His doubt that he had done Yeruti wrong; For something more than common seem'd impress'd; And now he thought that certes it were best From the youth's lips his own account to hear; Haply the father then to his request Might yield, regarding his desire sincere, Nor wait for further time if there were aught to fear. 63. Considerately the Jesuit heard, and bade The youth be called. Yeruti told his tale. Nightly these blessed spirits came, he said, To warn him he must come within the pale Of Christ without delay; nor must he fail This warning to their pastor to repeat, Till the renewed entreaty should prevail. Life's business then for him would be complete, And 'twas to tell him this they left their starry seat. 64. Came they to him in dreams?- he could not tell; Sleeping or waking now small difference made; For even, while he slept, he knew full well That his dear Mother and that darling Maid Both in the Garden of the Dead were laid; And yet he saw them as in life, the same, Save only that in radiant robes array'd, And round about their presence when they came There shone an effluent light as of a harmless flame. 65. And where he was he knew, the time, the place, All circumstantial things to him were clear. That dearest love unchanged they came to show; And he must be baptized, and then he too might go. 66. With searching ken the Jesuit, while he spake, Perused him, if in countenance or tone Aught might be found appearing to partake Of madness. Mark of passion there was none; None of derangement: in his eye alone, As from a hidden fountain emanate, Something of an unusual brightness shone: But neither word nor look betrayed a state Of wandering, and his speech, though carnest, was sedate. 67. Regular his pulse, from all disorder free, He had no want, no pain, no grief, no fear; But he must be baptized; he could not tarry here. 68. Thy will be done, Father in heaven who art! His feeling was that hour with fear allied; And while he knelt his eyes seem'd larger and more bright. 69. His wish hath been obtain'd; and this being done, His soul was to its full desire content. The day in its accustom'd course pass'd on; The Indian mark'd him ere to rest he went, How o'er his beads, as he was wont, he bent, And then, like one who casts all care aside, Lay down. The old man fear'd no ill event, When," Ye are come for me!" Yeruti cried; “Yes, I am ready now!" and instantly he died. NOTES. So he, forsooth, a shapely boot must wear. - Proem, p. 501. His leg had been set by the French after their conquest of Pamplon, and re set after his removal to his father's house. The latter operation is described as having been most severe, but borne by him, in his wonted manner, without any manifestation of suffering. For some time his life was despaired of. "When the danger of death was past, and the bones were knit and becoming firm, two inconveniences remained: one occasioned by a portion of bone below the knee, which procontraction of the leg, which prevented him from walking jected so as to occasion some deformity; the other was a erect or standing firmly on his feet. Now, as he was very solicitous about his appearance, and intended at that time to follow the course of a military life, which he had begun, he inquired of his medical attendants, in the first place, whether the bone could be removed, which stood out in so unsightly a manner. They answered that it was possible to remove it, but the operation would be exceedingly painful, much more so than any which he had before undergone. He nevertheless directed them to cut it out, that he might have his will, and (as he himself related in my hearing, says Ribadencira) that he might wear fashion ble and well-fitting boots. Nor could he be dissuaded from this determination. He would not consent to be bound during the operation, and went through it with the same firmness of mind which he had manifested in the former operations. By this means the deformity of the bone was removed. The contraction of the leg was in some degree relieved by other applications, a d especially by certain machines, with which, during many days, and with great and continual pain, it was stretched; nevertheless it could not be so extended, but that it always remained something shorter than the other." —Ribadeneira, Vita S. Ignatü Loyola, Acta SS. Jul. t. 7, p. 59. A close-fitting boot seems to have been as fashionable at one time as close-fitting innominables of buckskin were about the year 1790; and perhaps it was as severe an operation to "The greasy shoemaker," get into them for the first time. says Tom Nash, with his squirrel's skin, and a whole stall of ware upon his arm, enters, and wrencbeth his legs for an hour together, and after shows his tally. By St. Loy that draws deep." edition. - Nash's Lenten Stuff. Harl. Miscel. vol. ii. p. 289, 8vo | de la