13,684,700 7,651,500 414,800 The objects to which the capital was applied in 1897 are classified, as nearly as practicable, as follows: Foreign government loans.... Indian and colonial gov'ment loans... British railways... Indian and colonial railways. 7,465,000 4,378,000 Hotels, theaters, and entertainments.. 5,016,500 3,304,100 Foreign railways.. Mining Companies- Westralian. Other Australian.. South African.. 2,326,600 Docks, harbors, and shipping.. 1,682,000 380,000 Mineral-water companies.. 3,716,000 Other mines.. 4,904,500 Miscellaneous.... 13,156,300 Land and finance companies. 7,812,900 Cycles and appliances... Customs Tariff of the United Kingdom. Articles subject to import duties in the United Kingdom, and the rate of duty levied upon each article according to the tariff in operation at the present time: Cocoa. Raw, per lb., 1d.; husks and shells, per cwt., 2s.; cocoa or chocolate, ground, prepared, or in any way manufactured, per lb., 2d. Coffee. Raw, per cwt., 14s.: kiln-dried, roasted, or ground, per lb., 2d. Chicory.-Raw or kiln-dried, per cwt., 13s. 3d.; roasted or ground, per lb., 2d.; coffee, chicory, or other vegetable matter applicable to the uses of coffee or chicory, roasted and ground, mixed, per lb., 2d. Fruit (Dried).-Currants, 2s. per cwt.; figs, fig-cake, plums, prunes, and raisins, 7s. per cwt. Tea, per lb., 4d. Tobacco, per lb.-Unmanufactured: containing in every 100 lbs. weight thereof 10 lbs. or more of moisture, 3s. 2d.; containing less than 10 lbs. of moisture, 3s. 6d.; manufactured: cigars, 58. ; cavendish or negrohead, 48, 6d. ; cavendish or negrohead manufactured in bond, 4s.; snuff, containing in every 100 lbs. weight thereof more than 13 lbs. of moisture, 3s. 9d.; not more than 13 lbs. of moisture, 4s. 6d. ; other manufactured tobacco, 4s. Wine, per gallon-Not exceeding 30 degrees of proof spirit, ls. ; exceeding 30 but not exceeding 42 degrees of proof spirit, 2s. 6d. With an additional duty of 3d. per gallon for every degree or part of a degree beyond the highest above charged. The word "degree" does not include fraetions of the next higher degree. Wine includes lees of wine. The duty on sparkling wine imported in bottle, in addition to the duties in respect of alcoholic strength, 2s. Beer of the descriptions called mum, spruce, or black beer, and Berlin white beer, and other preparations, whether fermented or not fermented, of a character similar to mum, spruce, or black beer, where the worts thereof were, before fermentation, of a specific gravity not exceeding 1.215 degrees, for every 36 gallons, £138.; exceeding 1.215 degrees, £1 12s. 10d. Beer of any other description, where the worts thereof were, before fermentation, of a specific gravity of 1.055 degrees, for every 36 gallons, 7s.; and so on in proportion for any difference in gravity. Spirits or Strong Waters. Spirits of any description (except perfumed spirits), including naphtha or methylic alcohol, purified so as to be potable; and mixtures and preparations containing spirits, per proof gallon, 10s. 6d. ; perfumed spirits, per gallon, 17s. 3d.; liqueurs, cordials, or other preparations containing spirits, in bottle, entered in such a manner as to indicate that the strength is not to be tested, per gallon, 14s. 8d.; and so in proportion for any less quantity. Chloroform, per lb., 3s. 1d. Chloral Hydrate, per lb., Is. 3d. FRANCE. Confectionery, in the manufacture of which spirit has been used, in addition to any other existing Ether, Acetic, per lb., 1s. 10d. 423 Ether, Sulphuric, per gallon, £1 6s. 2d. 25 Ether, Butyric, per gallon, 15s. 8d. Ethyl, Iodide of, per gallon, 13s. 7d. Soap (Transparent), in the manufacture of which spirit has been used, per lb., 3d. Playing Cards, per dozen packets, 3s. 9d. CUSTOMS DRAWBACKS. Coffee.-On roasted coffee exported as ships' stores, a drawback equal in amount to the import duty Snuff.