proper dimension to make the average inside diameter of cylinder sixty-six and one-half inches, and the length of boiler sides two hundred and ninetythree inches. The heads of boiler to be convex, each head forming the segment of a sphere, the versed sine of each segment to be seven inches, making the length through the axis of cylinder three hundred and seven inches. The form over which the flanges of heads are turned or formed must have a radius of not less than two inches. The under side plate, forming in part the first ring at either end of boiler must be of No. I boiler-plate iron, having a thickness of five-sixteenth inches. The under side plate forming in part the five intermediate rings of boiler, must be of No. 3 boilerplate iron, having a thickness of one-quarter inch.

5th. Each boiler head to be strengthened by a thrust plate, this plate to be of the same quality of iron as the heads (No. 1 boiler plate); said plate to extend horizontally across either head at a point twelve inches up from lowest point of head; that portion of the plate coming in contact with the side of shell to be flanged, overlapping sides and extending back sufficient to be taken in by the rivets securing head, &c. All joints to be thoroughly caulked; and all joints that cannot be caulked without, must be filled with copper gaskets. Every description of joint must be perfectly oil tight.

6th. The dome to be forty inches in diameter, and twenty-four inches in height from top of boiler to top of dome side. Top of dome to be convex, raised in centre four and one-half inches. Dome to be secured to boiler on the centre of the centre ring. The centre ring of boiler should have a length between vertical seams equal to the diameter of base of dome, including flanges. Boiler to have two three-quarter inch holes at lowest points inside of dome marked a a on drawing, and a hole through shell immediately under centre of dome of sixteen inches diameter.

7th. The space between centre of rivets must not exceed one and onehalf inches. All vertical and horizontal seams in boiler, except those around manhole, valve chamber, base of dome and the seams in dome, must be double riveted with a lap of three and one-quarter inches. Size, quantity and location of rivets are as follows:

[NOTE. Variations from the above sizes must be made at points where two or more sheets of unequal thickness come in contact. For example,

where and 4 inch iron is joined 1⁄2 x 1 inch rivets must be used. When 4 and in. iron is joined 1⁄2 x 1% in. rivets must be used. Rivets securing thrust plate, boiler head and sides must be 1⁄2 x 11⁄2 inches. All rivets to be iron of best quality.]

8th. Each boiler to be provided with one manhole and cover, located and secured in the centre of dome head, constructed and arranged substantially as the Sample. Each boiler also to be fitted with one discharge-valve, of the pattern and manufacture which may be prescribed by the Empire Transportation Company, located at the lowest point on the under side of shell immediately under the dome. The valve stem to extend upward through the dome to a point near top of manhole, through which valve is to be operated. The top end of valve stem is held in position by a wroughtiron bracket secured to under side of dome head, as seen in sample and drawing.

9th. Discharge valves to be fitted with oil-tight caps, secured to frame of car by movable collar and chain. The various kinds of caps, keys, manholes and discharge valves to be uniform in size and construction, and each variety to be interchangeable with its class.

10th. No tank will be considered as accepted from builders until it has been thoroughly inspected and its capacity and tightness satisfactorily demonstrated by water test, and by at least two trips of actual service.

11th. Plan of constructing boiler tank car frame is fully and clearly shown in the drawings and sample car. The gas pipe tubes marked No. 4, used instead of wooden side-sills, must have an outside diameter of three inches, and an inside diameter of two and one-half inches. Extra strong timbers to be of the best quality of white oak, and all iron work not herein otherwise described, to conform in size and quality to that of sample car; except wheels, axles, bearing and draw springs, which shall be as may be specially provided. Wheels to be accurately fitted on axles to gauge furnished by the Empire Transportation Company.

12th. Trucks for one hundred barrel tank cars, to be uniform in style and construction with Empire Line standard trucks, except in the wheels, axles and bearing springs. Bearing springs must have a freight carrying capacity of not less than fifteen tons. Wheels to be of a like strength and weight as those used under the "Pullman parlor cars." Size of axle as follows:

Axles will be turned up with a concave shoulder back of wheel seat. Any thickness of iron over the diameter indicated must be turned off with a gradual taper toward centre. Wheels to be forced on axle with a pressure of not less than twenty-five tons.

13th. Flooring of boiler cars to be wrought iron No. 14 wire gauge. The iron to be neatly fitted around the boiler, leaving a space between floor and boiler of one inch. The floor to be secured to wooden stringers A by 1⁄2 x 2 inch lag screws to the tubes No. 4 by hooked bolts, and to the brackets by rivets. At no point must the iron floor be permitted to come in contact with the boiler.

14th. Cars to have a hand railing on either side made of three-quarterinch gas pipe, supported by iron post secured to outer ends of brackets. Length of hand railing to be twenty-four feet eight and one-half inches. Height from the floor thirty-two inches.