tierra, son los pics: quiso sin duda que fuera la parte mas The operation of fitting a Spanish dandy with short-laced quarter-boots is thus minutely described by Juan de Zavaleta, who was historiographer at the commencement of Carlos the Second's reign. Entra el zapatero oliendo á cansado. Saca de las hormas los zapatos, con tanta dificultad como si desoliara las hormas. Sientase en una silla el galan; hincase el zapatero de rodillas, apo derase de una pierna con tantos tirones y desagrados, como si le embiaran a que le diera tormento. Mete un calzador en el talon del zapato, encapillale otro en la punta del pie, y luego empieza a guiar el zapato por encima del calzador. Apenas ha caminado poco mas que los dedos del pie, quando es menester arrastrarle con unas tenazas, y aun arrastrado se resiste. Ponese en pie el paciente fatigado, pero contento de que los zapatos le vengan angostos; y de orden del zapatero da tres ó quatro patadas en el suelo, con tanta fuerza, que pues no se quiebra, deve de ser de bronze. humilde de su fabrica: pero los galanes viciosos les quitan la humildad con los aliños, y los ensoberrecen con el candedo. Enfada esto a Dios tanto, que aviendo de hazer al hombre animal que pisasse la tierra, hizo la tierra de tal calidad, que se pudiesse imprimir en ella la huella del hombre. Abierta dera su sepultura el pie que se levanta, y parece que se levanta de la sepultura. Tremendad crueldad es enloquecer con el adorno al que se quiere tragar la tierra a cada passo. El dia de Fiesta. Obras de D. Juan de Zavaleta, p. 179, 180. "In comes the shoemaker in the odor of haste and fatigue. He takes the shoes off the last with as much difficulty as if he were skinning the lasts. The gallant seats himself upon a chair; the shoemaker kneels down, and takes possession of one foot, which he handles as if he were sent there to administer the torture. He puts one shoeing-skin in the heel of the shoe, fits the other upon the point of the foot, and then begins to guide the shoe over the shoeing-skin. Scarcely has it got farther than the toes when it is found necessary to draw it on with pincers, and even then it is hard work. The patient stands up, fatigued with the operation, but well pleased that the shoes are tight; and by the shoemaker's directions he stamps three or four times on the floor, with such force that it must be of iron if it does not give way. Acoreados dan de si el cordovan y la suela; pellejos en fin de animales, que obedecen a golpes. Buelvese a sentar el tal señor, dubla ázia fuera el copete del zapato, cogele con la boca de las tenazas, hinca el oficial junto a el entrambas rodillas, ofirmase en el suelo con la mano izquierda, y puesto de bruzas sobre el pie, hecho arco los dos dedos de la mano derecha que forman el jeme, "The cordovan and the soles being thus beaten, submit; va con ellos ayudando a llevar por el empeine arriba el cordovan, they are the skins of animals who obey blows. Our gallant de quien tira con las tenazas su dueño. Buelve a ponerse en una returns to his seat, he turns up the upper leather of the shoe, rod lla, como primero estava; en puña con la una mano la puntu and lays hold on it with the pincers; the tradesman kneels del pie, y con la palma de la otra da sobre su mano tan grandes | close by him on both knees, rests on the ground with his left golpes como si los diera con una pala de jugar a la pelota; que hand, and bending in this all-four's position over the foot, es la necessidad tan discreta, que se haze el pobre el mal a si mis-making an arch with those fingers of the right hand which mo, por no hazersele a aquel de quien necessita. form the span, assists in drawing on the upper part of the cordovan, the gallant pulling the while with the pincers. He then puts himself on one knee, lays hold of the end of the foot with one hand, and with the palm of the other strikes his own hand as hard as if he were striking a ball with a racket. For necessity is so discreet that the poor man inflicts this pain upon himself that he may give none to the person of whose custom he stands in need. Ajustaca ya la punta del pie, acude al talon; humedece con la lengua les remates de las costuras, porque no falseen las costuras de secas por los remates. Tremenda vanidad, sufrir en sus pies un hombre la boca de otro hombre, solo por tener aliñados los pies! Desdobla el zapatero el talon, dase una buelta con el calzador a la mano, y empieza a encazar en el pie la segunda porcion del zapato. Manda que se bare la punta, y hazese lo que manda. Llama ázia a si el zapato con tal fuerza, que entre su cuerpo, y el espal "The end of the foot being thus adjusted, he repairs to the dar de la silla abrevia torpe y desalinadamente al que calza. heel, and with his tongue moistens the end of the seams, that Dizele luego que haga talon, y el hombre