sic, and I spent a very pleasant evening with him and his family. He favors the restoration of monarchy. Kalakaua was a friend to him, helped him in his times of poverty, and leased him a large tract of land at a low rental, from which he now derives a considerable income. He could not, therefore, he says, take any stand antagonistic to Kalakaua's sister, or, using his own words, "Should I oppose the queen, the spirit of Kalakaua might look down upon me disapprovingly." He said further, if some one had come among the natives just after the overthrow of the monarchy and had explained matters to them as was now being done, the attitude of the people would be different. "But," said he, "the government startled us, then wholly disregarded us, pushing us away, and now it is hard for them to do anything with us. you beat a wild mule over the head (I use his own figure) it is hard to tame him afterwards." His wife was governess of Hawaii under Kalakaua, and he governor under Lililuokalani.

When

Mr. Brown and Henry West were together when I met them, laboring for the government at $3.00 per day building a pier in Hilo harbor. They both favor restoration, and to my question as to whether or not they would prefer annexation to the present government, should restoration be impossible, they would give no answer. Realizing that it

would be impossible to maintain peace throughout the Islands without some protection even after restoration, they expressed themselves to the effect that they would favor annexation after the monarchy had been restored. "Let the request come from the native people to the United States," said they, "and all will favor annexation." They think that it is the duty of the United States, since through its influence the queen was overthrown, to restore her again.

Summing up, therefore, to the best of my judgment I should say that at least one half of what might be called the intelligent, thinking natives favor annexation unconditionally; and that the other half together with the great bulk of the people that usually follow leaders, favor the restoration of monarchy. But, should it be known that monarchy cannot be restored, the great majority, both of those who are

now Royalist leaders and those who are their followers, will favor annexation in preference to the present form of government. I am further of the opinion that if the truth could be explained to the people by someone in whom they would have confidence, three-fourths of the intelligent people together with others who would follow them would primarily want annexation.

Let me add that the Hawaiian people are not low and degraded as some anti-annexationists would have us believe. I met but one person on the Islands that could not read and write. They have had compulsory education there for years, and almost every one is versed in reading, writing, arithmetic, geography and history. They are especially well acquainted with the history of their own Islands, and with an outline, at least, of the history of the United States, still, like the peoples of other nations, the few lead and the many follow. Neither are they naturally a lazy people. They do not like work, but one usually dislikes that which one is unaccustomed to. For generations they have lived in comparative ease, the earth producing nearly all the necessities of life. They are, therefore, unaccustomed to daily toil.

Under new conditions, with proper instructions and care on the part of their leaders they will soon, in my opinion, become an industrious people.

Much has been said about leprosy. Twenty years ago it was a common thing to see a leper; today it is uncommon. During all my travels, and I was particularly watchful, I never saw a case. There are lepers on the Leper Island, but they are banished, and cared for by the government. I think, therefore, that leprosy is doomed, and that by another generation it will be as rare as among us.

The question has also been asked me, if I thought the present government could endure should annexation be refused. Unhesitatingly, I say yes, but not without trouble. I believe that there will be revolutions and bloodshed, uprisings and discontent, and property will be unsafe in a very few years if the Islands are not annexed. Through it all the government may have power to endure, but it will necessarily have to pass through these trials before contending fac

tions will have confidence in it. It may never be very stable, and the interests of the United States, and the commercial importance of the Islands to the United States are such that it is only a matter of time when they will be annexed, if they are not annexed during the present session of congress.

There is one more question, however-that concerning the legality of the revolution. Did the United States illegally interfere, or did they not? To this, I will let others who understand the situation better than I, answer. But in my opinion the overthrow of the monarchy sometime or other was as inevitable as the dawn of a new century. Wherever the Anglo-Saxon blood comes in contact with the blood of inferior peoples, it rules; and in Hawaii was repeated in a mild and peaceful way the evolutionary steps that took place in America. The white man came and he conquored the Indians. He purchased their lands from them, crowding them farther into the wilderness. Time and again they took decisive stands to stem his onward march, and time and again they were beaten farther back, for this march was destiny. So in the Sandwich Islands, from the time John Young assisted Kamehameha in conquering the Islands, the rule of the Hawaiian people was doomed, and every decade since then has brought its end nearer. The revolution that overthrew the queen was more a step in the grand evolution of events than it was a revolution, not perhaps the final step, but an important one. Had it not come in 1893 it might have come in 1894, or later, but come it would.

EDITOR'S TABLE.

WARS AND WAR CLOUDS.

These are the days when there are wars and rumors of wars; days when the whole world seems to be in commotion and suspense that is growing painful. Within the past three years there has been war between Japan and China; between Greece and Turkey; Italy has been humiliated in her war with the Kaffirs in eastern Africa; England has been vexed by uprisings in India, and half threatened coalitions in Europe against her; Austria has been on the verge of revolution, which threatened the very existence of the dual empire, through troubles arising from race jealousies among her heterogeneous people; France has been upon the verge of an uprising against the Jews within the republic; a state of war has existed in the island of Cuba for two years, and has resulted at last in bringing about strained relations between the United States and Spain, and both countries are actively engaged in making preparations for war. While all this has been going on more serious complications have arisen in the far east. There the great nations of Europe have suddenly confronted each other in attitudes, to say the least, extremely threatening. China unquestionably is in the throes of dissolution, and the great nations of Europe, that is to say, Russia, France, Germany, and England, are hovering about the dying empire like vultures about a carcass, each to rend and tear for himself and devour with greedy haste, so much as he may be able to pluck away. These great nations are now armed and equipped for war as nations never before were prepared. Engines of destructive warfare have never before attained so great perfection as now, and armies have

never before been so completely disciplined for war, and navies never before so formidable. The loss of life and treasure in the event of war under these circumstances is something fearful to contemplate, and may well make statesmen, parliaments, and monarchs hesitate to be the first to draw the sword.

And yet war will come, fearful, terrible, nation-destroying war. It may not come from present complications, the fencing of the nations may go on for some time to come, but the nations are surely drifting towards a crisis in their affairs, the end of which will be the dreadful shock of battle, of devastating war, which, when it is over, will doubtless leave the political map of the world very materially changed.

It is with no feeling of pleasure that we contemplate such a prospect.. We would rather think of men beating their swords into plow-shares and their spears into pruning hooks and the nations learning war no more than to think of them pursuing an opposite course; but one cannot close his eyes to the trend of events, to the increased rapacity of nations as manifested in their "earth hunger," in commercial jealousies, and the desire for supremacy. Nor can we ignore what God has revealed upon this head. In that great revelation which the Lord gave through the Prophet Joseph Smith concerning the great war of the Rebellion, he also spoke of other wars which should involve other nations, and of other calamities which should bring distress upon mankind. The language is:

And the Southern States shall call upon other nations, even the nation of Great Britain, as it is called, and they shall call also upon other nations, in order to defend themselves against other nations, and thus war shall be poured out upon all nations, and thus with the sword

and by bloodshed, the inhabitants of the earth shall mourn; and with famine, and plague, and earthquakes, and the fierce and vivid lightning, also, shall the inhabitants of the earth be made to feel the wrath and indignation and chastening hand of an Almighty God, until the consumption decreed, hath made a full end of all nations.

With such a prediction as this standing in a prophecy so much of which has been fulfilled, and so remarkably fulfilled, one cannot afford to ignore the part that still remains to be