more copper than is now produced by all the rest of the world. But if our future penny-pieces are to bear any proportion to the reduced cost of the value of the metal, they must be made of the size of dinner-plates!!-Athenæum, No. 1018, p. 476.

15. A communication from Professor Schottlauer, of Munich, acquaints us with particulars of a new invention for painting upon walls, discovered by himself, conjointly with Herr Fuchs, Counsellor of the Mines, to be called Stereochromy. Its peculiarities are stated as follows:-Far greater ease in its manipulation than fresco. The ground is not laid in patches, but by one single operation. The colours, prepared in distilled rain-water, take such firm hold as not to be disturbed or altered by any subsequent washings or shades, while the process of painting may be carried on with any amount of intervals, thus rendering a far richer finish possible than with fresco. After the picture is finished, it is saturated with a fluid, which unites the ground and the colour into a mass of the consistency of stone; desiccations being thereby rendered impossible. The colours are of greater strength and brightness than with fresco,-though without the slightest glare or reflection as of oil. It resists all atmospheric influences, humidity, evaporation, &c. A test no less extreme than the burning of alcohol, has been applied to it, without the slightest change or deterioration.—Athenæum, No. 980, p. 820.

NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

1. The Ancient World; or Picturesque Sketches of Creation. By Professor Ansted, of King's College, London. 1 vol. 8vo, pp. 408. With numerous Woodcuts. John Van Voorst. London, 1847. A pleasant and agreeable volume, well deserving the attention of cultivators of Geology.

2. Outlines of Structural and Physiological Botany. By Arthur Henfrey, F.L.S., &c., Lecturer on Botany at St George's and the Middlesex Hospitals, &c. With numerous Illustrations. Pp. 245. John Van Voorst. London, 1847. Of this excellent elementary work we made mention on a former occasion. As we expected, it is becoming a classbook in our Universities.

3. Manual of British Botany, containing the Flowering Plants and Ferns, arranged according to the Natural Orders. By C. C. Babington, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., &c. 2d edition, with many Additions and Corrections. Pp. 428. John Van Voorst. London, 1847. An improved edition of Mr Babington's well-known and esteemed volume.

4. The Birds of Jamaica. By Philip Henry Gosse, assisted by Richard Hill, Esq., of Spanish Town. 1 vol. 8vo, pp. 447. John Van Voorst. London, 1847. We hope the excellent example set by the publication of this interesting work will be followed by similar ones from other West India Islands.

5. A History of the British Zoophytes. By George Johnston, M.D., LL.D., Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Second edition. 2 vols., 8vo, with numerous engravings. John Van Voorst VOL. XLIII. NO. LXXXV.-JULY 1847.

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London, 1847. It affords us great pleasure to announce the publication of this improved and extended edition of Dr Johnston's standard work on British Zoophytes.

6. The London Geological Journal, or Record of Discoveries in British and Foreign Palæontology. Two numbers, published by John Churchill, Princes Street, Soho, London. We trust this promising Journal will be so supported by the numerous cultivators of Palæontology in this country and on the Continent, as to secure its continuance.

7. Report on the Cultivation and Manufacture of Tea in Kemaoon and Gurhwall. By William Jameson, Esq., Superintendent, Botanical Gardens, North Western Provinces. This important Report will be read with great pleasure by all those interested in the very promising appearance of the Tea Plantations in the North West Provinces of India, which, under the liberal and fostering care of the East India Company, and of their very energetic superintendent, Mr Jameson, will, we trust, ere long, enable India to supply Europe with excellent and CHEAP

Teas.

8. The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, 1846.

9. Geological Results of the Earth's Contraction in consequence of Cooling. By James D. Dana, New Haven, United States.

10. On three several Hurricanes of the Atlantic, and their relations to the Northers of Mexico and Central America; with notices of other storms. By W. C. Redfield, New Haven, United States. We prize highly this important work of our indefatigable and able correspondent.

11. Observations on the probable cause of the failure of the Potato Crop, in the years 1845 and 1846. By David Milne, Esq., of Milnegraden, President of the East of Berwickshire Farmers' Club, &c. One of the best and most scientific volumes on the subject of which it treats. 12. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society from January 1845 to June 1846.

13. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, May and June 1846.

14. Some Remarks on the present and future prospects of the Observatory of the Astronomical Institution of Edinburgh.

15. A Letter to Augustus de Morgan, Esq., of Trinity College, Cambridge, Professor of Mathematics in University College, London, on his claim to an independent re-discovery of a new principle in the theory of Syllogism. From Sir William Hamilton, Bart.

16. Erect Vision from an Inverted Image. By B. F. Joslin, M.D., of New York.

17. Observations on Life, as the cause of Vital Phenomena. London. This particularly interesting Tract is intended for private friends, and may be considered as the precursor of a great work on Life. The author is a distinguished medical writer.

