tool and the sizing chisel. After the turning is completed, the model is smoothed down with sandpaper and oil. Coarse sandpaper is first used to take out all tool marks, after which a finer grade is applied with ordinary machine oil. This will give a fair polish, but will not eliminate the minute scratches. With some polishing material such as chalk or tripoli with oil and a little patience an excellent finish can be obtained which has all the appearance of polished silver. The turnings can, of course, be remelted, so that there need be no waste of material.

PENCIL HOLDER.

H. C. Mohler of Galva, Illinois, has submitted the drawing of a pencil holder which would be very convenient for the schoolroom to hold the drawing pencils of the class. If desired both the pencils and the holes may be numbered. Mr. Mohler has used the problem both in the seventh and the eighth grades.

OPEN

SIMPLE HINGE.

E. D. Lemmerman of South High School, Cleveland, has discovered a simple hinge that is particularly suited to manual training work. In its simplest form it is nothing but a triangular plate of metal, held in place by three round-headed screws. Its adaptation to a box with an overhanging cover is also shown, while a hint is given as to how it may form a part of the scheme of applied decoration.

CURRENT ITEMS'

CLINTON S. VAN DEUSEN, Editor.

The Educational Club of Springfield, Mass., of which the men teachers of the city schools are members, indorsed at its meeting on the sixth of April the establishment of an industrial school in connection with the upper grammar grades, such as had been described by Charles H. Morse in a previous lecture before the club. The committee appointed to prepare a report on the subject consisted of William Orr, principal of the Central High School; Charles F. Warner, principal of the Technical High School; John L. Riley, principal of the Central Street School; M. W. Murray, supervisor of manual training, and Burton A. Adams of the Technical High School faculty. The report of this committee states that in the city of Springfield over 700 boys and girls are losing the benefits of training and discipline and are drifting out into life with no definite aim and no special skill for any vocation.

'It further appears that the high schools do not reach a large element of the youth of the city, for an examination of the school returns for the last five years shows that out of a given group of children entering the elementary course only one-third of the number reach the high schools. In other words, 70 per cent. finish their schooling in the ninth grade or lower.

Until the city meets more adequately the needs of this body of her children, our educational system cannot be considered in any way complete. An industrial school, so well described by Charles H. Morse of the state industrial commission in his recent address before this club, promises well for the solution of this problem. Such a school organized in connection with upper grammar grades, with courses in industrial training and the rudiments of trades for the boys, and practical studies pertaining to the home and the industries open to women, for the girls, with academic branches in mathematics, English, science and history, taught in simple, direct fashion, and so far as possible in relation to actual conditions in life, would appeal to the interest of many who have little aptitude or liking for books and theories. This school would aim to give its pupils good training, would tide them over the critical years from 14 to 18, and provide the rudiments, at least, of useful trades, with a view to the capacity and trend of each pupil. Such an institution ought to justify itself by saving boys and girls for useful lives, and should be a means of furnishing trained and skilled workmen for our factories and industries.

The city of Boston now has forty-seven grammar grade manual training rooms. The latest one of these to be opened is in the Quincy School.

'Reporting changes in location of manual training teachers will be a special feature of this department in the October number. Each reader is invited to send us a postal card, not later than August 25th, giving details of changes that have come to his attention.-Ed.

A party of manual training teachers leaves Boston on June 24th for an extended European tour, visiting the exhibit of the International Congress of Drawing Teachers in London. The party numbers twenty-two and includes the following manual training teachers: Frank M. Leavitt, assistant director of drawing and manual training; John C. Brodhead, assistant to the director in manual training; Miss Florence P. Donelson, Miss Cornelia D. Burbank, Miss Jessie L. Burns, Miss Edna L. Allen, Miss Sarah M. Aldrich, Miss Olive I. Harris, Miss Florence O. Bean, Miss Sarah I. Wilson, Miss Grace J. Freeman and Miss Sheba E. Berry-all these of the Boston schools. Miss Martha E. Hall, of Taunton, also goes with this party.

The University of Texas has recently revised its entrance requirements so as to allow either one or two elective units in manual training.

The manual training department of the schools at Bath, Maine, has received a bequest of $40,000.

