishes, and in the Fashionable Modes of Entertaining at Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner. Illustrated. New York: Harper Bros.

Estes & Lauriat.

Parloa, Miss: First Principles of Household Management and Cookery. Boston: Estes & Lauriat.

Rorer, Mrs. S. T.: Philadelphia Cook Book. Philadelphia: Arnold & Co.

Rorer, Mrs. S. T.: Canning and Preserving. Philadelphia: Arnold & Co.

Rorer, Mrs. S. T.: Candy Making. Philadelphia: Arnold & Co.

Rorer, Mrs. S. T.: Hot Weather Dishes. Philadelphia: Arnold & Co.

Rorer, Mrs. S. T.: Health in the Household. Philadelphia: Arnold & Co. Richards, Mrs. Ellen H.: Food Materials and their Adulterations. Boston: Estes & Lauriat.

Ranhofer, Charles, Chef of Delmonico's:
The Epicurean, a Complete Treatise of
Analytical and Practical Studies on the
Culinary Art. New York: Charles Ran-
hofer.

Smith, Edward, M.D., LL.B., F.R.S.: Foods.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
Servant's Practical Guide, a Handbook of
Duties and Rules. New York: Warne
& Co.
Spon's Household Manual: A Treasury of
Domestic Receipts and Guide for Home
Management. E. & F. N. Spon.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher: The House and Home Papers. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.

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Harland, Marion: Breakfast, Luncheon, and
Tea. Common Sense in the Household.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Johnston's Chemistry of Common Life.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
Lincoln, Mrs. D. A.: Boston Cook Book.
Boston: Roberts Bros.

Lincoln, Mrs. D. A.: Boston School Kitchen
Book. Boston: Roberts Bros.
Lincoln, Mrs. D. A.: Carving and Serving.
Boston: Roberts Bros.

Lencke, Gesine: Desserts and Salads. New
York: C. T. Dillingham & Co.
Macmillan, Mrs. Frederick: Hints to House-
wives. New York: Macmillan & Co.
Murray, T. J.: Fifty Salads. N. Y. : Stokes.
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ing Guide. Boston: Estes & Lauriat.

Management. Macmillan.

Thompson, Sir Henry: Food and Feeding. New York: Warne & Co.

Williams, W. M.: Chemistry of Cookery. Chatto & Windus.

Wright, C. E. G.: The School Cookery Book. New York: Macmillan & Co. Whitney, Mrs.: Just How. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.

Walsh, J. H.: Manual of Domestic Economy. New York: Rutledge.

Youmans, Edward L., M.D.: The Handbook of Household Science. A Popular Account of Heat, Light, Air, Aliment, and Cleansing, in their Scientific Principles and Domestic Applications. With Numerous Illustrative Diagrams adapted for Academies, Seminaries, and Schools. New York: D. Appleton & Co.

THE FAMILY MEDICINE CLOSET.

It is far better to have a closet or cupboard in which to keep the various medical and surgical supplies that may be required in cases of emergency, than to have all of these useful, but dangerous, articles stored in a movable box. The advantages of the closet are, that it always stays in the same place; that it is easy so to arrange it that poisons are out of the reach of children and of anyone who is not fit to handle them; and that a sufficient quantity of the more bulky articles may be stored in it without so much difficulty as would be the case in any medicine chest of reasonable size.

The supplies necessary differ much in different households. The size of the family, the occupations of its various members, the ages and number of children in the house, and the ease with which medicines, etc., can be obtained, are to be considered when deciding what supplies should be procured. In the following list, the less necessary supplies are printed in italics.

In so far as is possible, the drugs that have been selected are in the form of tablets or pills. The great convenience of these forms for administering medicines is evident to anyone who has used them.

There are a number of poisons necessarily in the list. Care must be taken with all drugs. Morphine Tablets (1⁄2 grain each) for Pain. Two tablets for the first dose; if no relief is obtained, follow in one-half hour with two more; then, if not relieved, take one every fifteen minutes until pain disappearsunless symptoms of an over-dose of the drug appear.

After giving eight, or less, during the course of two hours, wait from three to six hours before giving another dose.

Do not give morphine to children excepting under the advice of a physician.

Symptoms of an over-dose: Extreme drowsiness, then unconsciousness with slow breathing, and a marked contraction of the pupils of the eye, and cold surface of body.

Morphine must not be given for pain which often recurs-as, for example, neuralgia-as the morphine habit is easily formed in such

cases.

Tr. Aconite Tablets (1 minim each) for Sore Throat with Pain.-three at first, and afterward one every fifteen minutes until tongue and lips feel numb, then stop until numbness is gone, when one every fifteen minutes may be given until same symptoms occur, and so on. (Use exactly according to directions.)

Ipecac Tablets (do grain each) for Cough. -One every fifteen minutes, lengthening intervals between doses if too much nausea occurs, though usually no nausea is produced in this dose.

Ipecac Tablets (1 grain each).—Use five or ten as an emetic for children or adults.

Tablets of Paregoric, Each ten Drops.For children, Use under a doctor's instruction only.