obedece como un esclaro. they may not give way for being dry. Tremendous vanity, Ordenale despues que dé en el suelo una patada, y el dà la pata- that one man should allow the mouth of another to be applied da, como se le ordena. Buelve a sentarse; saca el cruel minis- to his feet that he may have them trimly set out! The shoetro el calzador del empeine, y por donde salió el calzador mete un maker unfolds the heel, turns round with the shoeing-skin in palo, que llaman costa, y contra el buelve y rebuelve el sacaboca- his hand, and begins to fit the second part of the shoe upon the dos, que saca los bocados del cordovan, para que entren las cintas; foot. He desires the gallant to put the end of the foot down, y dera en el empeine del pie un dolor, y unas señales, como si hu- and the gallant does as he is desired. He draws the shoe vera sacado de alli los bocados. Aguijerea las orejas, passa la towards him with such force that the person who is thus being cinta con una aguja, lleva las orejas a que cierren el zapato, shoed is compressed in an unseemly manner between the ajustalos, y da luego con tanta fuerza el nudo, que si pudieran shoemaker's body and the back of the chair. Presently he ahogar a un hombre por la garganta del pie, le ahogara. Haze tells him to put his heel down, and the man is as obedient as a la rosa despues con mas cuydado que gracia. Buelve a dera- slave. He orders him then to stamp upon the ground, and narse a la mano el calzador, que está colgando del talon; tira del the man stamps as he is ordered. The gallant then seats himcomo quien retoca, dá con la otra mano palmadas en la planta, self again; the cruel operator draws the shoeing-skin from como quien assienta, y saca el calzador, echandose todo ázia atrás. the instep, and in its place drives in a stick which they call Pone el galan el pie en el suelo, y quedase mirandole. Levan-costa.f He then turns upon it the punch, which makes the tase el zapatero, arrasa con el dedo el sudor de la frente, y queda holes in the leather, through which the ribands are to pass; respirando como si kuriera corrido. Todo esto se ahorrara con he again twists round his hand the strip of hare's-skin which hazer el zapato un poco mayor que el pie. Padecen luego en-hangs from the heel, and pulls it as if he were ringing a bell, trambos otro tanto con el pie segundo. Llega el ultimo y fiero trance de darle el dinero. Recoge el oficial sus baratijas. Recibe su estipendio, sale por la puerta de la sala mirando si es buena la plata que le han dado, dexandɔ á su ducno de movimientos tan torpes como si le huviera echado unos grillos. Si pensarán los que se calzan apretado que se achican el pie. Si lo piensan se enganan. Los huessos no se pueden meter unos en otros con esto es fuerza que si le quitan de lo largo al zapato, se doble el pie por las coyunturas, y crezca ázia arriba lo que le menguan de adelante. Si le estrechan lo ancho, es preciso que se alargue aquella carne oprimida. Con la misma cantidad de pie que se tenian, se quedan los que calzan sisado. Lo que hazen es atormentarse, y dexar los pies de pcor hechura. El animal á quien mas largos pies diò la naturaleza se un su cantidad, es el hombre; porque, como ha de andar todo el cuerpo sobre ellos, y no son mas de dos, quiso que anduriesse seguro. El que se los quiere abreviar, gana parece que tiene de caer, y de caer en los vicios, donde se hará mayor mal, que en las piedras. La parte que le puso Dios al hombre en la fabrica de su cuerpo mas cerca and leaves upon the upper part of the top such pain and marks as if he had punched the holes in it. He bores the ears, passes the string through with a bodkin, brings the ears together that they may fasten the shoe, fits them to their intended place, and ties the knot with such force, that if it were possible to strangle a man by the neck of his foot, strangled the gallant would be. Then he makes the rose, with more care than grace. He goes then to take out the shoeing skin, which is still hanging from the heel; he lays hold of this, strikes the sole of the foot with his other hand as if settling it, and draws out the skin, bringing out all with it. The gallant puts his foot to the ground, and remains looking at it. The shoemaker rises, wipes the sweat from his forehend with his fingers, and draws his breath like one who has been running. All this A plece of hare's-skin is used in Spain for this purpose, as it appears by the former extract from Tom Nash that squirrel's-skin was in England. Which is used to drive in upon the last, to raise a shoe higher in the instep. trouble might have been saved by making the shoe a little larger than the foot. Presently both have to go through the same pains with the other foot. Now comes the last and terrible act of payment. The tradesman collects his tools, receives his