Daniel Upton, principal of the Technical High School of Buffalo, will spend this summer abroad. He will visit the various industrial and business schools of Belgium and Germany, also their manufacturing centers. He will thus have an opportunity to see how the school work is given a practical demonstration in the foreign manufactories.

The evening work of the Technical High School at Buffalo is proving so attractive that it has been decided to open a second annex. It is to be in grammar school No. 20, which is in the Black Rock district. The Black Rock Manufacturing Association have voted, unanimously, to take measures to secure the attendance of their employes at this school next year. Draughting, arithmetic, applied mechanics and electricity are to be taught in this annex.

Miss Anna S. Lagergren has returned to her former position in the School for the Blind at Jacksonville, Ill.

Several years ago Mr. L. L. Wells, a retired farmer of Watseka, Illinois, left a sum of money at his death to be used in founding a school for poor boys in the state of Illinois between the ages of twelve and eighteen years. Nothing was done about the matter, except to allow the money to accumulate, until about four years ago, when the people of Watseka began to urge the trustees of the fund to take further action. To satisfy this demand, the trustees built a small two-story brick building, but without any definite idea as to the sort of school it was to be used for.

After more waiting and further discussion, the trustees finally came to the conclusion that they could not do more for the poor boys than the public schools were doing unless they were to organize a manual training school. Cooperating with the superintendent of public schools, they have arranged for the boys of the seventh and eighth grades and the high school of Watseka to spend a part of their time in this school of manual training. It will also be opened to boys of nearby towns who may wish to attend.

To take charge of this school, the trustees have appointed Joseph W. Paul, formerly instructor in manual training at Rockford, Illinois, a graduate of both

BEATEN SILVER WORK DONE BY STUDENTS OF PRATT INSTITUTE.

the engineering and the normal manual training courses at Bradley Polytechnic Institute. Equipment for woodworking and drawing will be installed during the summer and the school will open early in September.

Crookston, Minn., is to introduce manual training in the schools the coming year. A large room equipped with twenty benches will be devoted to this work, accommodating boys from the sixth grade through the high school. Mechanical drawing will also be given in the course. J. H. Powers, who has had charge of manual training at Hutchinson, Minn., the past two years, will introduce the work at Crookston.

A course in handicrafts has been given this year for the first time at Stanford University to major students in the department of drawing. The subjects given were textiles, block-printing and stencilling, plaster modeling, tiles in wax, casting plaster and coloring with oil colors. Some elementary work in wood-carving and metal-work was also given. A. B. Clark and Robt. B. Harshe were in charge of the work.

The State Normal School at Maryville, Mo., has a new building in process of erection that will be one of the largest school buildings in the state. Strong departments along all lines of handwork are being planned for. Considerable floor space will be devoted to manuel training. A fine equipment for the work will be installed in the new building. The department will be under the direction of Albert F. Siepert of Bradley Polytechnic Institute, formerly instructor in manual training at Iowa City. Miss Bigley, Pratt Institute, will teach the classes in elementary manual training.

CINCINNATI.

The progress of manual training and domestic science in Cincinnati is quite remarkable, as is shown by the recent report of Superintendent Dyer. The.. subjects were introduced in September, 1905. Work was begun in the seventh and eighth grades. It has been extended to include the first year of high school and the sixth grade in the grammar schools. One and a half hours a week are given in the grades; and six hours a week are given in the high schools. The work is required in all the grades, but it is an option with botany and zoology in the high school.

The introduction of the work has met with no opposition. On the other hand, there has been considerable pressure to extend the work more rapidly, especially in the high schools. As a result the two new high schools are being provided with ample facilities for this work. The equivalent of a whole floor, 200 feet square, is given to shops in each building, and about half this amount of space to household science and art. Mechanical drawing, joinery, woodturning, pattern-making, forging, foundry work, and machine shop practice are being provided for boys, and additional space for the development of other work. Sewing, cutting, dressmaking, millinery, household decoration, home hygiene, cooking, chemistry of foods and physiology are provided for girls. New grammar school buildings are planned with the best accommodations for manual training and domestic science. There are now 22 centers for boys and 18 for