-Upon snuff manufactured in Great Britain and Ireland, on the exportation thereof or on FRANCE. Area and Population. The present area of France is 204,092 English square miles. By the census of 1891 the population was 38,343,192, while that of 1896 shows 38,517,975, or 188.7 population per square mile. The number of foreigners residing in France (census 1896) constituted 2.66 per cent. of the whole inhabitants, or 127,491 persons, of whom, at the census of 1891, 465,860 were Belgians and 286,042 Italians. DISTRIBUTION BY OCCUPATIONS. The number of French citizens abroad in 1891 was 517,000; the home residents are classified according to the following employments: Employees, etc. 3,570,016 Industry 3,021,659 207,222 etc. Workmen. 75,400 2,890,183 3,319,217 Transport...... 62,501 138,707 245,979 730,040 22,106 1,199,333 3.1 Commerce.. 879,969 378,318 480,344 1,983,441 239,424 3,961,496 10.4 Public force.. 558,186 781 2,908 141,611 12,138 715,624 1.9 Administration 202,205 7,620 30,348 426,816 32,526 699,611 1.8 Professional. 420,133 78.024 29,819 449,500 137,397 1,114,873 2.9 Private fortune.... 956,729 13,021 7,104,859 899,099 106,061 781,115 312,824 2,169,750 5.7 Unclassed..... 1,304,250 3.4 The French are remarkably non-migratory, as will appear from the following figures of emigrants for a series of years: State Finances. The following official figures represent the yearly expenditures of the French Government from resources derived from taxes and loans, but do not include the 'budget sur ressources spéciales": 146,389,175 3,375,761,428 3,287,908,973 1895. 3,416,117,018 1897 (budget estimated).. 3,392,554,662 1898 (budget estimated).. 3,361,878,936 3,361,878,936 3,422,632,679 NATIONAL DEBT. The following table shows the interest and annuities to be paid under the various heads of the public debt, according to the budget estimates of 1898: The agricultural lands of France comprise 36,977,100 hectares under crops, fallow, and grasses and 8,397,131 hectares under forest. The following statement shows the chief crops and the acreage of each crop for the years named: The imports and exports and cider production are for the ten first months. Silk culture is carried on in 27 departments of France-most extensively in Drôme, Gard Ardèche, and Vaucluse. In 1896, 145,310 persons were employed in this industry; the production of Cocoons was 9,318,765 kilogrammes; 315,300 kilogrammes of cocoons were exported, valued at 2,932,290 franes, and 2,807,500 kilogrammes of raw silk, valued at 62,567,250 francs. (1 kilogramme = 2.2046. pounds avdps.) 9,400,000 1,845,000 15,141,000 5,895,000 1,569,000 31,609,000 4,492,000 1,724,000 15,541,000 6,356,000 1,696,000 25,587,000 8,818,000 1,783,000 8,074,000 5,051,250 1,288,000 6,789,000 At the date of the latest official data (1893), the productive equipment of France, so far as respects her textile industries, was as follows: The following statement of the imports and exports of cotton yarn and cloth, and woolens and #iks, affords some indication of the status of these industries, expressed in millions of francs : Yarn. Cloth. Yarn. Cloth. Yarn. Cloth. Yarn. Cloth. Imp'ts. Exp'ts. Tissues. Tissues. Foreign Commerce. In the following statistics of imports and exports of merchandise "General Trade "includes a'l goods entering or leaving the country, while "Special Trade" includes only imports for home use and exports of French origin, expressed in francs: The chief divisions of "general" and "special" trades were, in millions of francs: Total........... 4,437 3,854 3,850 3,720 3,799 3,956 3,753 3,236 3,078 3,374 3,400 3,598 The chief articles of import and export in the "Special Trade," expressed in millions of francs were as follows: Imports Raw wool.... Wines..... Raw silk.. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 307 365 344 294 280 180 266 123 247 130 150 155 157 148 136 134 111 116 Prepared skins. 81 105 177 175 105 247 270 323 294 265 242 23: 161 164 131 11 93 118 10 9 8 4 Year ending June 30. 1888.. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. Commerce with the United States. The principal articles of import from the United States for the year ending June 30, 1897, we Agricultural implements, $623,956; breadstuffs-corn, $2,113,628; oats, $912,325; copper and manuf |