money, and goes out at the door, looking at the silver to see if it is good, and leaving the gallant walking as much at his ease as if he had been put in fetters. "If they who wear tight shoes think that thereby they can lessen the size of their feet, they are mistaken. The bones carnot be squeezed one into another; if therefore the shoe is made short, the foot must be crooked at the joints, and grow upward if is not allowed to grow forward. If it is pinched in the broadth, the flesh which is thus constrained must extend itself in length. They, who are shod thus miserably remain with just the same quantity of foot. "Of all animals, man is the one to which, in proportion to its size, nature has given the largest feet; because as his whole body is to be supported upon them, and he has only two, she chose that he should walk in safety. He who wishes to abbreviate them acts as if he were inclined to fall, and to fall into vices which will do him more injury than if he fell upon stones. The feet are the part which in the fabric of the human body are placed nearest to the earth; they are meant therefore to be the humblest part of his fram", but gallants take away all humility by adorning and setting them forth in bravery. This so displeases the Creator, that having to make man an animal who should walk upon the earth, he made the earth of such properties, that the footsteps should sink into it. The foot which is lifted from the ground leaves its own grave open, and seems as if it rose from the grave. What a tremendous thing is it then to set off with adornments that which the earth wishes to devour at every step!" Vede quanto importa a liçaõ de bons livros! Sc o livro fora de cavallerias, sahiria Ignacio hum grande cavalleyro; foy hum livro de vidas de Santos, sahio hum grande Santo. Se lera cavallerias, sahiria Ignacio hum Cavalleyro da ardente espada; leo vidus de Santos, sahio hum Santo da ardente tocha.- Vieyra, Sermum de S. Ignacio, t. i. 368. See, says Vieyra, the importance of reading good books. If it had been a book of knight-errantry, Ignacio would have become a great knight-errant; it was the Lives of the Saints, and Ignatius became a great saint. If he had read about knights, he might have proved a Knight of the Burning Sword: he read about saints, and proved a Saint of the Burning Torch. Nothing could seem more probable than that Cervantes had this part of Loyola's history in his mind when he described the rise of Don Quixote's madness, if Cervantes had not shown himself in one of his dramas to be thoroughly imbued with the pestilent superstition of his country. El dichoso Rufian is one of those monstrous compositions which nothing but the antichristian fables of the Romish church could have produced. Landor, however, supposes that Cervantes intended to satirize a favorite dogma of the Spaniards. The passage occurs in his thirteenth conversation. "The most dexterous attack ever made against the worship among catholics, which opens so many side-chapels to pilfering and imposture, is that of Cervantes. "Leopold. I do not remember in what part. "President. Throughout Don Quixote. Dulcinea was the peerless, the immaculate, and death was denounced against all who hesitated to admit the assertion of her perfections. Surely your highness never could have imagined that Cervantes was such a knight-errant as to attack knight-errantry, a folly that had ceased more than a century, if indeed it was any folly at all; and the idea that he ridiculed the poems and romances founded on it is not less improbable, for they contained all the literature of the nation, excepting the garniture of chapter-houses, theology, and pervaded, as with a thread of goll, the beautiful histories of this illustrious people. He delighted the idlers of rom ince by the jokes he scattered amongst them on the false taste of his predecessors and of his rivals; and he delighted his own heart by this solitary archery ; well knowing what amusement those who came another day would find in picking up his arrows and discovering the bull'seye hits. "Charles V. was the knight of La Mancha, devoting his labors and vigils, his wars and treaties, to the chimerical idea of making all minds, like watches, turn their indexes by a simultaneous movement to one point. Sancho Panza was the symbol of the people, possessing sound sense in all other matters, but ready to follow the most extravagant visionary in this, and combining implicit belief in it with the grossest sensuality. For religion, when it is hot enough to produce enthusiasm, burns up and kills every seed intrusted to its bosom.” — Imaginary Conversations, vol. i. 187. Benedetto di Virgilio, the Italian ploughman, thus describes the course of Loyola's reading, in his heroic poem upon that Saint's life. Mentre le vote indebolite vene Stass' egli rinforzando