18. Physical Atlas: A Series of Maps illustrating the Geographical Distribution of Natural Phenomena. By Dr Berghaus of Berlin, and Alexander Keith Johnston, F.R.G.S., &c. Part VI. In our next number we shall give a Table of the Contents of this very beautiful work. N.B.-The greater number of the Indian, German, French, and British Periodicals have been received up to a late date.

List of Patents granted for Scotland, from 22d March to 22d June 1847.

1. To CHARLES TENNANT DUNLOP, of Glasgow, in the county of Lanark, manufacturer, "improvements in the manufacture of alkali and chlorine, and in the application of the products resulting therefrom."23d March 1847.

2. TO THOMAS HUNT BARBER, of King Street, Cheapside, in the city of London, merchant, being a communication from abroad, "improvements in machinery or apparatus for dredging or excavating."—23d March 1847.

3. TO JOHN LESLIE, of Conduit Street, Hanover Square, in the county of Middlesex, tailor to Her Majesty, "improvements in the combustion gas. s."-26th March 1847.

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4. TO ALEXANder Morton, of Morton Place, Kilmarnock, " improvements in printing warps."-26th March 1847.

5. TO FRANCOIS STANILAS MELDON DE SUSSEX, manufacturing chemist, "improvements in smelting copper and other ore."-31st March 1847. 6. To ALEXANDER BAIN, of Baker Street, in the county of Middlesex, electrical engineer, "improvements in clocks and time-keepers, and in apparatus connected therewith."-31st March 1847.

7. TO WILLIAM FARTHING, of the town and borough of Kingston-uponHull, merchant, "certain improvements in the manufacture of glass.”1st April 1847.

8. TO WILLIAM HENRY HATCHER, of No. 345 Strand, in the county of Middlesex, civil-engineer, "improvements in electrical telegraphs, and in apparatus connected therewith, and also in electric clocks and timekeepers."-6th April 1847.

9. TO GEORGE FERGUSSON WILSON, of Bellmont, Vauxhall, in the county of Surrey, gentleman, "improvements in the production of light, and in the manufacture or preparation of materials applicable thereto.”—6th April 1847.

10. To JOHN Lowe, of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, civilengineer, and JAMES SIMPSON of the same place, joiner, "certain improvements applicable to carriages to be used upon railways, part of which improvements may also be used upon other roads."-7th April 1847. 11. TO BARTHOLOMEW BENIOWSKI, of Bow Street, Covent Garden, in the county of Middlesex, major in the late Polish army, "certain improvements in the apparatus for, and process of printing."-12th April 1847.

12. TO GEORGE FREDERICK MUNTZ, of Birmingham, Esquire, M.P., "an improved manufacture of metal-plates for sheathing the bottoms of ships and other vessels, and also in bolts and other the like ships' fastenings."-13th April 1847.

13. TO PATRICK MOIR CRANE, of Yuiscedwyn iron works, near Swansea, "improvements in the manufacture of iron.-13th April 1847.

14. TO WILLIAM PIDDING, of Alfred Place, Bedford Square, in the county of Middlesex, gentleman, " certain improvements in carriages."13th April 1847.

15. TO CHARLES HEARD WILD, of Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square, in the country of Middlesex, civil-engineer," improvements in constructing parts of railways."-16th April 1847.

16. TO ONESIPHORE PECQUEUR, engineer, of Paris, in the kingdom of France, "improvements in forming leather into tubes, swithes, cases, sheaths, bats, and other articles."-16th April 1847.

17. TO JOHN COATS, of Seedly, in the county of Lancaster, calico printer, "certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for cleaning the surface of woven fabrics, or freeing the same from fibrous or other loose matters previous to printing thereon."-29th April 1847.

18. TO JOSEPH WOODS, of Bucklensbury, in the city of London, engineer, being a communication from abroad," certain improvements in springs for supporting heavy bodies, and resisting sudden and continuous pressure."-30th April 1847.

19. TO LOUIS SYLVAIN GONIN, manufacturer, of Paris, in the kingdom of France, "improvements in printing stuffs, paper, and other matters." -4th May 1847.

20. TO PHILIP Burnard Ayres, of No. 12 Howland Street, Fitzroy Square, in the county of Middlesex, doctor of medicine, "certain plans and improvements in preparing putrescent organic matters, such as night soil, the matter in suspension in the water of sewers and other similar matters, for the purpose of manure or for other purposes, and for apparatus for the same."-4th May 1847.

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21. TO GEORGE COPELAND, of 37 Frederick Street, Edinburgh, instrument or apparatus for measuring the human body, for the purpose of fitting garments with ease and accuracy, without reference to the proportions of the breast and shoulder measures, and which invention he names the Corporimensor.”—5th May 1847.