15th. Boiler to be neatly fitted at ends between the timbers marked F on drawing. These timbers to be worked into shape conforming to that of boiler heads. The interstices between boiler heads and timbers must be substantially caulked with oakum, so that there can be no possible longitudinal motion of the boiler. To further secure the boiler from lateral movement, the straps x I will have knuckle joints formed in their longitudinal centres. On top of and to boiler on a line with the straps, wrought-iron lugs will be secured. Through these the knuckle joint bolt will pass; thereby firmly holding and preventing lateral twisting of boiler on car frame.

16th. Cars to have brakes on each truck, connected with an equalizing lever, as shown on drawing and sample car. Oil boxes must be provided with patent spring lids, manufactured by Kinzer & Jones, of Pittsburg, Pa. Journal bearings to be of phosphor bronze and brake shoes malleable iron All bolts and nuts to be filled in accordance with the Cumming's lock nut patent.

Painting.

17th. All the iron work, except boiler and dome to be painted black; the wood work to have two coats of Brandon yellow, ground and mixed in pure linseed oil; boiler and dome to have three coats of paint over every part of their surface. The first coat coming in contact with the iron must be brown metallic paint. The other two coats must be pure white lead or zinc. Each car to have two cast-iron card cases, and two sets of cast-iron figures, denoting car No. They and the card cases to be secured to outside of sills, and painted white, emblems, lettering and figures to be as per sample car, unless otherwise specified. Before painting, boiler and dome must be cleaned on its external surface from rust, scales, grease and all dirt.*

*All the Empire Transportation Co's specifications are followed by bills of materials, giving dimensions and positions of the parts in the cars. These are omitted here as being beyond the scope of this work.

SPECIFICATIONS

FOR BOX CARS, EMPIRE TRANSPORTATION COMPANY, ADOPTED JULY, 1872. REVISED JULY, 1873, REVISED JULY, 1875.

First. In these specifications reference is to be had to any accompanying drawings, and also to the Sample Car when furnished. These specifications to be followed when they differ from drawings or car, and they and the drawings to be followed when they differ from car. Builders in all cases do, by contracting to build, agree to indemnify and save harmless the Empire Transportation Company from all patent right claims.

The make and character of wheels, axles and springs to be determined by the Empire Transportation Company.

The Empire Transportation Company reserve the right to require changes from these specifications, drawings and sample car. No car will be considered as accepted until inspected and approved by the Company's Superintendent of Cars.

Second. All material used in the construction of these cars to be of the best quality, and workmanship first-class.

All timbers must be dressed on all their sides, and conform to the sizes and character of wood hereinafter specified.

Siding boards to be of white pine, smoothed and beaded, and they and the roofing boards to be free from all loose knots, cracks and decay. That portion of the floor immediately over the body bolster must be of dry white oak.

Third.-Car covering to be A. P. Winslow's Patent Iron Roof, put on as directed by the Winslow Roofing Co., and under their immediate supervision. The iron must be galvanized, unless otherwise directed.

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Height from bottom of side sill B to top of plate E,. 7 2 Curve of roof, . . . . 66 O 4 Side sills B and centre stringers C must not be gained at bolsters or tran

soms.

Intermediate stringers D, are to be gained at bolster, and also transoms. Mode of gaining stringers D shown on drawing.

Fourth.-Each car to be fitted with two grain doors, same as in sample car; also with two cast iron card cases, secured to siding near car door, as shown on drawing; also with an iron threshold at each door, fitted between door posts, and secured to top of floor; also with a full set of bearing and draw-springs, and double mouth draw heads. All bolt heads and nuts, coming on inside of car, must be sunk flush with the inside surface, except those in top plates.

Fifth. Car wheels to be broad-tread, diameter thirty-three inches, fitted on hammered axles, four and three-eighth inches in diameter by six feet nine and one-half inches long. Wheels to be correctly fitted to gauge furnished by Empire Transportation Co.

The trucks to be uniform in style and construction with trucks under sample car, unless otherwise specified. Body truss rods to be provided with turn-buckles, or their equivalent. Drawheads to be made of wroughtiron, strengthened at back end, such as that made by Berry, Courtney & Wilson, Pittsburg.

Sixth. The following directions are to be strictly observed in turning up each car axle: all inside angles are to be turned concave; the shoulder back of wheel seat must be turned entirely off with a gradual taper.

Space between wheel seat and journal..4%

-41%

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Wheel seat,. Seventh.-Number of car to be stamped with three-fourths inch figures

on ends of body-bolster, and also on ends of truck bolsters.

Eighth.-All joints, tenons, and mortices to be coated with a solution composed of lime and sulphate of copper, to prevent decay.

Ninth.-End sills A to be painted over their external surface. Ends of side sills B, and stringers C and D to be coated with paint, about one foot back from end sills, before box-frame has been erected. The under sides of side sills B to be thoroughly coated with paint their entire length, after siding has been put on.

Car to be painted with yellow oxide. Emblem, vermillion red on white field, of size and position shown on drawing. Eight inch white letters and

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