d poco d poco Quinci comanda, che i volumi ornati I volumi vergati in dolci canti Il volume, che spiega in ogni parte Tutto giocondo à contemplar s'appiglia Onde del buon Gieso nacque la pianta. Contempla dopo il Serafico Magno Quinci ritrova il Celestin, che spande Quivi s'avisa, come il buon Norcino Un giorno quereggiand) su 'l Casino Guasto tempio sacrato al cieco Averno, Legge come Brunone al divin Regge Chiara tra l'altre nota e Caterina, E tra i Romiti mira Ilarione, Mentre in questo penetra e meglio intende Qual duro ghiaccio sovra e monti alpini Com' altri nel cri. tallo, o nel diamante Ignatio Loiola. Roma, 1647. Canto 2. The Jesuits, however, assure us, that Loyola is not the author of their society, and that it is not allowable either to think or say so. Societas Jesu ut à S. Ignatio de Loiola non ducit nomen, ita neque originen primam, et aliud sentire aut loqui, nefas. (Imago primi Sæculi Soc. Jesu, p. 64.) Jesus primus ac præcipuus auctor Societatis is the title of a chapter in this their secular volume, which is a curious and very beautiful book. Then follows Beata Virgo nutrir, patrona, imò altera velut auctor Societatis. Lastly, Post Christum et Mariam Societatis Auctor et Parens sanctus Ignatius. "On the 26th August, 1794, the French plundered the rich church of Loyola, at Azpeitia, and proceeding to Elgoibas, loaded five carts with the spoils of the church of that place. This party of marauders consisted of 200. The peasants collected, fell upon them, and after an obstinate conflict of three hours, recovered the whole booty, which they conveyed to Vittoria in triumph. Among other things, a relic of Loyola was recovered, which was carried in procession to the church, the victorious peasants accompanying it."-Marcillac, Hist. de la Guerre de l'Espagne, p. 86. Vaccination. - Canto I. st. 1. It is odd that in Hindostan, where it might have been supposed superstition would have facilitated the introduction of this practice, a pious fraud was found necessary for removing the prejudice against it. Mooperal Streenivaschary, a Brahmin, thus writes to Dr. Anderson, at Madras, on vaccine inoculation. "It might be useful to remove a prejudice in the minds of the people, arising from the term cow-pock, being taken literally in our Tamul tongue; whereas there can be no doubt that it has been a drop of nectar from the exuberant udders of the cows in England, and no way similar to the humor discharged from the tongue and feet of diseased cattle in this country."-FORBES's Oriental Memoirs, vol. iii. p. 423. For tyrannous fear dissolved all natural bonds of man. Canto I. st. 3. Mackenzie gives a dreadful picture of the effect of small-pox among the North American Indians. "The small-pox spread its destructive and desolating power, as the fire consumes the dry grass of the field. The fatal infection spread around with a baneful rapidity, which no flight could escape, and with a fatal effect that nothing could resist. It destroyed with its pestilential breath whole families and tribes; and the horrid scene presented to those who had the melancholy and afflicting opportunity of beholding it, a combination of the dead, the dying, and such as, to avoid the horrid fate of their friends around them, prepared to disappoint the plague of its prey, by terminating their own existence. "The habits and lives of these devoted people, which provided not to-day for the wants of to-morrow, must have heightened the pains of such an affliction, by leaving them not only without remedy, but even without alleviation. Nought was left them but to submit in agony and despair. "To aggravate the picture, if aggravation were possible, may be added the putrid crcasses which the wolves, with a furious voracity, dragged forth from the huts, or which were mangled within them by the dogs, whose hunger was satisfied with the disfigured remains of their masters. Nor was it uncommon for the father of a family, whom the infection had not reached, to call them around him, to represent the cruel sufferings and horrid fate of their relations, from the influence of some evil spirit, who was preparing to extirpate their race; and to incite them to bafile death, with all its horrors, by their own poniards. At the same time, if their hearts failed them in this necessary act, he was himself ready to perform the deed of mercy with his own band, as the last act of his affection, and instantly to follow them to the common place of rest and refuge from human evil.” And from the silent door the jaguar turns away. Canto I. st. 11. I may be forgiven for not having strictly adhered to natural history in this instance. The liberty which I have taken is mentioned, that it may not be supposed to have arisen from ignorance of this animal's habits. The jaguar will not attack a living horse if a dead one be