Five-grain Phenacetine Tablets. For headache and other pains in adults. Dose one to three.

Sun Cholera Tablets for Diarrhæa.—One tablet swallowed quickly, followed by a drink of hot water or tea; repeat this for two doses, and afterward take one after every operation of the bowels.

Compound Cathartic Pills for a Purgative.-One to four at a dose, at bedtime; not to be taken frequently, as they contain calomel.

These are intended to relieve severe constipation, and are not at all fitted for constant use.

Dover's Tablets (11⁄4 grain each) for Cough.-One tablet every hour.

To Produce Sweating. - Take eight at night. This dose is usually for the commencement of a cold.

For Diarrhea.-One or two every two or three hours.

Caution.-Each tablet contains grain of

opium.

Carbolic Ointment, (five per cent.).—Uses: (1) for burns, (2) for skin troubles and poison ivy eruptions, (3) for sun-burns-dilute with equal bulk of vaseline.

Caution. -Do not apply in full strength to the face.

Castor Oil.

Bicarbonate of Soda. For indigestion ; dose, as much as will go on a quarter-dollar whenever needed.

Seidlitz Powders.-Laxative. are on the box containing them.

Subnitrate of Bismuth. — For use internally in diarrhoea. Dose, a teaspoonful of the powder stirred up briskly in water and swallowed before the drug settles.

Externally, it is an excellent powder to apply to raw surfaces of any sort.

Quinine Pills. - Two grains and five grains.

EXERCISES FOR DEVELOPING THE CHEST AND IMPROVING THE FIGURE.

THE following detailed description of the military" setting up " exercises is taken from Upton's "Infantry Tactics," edition of 1889. It is important that the exercises should always be begun and continued standing squarely on the feet, with the heels together and the toes turned outward. If the directions are carefully followed, and the exercises practised for from five to fifteen minutes daily, the results are surprising. In a short time the chest will become fuller, the shoulders will be held well back, and the figure become erect. The good effects will also be observed in almost every movement of the body, but especially in a certain freedom and grace due to the habitual attitude assumed by people whose chest and shoulder muscles are strong. It may be added that the upper arms and the shoulders and neck are greatly beautified by the development of the muscles in an even and symmetrical way, as a result of the movements.

SETTING UP EXERCISES.

"The importance of this exercise cannot

be over-estimated; if practised in a class they should be performed at the word of command.

The instructor commands:

1. First, 2. Exercise.

"Bring the hands to the front till the little fingers meet nails downward, arms horizontal. (Two.) Raise the hands in a circular direction over the head, the ends of the fingers touching, and pointing downward so as to touch the top of the forage-cap, thumbs pointing to the rear, the shoulders kept down, elbows pressed back. (Three.) Ex

"Extend the arms horizontally to the front, the palms of the hands touching. (Two.) Throw the arms extended, well to the rear, inclining slightly downward; at the same time raise the body upon the toes. (Three.) Resume the position of the soldier.

"The first and second motions of this exercise should be continued by the commands, one, two-one, two, till the recruits, if possible, are able to touch the hands behind the back.

1. Fourth, 2. Exercise.

"Raise the arms laterally until horizontal, palms of the hands upward. (Two.) Swing the arms circularly, upward and backward, from front to rear. (Three.) Resume the position of the soldier.

"As soon as the recruits understand the various exercises, they are continued without dwelling upon the numbers, the instructor prefacing the exercise by the command, continue the motion, and giving the command three for the conclusion."

THE FRANKLIN STOVE.

THERE is one form of heater which is too little used because its advantages are not well enough understood. The Franklin stove, as it is called, having been invented and introduced by Benjamin Franklin, has many of the good qualities both of the open fireplace and of the ordinary stove. It is really nothing but an open fireplace made of iron. It is more economical than the grate

fire when the latter is built in an ordinary fireplace built in the wall of the house. The reason for its superior economy is that in it both the heat which is directly thrown into the air by the flame, and that which is derived from the hot metal at the sides and back are utilized. In ordinary fireplaces a great deal of heat goes to warming the brick-work of which they are constructed. This heat is practically lost. When a Franklin stove is put where it should be, at some distance from the wall of the room, much heat which would be lost in an ordinary fireplace passes through the metal and is thus saved. Another advantage in its use is the fact that it can be put into any room with a stovepipe hole in it. It is very good in any room in the house, and particularly in the nursery, where considerable heat and very free ventilation are of so much importance.

The Franklin Stove.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

Precautions.

WHEN infectious diseases which are liable to be caught by previously well people occur in the house, there is a great deal that may be done to confine the disease to the person first attacked. Diseases, the poison of which passes directly from the body of the sick through the air and infects the body of another person, I shall call contagious. The most important of this class are small-pox, measles, scarlet fever, typhus fever, diphtheria,* whooping-cough, mumps, German measles, chicken-pox. The occurrence of any of these in a house demands prompt isolation of the patient.