22. TO THOMAS WATERHOUSE, of Edgeley, in the borough of Stockport, in the county of Chester, cotton manufacturer, "certain mechanical improvements applicable to railway engines and tenders, and to railway carriages of various kinds."-8th May 1847.

23. TO MAXIMILIAN FRANCOIS JOSEPH DELFOSSE, of Regent Street, in the county of Middlesex, Esquire, " improvements in preventing and removing incrustation in steam-boilers."-13th May 1847.

24. TO CONRAD HAVERKAM GREENHOW, of North Shields, gentleman, "improvements in the construction of ships or vessels, and in propelling ships and vessels."-14th May 1847.

25. TO SAMUEL HARDACRE, of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, machinist, "certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for opening and for carding cotton and other fibrous substances, and for grinding the cards of carding engines."-17th May 1847.

26. TO GEORGE BENJAMIN THORNEYCROFT, of Wolverhampton, in the county of Stafford, iron-master, "improvements in the manufacture of rails for railways."-18th May 1847.

27. TO GARDNER STOW, of King Street, Cheapside, in the city of London, gentleman, being a communication from abroad, “ improvements in the construction of steam-vessels, and in apparatus for propelling ships and other vessels."-18th May 1847.

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28. TO REGINALD JAMES BLEWITT, of Llantarnam Abbey, Newport, in the county of Monmouth, Esquire, improvements in the manufacture of malleable iron."-24th May 1847.

29. TO SOLOMON LEATHAM, of Leeds, in the county of York, overlooker, improvements in roving and spinning flax and other fibres."24th May 1847.

30. TO CHRISTIAN SCHIELE, of Frankfort-on-the-Maine, but now of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, mechanician, " certain improvements in machinery, or apparatus for condensing steam, which said improvements are also applicable to other similar purposes.'-28th May 1847.

31. TO JEAN MARIE FOURMENTIN, of New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, gentleman, "improvements in the manufacture of carbonate of lead.". 28th May 1847.

32. TO THOMAS BARTLETT SIMPSON, of Threadneedle Street, in the city of London, gentleman, " certain improvements in propelling, and in machinery employed therein."-2d June 1847.

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33. TO EDMUND MOREWOOD, of Thornbridge, in the county of Derby, merchant, and GEORGE ROGERS, of Stearndale, in the same county, gentleman, improvements in the manufacture of iron into sheets, plates, or other forms, in coating iron, and in preparing iron for coating and other purposes."-7th June 1847.

34. TO GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART, of Brynkir, in the county of Carnarvon, Esquire, " certain improved apparatus for the cultivation of land." -7th June 1847.

35. JOHN HILL, of Hulme, near Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, machine-maker, "improvements in looms for weaving certain kinds of cloth."-9th June 1847.

36. TO FRANCIS BOWES STEVENS, of Haboken, in the county of Hudson, in the State of New Jersey, in the United States of America, engineer (being a communication), " improvements in applying means and apparatus to ships and vessels to improve their speed."-9th June 1847. 37. TO ELIJAH GALLOWAY, of Buckingham Street, Strand, in the county of Middlesex, civil-engineer, “ improvements in rotatory engines, and in locomotive carriages, railways, and wheels for carriages."-11th June 1847.

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28. JOHN LANE, of Oriel Street, Liverpool, brewer, " improvements in railway carriages and engines."-11th June 1847.

39. TO ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the office for Patents, No. 66 Chancery Lane, in the county of Middlesex, mechanical draughtsman, being a communication from abroad, improved apparatus to be applied to steam boilers."-11th June 1847.

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40. TO JOHN HEALEY, of Bolton, in the county of Lancaster, machinemaker, a new and improved woven fabric, and also certain improvements in machinery for producing the same."-15th June 1847.

41. TO CHARLES LARRAD, of Leicester, machinist, "improvements in machinery for cutting wood for the manufacture of bobbins and other articles."-15th June 1847.

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42. THOMAS RUSSELL CRAMPTON, of the Adelphi, in the county of Middlesex, engineer, “ improvements in locomotive engines,”—15th June 1847.

43. To ALFRED BRETT, of Holborn Bars, gentleman, and GEORGE LITTLE, of High Holborn, electrical engineer," improvements in electric telegraphs, and in arrangements and apparatus to be used therein and therewith, part of which improvements are also applicable to time-keepers and other useful purposes."-15th June 1847.

44. TO PIERRE FREDERIC GOUGY, of Leicester Square, in the county of Middlesex, gentleman, "improvements in apparatus and machinery for raising, lifting, and otherwise moving heavy bodies,"-16th June 1847