near, and when it kills its prey, it drags it to its den, but is said not to eat the body till it becomes putrid. They are caught in large traps of the cage kind, baited with stinking meat, and then speared or shot through the bars. The Chalcaquines had a braver way of killing them: they provoked the animal, fronted it, received its attack upon a thick truncheon, which they held by the two ends, threw it down while its teeth were fixed in the wood, and ripped the creature up before it could recover. (Techo, p. 29.) A great profit is made by their skins. The jaguar which has once tasted human flesh becomes a most formidable animal; such a beast is called a tigre cevado, a fleshed tiger. There was one which infested the road between Santa Fé and Santiago, and had killed ten men; after which a party of soldiers were sent to destroy it. The same thing is said of the lion and other beasts of prey, probably with truth; not, as is vulgarly supposed, because they have a particular appetite for this kind of food, but because, having once fed upon man, they from that time regard him, like any animal of inferior strength, as their natural prey. "It is a constant observation in Numidia," says Bruce, "that the lion avoids and flies from the face of men, till by some accident they have been brought to engage, and the beast has prevailed against him; then that feeling of superiority, imprinted by the Creator in the heart of all animals, for man's preservation, seems to forsake him. The lion, having once tasted human blood, relinquishes the pursuit after the flock. He repairs to some highway or frequented path, and has been known, in the kingdom of Tunis, to interrupt the road to a market for several weeks; and in this he persists, till hunters or soldiers are sent out to destroy him." Dobrizhoffer saw the skin of a jaguar which was as long as the standard hide. He says, also, that he saw one attack two horses which were coupled with a thong, kill one, and drag the other away after it. A most unpleasant habit of this beast is, that in cold or wet weather he chooses to lodge within doors, and will steal into the house. A girl at Corrientes, who slept with her mother, saw one lying under the bed when she rose in the morning: she had presence of mind to bid her mother lie still, went for help, and soon rid the house of its perilous visiter. Cat-like, the jaguar is a good climber; but Dobrizhoffer tells us how a traveller who takes to a tree for shelter may profit by the position: Ia promp'a consilium; urina pro armis est: hac si tigridis ad arboris pedea minitantis oculos consperseris, salva | res est. Quâ datâ portà fuget illico. (i. 280.) He who first did this must have been a good marksman as well as a cool fellow, and it was well for him that he reserved his fire till the jaguar was within shot. Dobrizhoffer seems to credit an opinion (which is held in India of the tiger also) that the jaguar's claws are in a certain degree venomous; the scar which they leave is said to be always liable to a very painful and burning sense of heat. But that author, in his usual amusing manner, repeats many credulous notions concerning the animal; as that its burnt claws are a remedy for the tooth-ache; and that it has a mode of decoying fish, by standing neck-deep in the water, and spitting out a white foam, which allures them within reach. Techo (30) says the same thing of a large snake. An opinion that wounds inflicted by the stroke of animals of this kind are envenomed is found in the East also. Capt.in Williamson says, "However trivial the scratches made by the claws of tigers may appear, yet, whether it be owing to any noxious quality in the claw itself, to the manner in which the tiger strikes, or any other matter, I have no hesitation in saying, that at least a majority of such as have been under my notice died; and I have generally remarked, that those whose cases appeared the least alarming were most suddenly carried off. I have ever thought the perturbation arising from the nature of the attack to have a considerable share in the fatality alluded to, especially as I never knew any one wounded by a tiger to die without suffering for some days under that most dreadful symptom, a locked jaw! Such as have been wounded to appearanco severely, but accompanied with a moderate hæmorrhage, I have commonly found to recover, excepting in the rainy season: at that period I should expect serious consequences from either a bite or a scratch.” — Oriental Sports, vol. i. թ. 52. Wild beasts were so numerous and fierce in one part of Mexico, among the Otomites, that Fr. Juan de Grijalva says in his time, ia one year, more than 250 Indians were devoured by them. "There then prevailed an opinion," he proceeds, "and still it prevails among many, that those tigers and lions were certain Indian sorcerers, whom