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war with the American colonies, when the regiment was transferred to Jamaica. On the 4th of June, 1784, he was placed on the halfpay list, and he returned to Scotland. In November, 1787, whilst residing with his mother at Oskamull, he was offered the appointment of eldest lieutenant in the 77th regiment, which was one of four regiments raised at that time for service in India. The appointment was obtained through the influence of general Allen Maclean, and was conditional on his raising a quota of fifteen recruits for the regiment. This condition was the customary practice when an officer was drawn from the half-pay list and placed on full pay. Macquarie endeavoured to raise the recruits in the Highlands and amongst the Macquaries of Ulva, but failed utterly, notwithstanding the influence and exertions of his relative, the old chief or Laird of Macquarie. He thereupon travelled on foot and by ferry from Oskamull to Greenoch, a distance of nearly one hundred miles. Thence he proceeded to Glasgow and Edinburgh, where he was successful in raising the required quota. An interesting side-light is thrown on the customs of the time by Macquarie's statement,* relating to the servant he enlisted for himself, that he "dresses hair remarkably well, waits table, and plays very well upon the Fiddle."

Macquarie, with his recruits, joined the 77th regiment under colonel Marsh at Dover; his commission as lieutenant had been gazetted on the 25th of December, 1787. On the 28th of March, 1788, he embarked on the East Indiaman Dublin, and arrived at Bombay on the 3rd of August. The regiment remained in cantonments near Bombay until the 24th of November, 1790, and during this period (on the 9th of November, 1788) Macquarie was promoted to the rank of captain-lieutenant. In December, 1790, the regiment was removed to Tellicherry, and was employed in the campaign against Tippoo Sahib. In this campaign, Macquarie saw his first active service, and was present at the siege of Cannanore in December, 1790, and at the first siege of Seringapatam in February, 1792. On the 24th of December, 1790, he was appointed regimental paymaster. After peace was concluded with Tippoo Sahib, the 77th regiment returned to Bombay in April, 1792.

* This statement is contained in one of the private journals of Governor Macquarie which are preserved in the Mitchell library at Sydney. From these journals, many of the facts in this introduction have been derived.

On the 2nd of August, 1793. Macquarie received a staff appointment, under Sir Robert Abercromby, as major of brigade of the troops serving on the coast of Malabar. By this appointment, his pay was increased sufficiently to enable him to wed, and on the 8th of September, 1793, he was married at Bombay to Miss Jane Jarvis, a daughter of Thomas Jarvis, formerly chief justice of Antigua. Miss Jarvis was possessed of moderate wealth in her own right, and Macquarie, before his marriage, had paid off the debts incurred at the time of receiving his commission, and had saved sufficient money to enable him to make a small settlement on his wife.

After his marriage, Macquarie remained at Bombay as major of brigade and regimental paymaster until December, 1794. During this period, he acquired as a staff officer his first experience of the intricacies of administration, and at the same time passed the happiest days of his life as a devoted husband. In December, 1794, the 77th regiment was transferred to Calicut on the coast of Malabar, and Macquarie with his wife accompanied the regiment.

In 1795, the armies of the French Republic conquered Holland. The Stadtholder, the Prince of Orange, fled to England; and the Batavian Republic was organised in close alliance with the Republic of France. The government in India then decided to seize and hold the Dutch settlement at Cochin on behalf of the Prince of Orange. A military expedition was organised and marched from Calicut in August of that year. Macquarie was employed in this campaign, and was absent from Calicut from the 19th of August to the 30th of October. This was the first occasion on which he was parted from his wife, and the devotion of the couple is clearly shown by the entries in his diary at this period. During the months of September and October, Macquarie was present at the siege of the Dutch fort at Cochin.

In November, 1795, Macquarie and his wife returned to Bombay. Mrs. Macquarie was ailing, and had developed symptoms of consumption. Shortly after their return, an expeditionary force was formed at Bengal for the seizure of the Dutch settlements in Ceylon, and on the 3rd of January, 1796, Macquarie sailed for Ceylon, leaving his sick wife in the care of her sister and friends. On the 5th of February, 1796, a landing was effected at Negombo,

twenty-four miles north of the capital, and eleven days later the Dutch governor at Colombo capitulated. On the following day (17th February), Macquarie was sent in command of a detachment to take possession of the town and fort at Point de Galle. The Dutch garrison at Galle capitulated on the 23rd of February, and Macquarie became commandant of the town. For these services he was very highly complimented. In the meantime, he had received grave reports as to the state of his wife's health, and on the 19th of March he resigned his command at Galle to return to Bombay.