There are certain diseases which are not

* Diphtheria is not really capable of infecting except through the medium of particles of the membrane which are expelled from the throat, or other parts of the air-passages or mouth of the patient, and are directly introduced into the body of another through the mouth or nose, or some mucous membrane elsewhere, or through the skin where it has been injured. Theoretically, it should be classed as a communicable, but not an infectious, disease. Its poison is so very virulent, and so apt

spread directly through the air, but pass from one to another person only when the discharges from the sick are swallowed or inhaled in considerable amounts by the well. The more important are typhoid fever, cholera, and consumption. In none of these is there any danger in attending the cases, if proper precautions are taken to disinfect the stools of the typhoid fever and cholera patients, and the expectoration of the consumptives. Such diseases I shall call communicable. Isolation is not necessary for

them.

It is needless to discuss the other class of infectious diseases, like malarial fevers, which do not pass from one person to another, but exist in certain regions of the earth and attack only those who enter these regions.

Contagious diseases are only dangerous to those who come very near the patients, or who come near some article which has been close to the patient, such as clothing, bedding, or anything which has been in the sickroom and has not been disinfected. It is safe to assert that the danger increases rapidly as one approaches the sick under any circumstances; that it is very much increased by lack of ventilation of the sick-room; that it is very slight in the open air; and that it is greater for those who are with the patient for a long time than for those who remain with him but a little while. Thus doctors, who see the case for a short time, are less apt to get the disease than those who nurse the sufferer. The poison must be very concentrated or must act for a considerable time in order to infect. Let those who fear to ring the bell or knock at the door of a neighbor or friend whose child is afflicted with measles or any other contagious disease, bear two facts in mind: first, that their fears are utterly foolish, and, second, that an inquiry about the progress of the illness, and the kind thoughts which such inquiries indicate, are great helps to friends in time of anxiety and trouble.

RULES FOR THOSE WHO HAVE TO NURSE CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.

1. Since the virulence of the poison increases as the distance from the sick dimin

I prefer to call it contagious. It requires the same precautions as do the true contagious disorders.

that the nurses may have one in which to change their clothes and disinfect themselves on leaving the patient.

2. The virulence increasing with concentration, the room should be well ventilated. If possible, a room should be selected with an open fireplace in it.

3. No carpet, curtains, pictures, nor superfluous furniture should be in the room. The necessary furniture should be of a kind which can be thoroughly washed with disinfectants after the case terminates.

4. There should be one or two screens made of clothes-horses covered with cheap muslin, to shade the patient from either light or draughts.

5. A sheet should be hung at the door so as to prevent, as far as may be, the exit of poisoned air when the door is opened. It may be kept moist with some disinfec

tant.

6. Always wear a wash-dress and a cap when in the room, and always take them off when you leave it. Always wear slippers in the room and change them as well as the dress. In changing do not let the nursing clothes come near the house-clothes. Take off the former, wash your hands, and put on the latter, if possible, in another room.

7. Have a tub of a solution of carbolic acid in water (one of the acid to twenty parts of water) in the room, and put all the bedding, etc., which are soiled into it before sending anything to be washed.

8. The only disinfecting substances of real value are, a solution of corrosive sublimate in water (fifteen grains to the quart), and the carbolic-acid solution above mentioned. To disinfect air simply open the windows. Do not depend upon sulphur. Burning sulphur with the idea of disinfecting is useless. It is nothing more than offering a foul-smelling incense upon the altar of ignorance.

9. To disinfect a room, scrub it thoroughly with the corrosive-sublimate solution, followed by hot soap and water. If possible, repaint and paper it.

315

CLINICAL (OR FEVER) THERMOMETER.

The normal temperature may be said to be from 98% to 99%1⁄2 degrees. Old thermometers are apt to read from a degree to a degree and a half too high, no matter whether they have been entirely accurate originally or not. In taking the temperature, first shake the index of the thermometer down until it is below 96 degrees. Take the temperature in the mouth or rectum or, in the case of small babies, in the fold of the groin, as this disturbs the baby less.

Remember that fever does not often indicate much danger. In adults a sudden rise of temperature, say from 102 to 104 degrees, marks the beginning of various acute diseases. Although it is commonly said that a temperature above 104 degrees indicates danger in an adult, this is by no means the case. an ordinary attack of chills and fever the temperature often reaches 108, and is absolutely unimportant.

In

If, in hot weather, an adult becomes stupid or unconscious, especially after complaining of headache, and if the temperature rises then to 104 degrees or higher, it is an indication of great danger, for it means an attack of severe sunstroke.

In children a sharp rise of temperature is a frequent cause of great and very needless alarm to the parents. Little children get up very much more fever with less reason than do adults. It is safe to say that, if a child has gone to bed well, and suddenly wakes with a temperature of from 103 to 106, the chances are, that acute indigestion is the cause, and not serious disease. trouble may be thus begun, namely, scarlet fever. But remember that no case of scarlet fever begins without a sore throat. If the child's throat is not sore, do not worry.

One other

It is a safe rule, if a child or adult develops fever, to send for a doctor; but it is not necessary to be extremely anxious merely because one of the family has a sudden sharp elevation of temperature.