they call Nahuales, who by diabolical art transform themselves into beasts, and tear the Indians in pieces, either to revenge themselves for some offences which they have received, or to do them evil, which is the proper condition of the Devil, and an effect of his fierceSome traces of these diabolical acts have been seen in our time, for in the year 1579, the deaths of this kind being many, and the suspicion vehement, some Indians were put to ness. the question, and they confessed the crime, and were executed for it. With all this experience and proof, there are many persons who doubt these transformations, and say that the land being mountainous produces wild beasts, and the beasts being once fleshed commit these great ravages. And it was through the weak understandings of the Indians that they were persuaded to believe their conjurers could thus metamorphose themselves; and, if these poor wretches confessed themselves guilty of such a crime, it was owing to their weakness under the torture; and so they suffered for an offence which they had never committed." Father Grijalva, however, holds with his Father S. Augustine, who has said, concerning such things, hac ad nos non quibuscunque qualibus credere putaremus indignum, sed eis referentibus pervenerunt, quos nobis non existimaremus fuisse mentitos. "In the days of my Father S. Augustine," he says, "wonderful things were related of certain inn-keepers in Italy, who transformed passengers into beasts of burden, to bring to their inns straw, barley, and whatever was wanted from the towns, and then metamorphosed them into their own persons, that they might purchase, as customers, the very commodities they had carried. And in our times the witches of Logrono make so many of these transformations, that now no one can doubt them. This matter of the Nahuales, or sorcerers of Tututepec, has been confessed by so many, that that alone suffices to make it credible. The best proof which can be had is, that they were condemned to death by course of justice; and it is temerity to condemn the judges, for it is to be believed that they made all due inquiry. Gur brethren who have been ministers there, and are also judges of the interior court, (that is, of the conscience,) have all held these transformations to be certain; so that there ought to be no doubt concerning it. On the contrary, it is useful to understand it, that if at any time in heathen lands the devil should work any of these metamorphoses, the Indians may see we are not surprised at them, and do not hold them as miraculous, but can explain to them the reason and cause of these effects, which astonish and terrify them so greatly." He proceeds to show that the devil can only exercise this power as far as he is permitted by God, in punishment for sin, and that the metamorphosis is not real, but only : pparent; the sorcerer not being actually transformed into a lion, but seeming as if he were so both to himself and others. In what manner he can tear a man really to pieces with imaginary claws, and devour him in earnest with an imaginary mouth, the good friar has not condescended to explain. — Historia de la Orden de S. Augustin en la Provincia de N. España, pp. 34, 35. Preserved with horrid art In ghastly image of humanity. - Canto I. st. 13. The more ghastly in proportion as more of the appearance of life is preserved in the revolting practice. Such, however, it was not to the feelings of the Egyptians, who had as much pride in a collection of their ancestors, as one of the strongest family feeling could have in a collection of family pictures. The body, Diodorus says, is delivered to the kindred with every member so whole and entire that no part of the body seems to be altered, even to the very hairs of the eyelids and the eyebrows, so that the beauty and shape of the face seems just as before. By which means many of the Egyptians, laying up the bodies of their ancestors in stately monuments, perfectly see the true visage and countenance of those who were buried many ages before they themselves were born; so that in regarding the proportion of every one of these bodies, and the lineaments of their faces, they take exceeding great delight, even as if they were still living among them. (Book i.) They believe, says Herodotus, (Euterpe, § 123,) that on the dissolution of the body the soul immediately enters into some other animal; and that after using as vehicles every species of terrestrial, aquatic, and winged creatures, it finally enters a second time into a human body. They affirm that it undergoes all these changes in the space of three thousand years. This opinion some among the Greeks have at different periods of time adopted as their own; but I shall not, though I could, specify their names. How little did the Egyptians apprehend that the bodies |