After his return to Bombay, Macquarie was informed that his wife's state of health was critical owing to the development of tuberculosis of the lungs. He was advised to take her for a sea voyage, and on the 18th of May, 1796, the devoted couple sailed on a voyage to China. The voyage did not have the desired effect of restoring her health, and Mrs. Macquarie died at Macao in China. on the 15th of July, at the early age of twenty-three years and a half. Her death was a severe blow to Macquarie, and he gave many evidences of his devotion. He removed the body to Bombay, where burial took place on the 10th of January, 1797. He was a frequent visitor to her tomb during his subsequent periods of residence at Bombay, even after he had become engaged to his second wife. For four years and two months he continuously wore crêpe on his uniform, and during the same period maintained their house at Bombay, although generally unoccupied. His fondness for lengthy inscriptions, afterwards abundantly illustrated on the public buildings of New South Wales, was shown in the epitaph which he caused to be inscribed on the monument erected over his wife's grave.

By the death of his wife, Macquarie inherited the sum of six thousand pounds. A few years later, he expended this money in the part purhcase of a portion of the Lochbuy estate in Mull, for which he paid £10,060. In memory of his wife, he named this land Jarvisfield. On his visit to Scotland during the year 1804, he formed plans for the erection of a country mansion, and the development of this estate by draining swamps and the erection of a village for crofters.

A commission bearing date 3rd of May, 1796, was granted to Macquarie as major by brevet in the 86th regiment. His military

advancement continued, and he held several important posts. During the year 1797, he was in command of the first division of the right wing of the army in the campaign against Pyche Rajah. On the 19th of May in the same year, he was appointed to the staff of general James Stuart as major of brigade, and held this post until the year 1799. During this period, he was present at the battle of Sedaseer on the 6th of March, 1798, when Tippoo Sahib's army was defeated, and at the storming of Seringapatam on the 4th of May following, when Tippoo was killed. On the 4th of December, 1799, he resumed his former appointments as major of brigade and paymaster at Bombay. During April and May, 1800, he was a member of the suite, when governor Duncan visited Surat to form a constitution and government. On the 5th of May, he was offered and accepted the confidential position of military secretary on the staff of governor Duncan, which post he held until his departure for Egypt.

At the beginning of the year 1801, an expeditionary force, under the command of general (afterwards Sir) David Baird, was formed in India to proceed to Egypt, to assist in the expulsion of the French. On the 1st of April, Macquarie was appointed deputy adjutant-general on Baird's staff, and five days later sailed from Bombay on the ship William. On the 13th of June, the disembarkation of the expedition was commenced at Cosseir. In the meantime, news had been received of the landing of the grand army under Sir Ralph Abercromby at Aboukir on the 8th of March. By the appointment of another officer as deputy adjutantgeneral, Macquarie had been superseded, but he remained on Baird's staff. During the march of the expedition across the desert to the river Nile, Macquarie was stationed at Cosseir and entrusted with the superintendence of disembarking and forwarding stores. This work was completed, and on the 27th of July he crossed the desert to Kenné on the Nile, where he embarked and sailed down the river. After stopping a few days at Cairo, he arrived at Rosetta on the 30th of August, the day on which the French garrison at Alexandria had agreed to surrender. On the 2nd of September, he was present at the formal capitulation. On the 7th of November, Macquarie's abilities were recognised by his appointment as deputy adjutant-general on the staff of the Earl of Cavan in command of all the armies in Egypt. In consequence of this appointment, a commission as lieutenant-colonel, bearing the

same date, was granted to Macquarie two years later (17th November, 1803). He continued on staff duty until the 12th of May, 1802, when he quitted headquarters at Alexandria and embarked at Suez for Bombay twelve days later, with the Indian expeditionary force.

Whilst in Egypt he learnt that his commission to an effective majority in the 86th regiment had been gazetted on the 15th January, 1801, and on his return to Bombay on the 2nd of July, 1802, he assumed the command of that regiment. He was also re-appointed military secretary on the staff of his friend and patron, governor Duncan. His sojourn in India was short, and on the 15th of November he resigned the command of his regiment in order to visit England. On the 5th of January, 1803, he resigned also his appointment as military secretary, and on the following day sailed for England on the East Indiaman Sir Edward Hughes.

During this first period of service in the Indian army, Macquarie had risen from the rank of senior lieutenant in the 77th regiment to that of major and commanding officer in the 86th. He had held several important staff appointments, and had become fully conversant with the details of the administration of government in India. He had arrived in the empire as a subaltern, indebted to his uncle for money expended in obtaining his outfit and commission; on the eve of his departure, he estimated that he was worth £14,000 in lands and money, apart from the legacy of £6,000 bequeathed to him by his wife.

Macquarie landed at Brighton in England on the 7th of May, 1803. He carried despatches from governor Duncan at Bombay, in which he was warmly commended for his services and knowledge of Indian affairs. He was well received at the war office, and by the board of control and the directors of the East India company. He was presented at Court "on his return from India," and was invited to dine with the board of directors of the company, a somewhat unusual honour.

Macquarie was not long in idleness in London. War had been declared with France, and on the 11th of July he was offered, by direction of Lord Hobart, an appointment as one of three officers on a military mission to Portugal to inquire into and report on the condition of the army of that country. In spite of strong pressure

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