Shall or will; as, I shall advise, or I will advise.

What are the signs of the second future?

Shall or will have; as, I shall have advised, or I will have advised.

Have you anything else to observe concerning the tenses ?

Yes; we may note three forms of expressing the present and past tenses of the indicative mood of the verb active:

1. The common form- I advise,

I advised.

2. The emphatic form- I do advise, I did advise. 3. The continuate form- I am advising, I was advising. Have all the moods the six divisions of time you have mentioned ?

No; only the indicative and subjunctive may be said to have the six divisions of time, as the potential mood has no second future.

Are the signs do, did, have, had, shall, or will, and, shall or will have, used to each of the moods ?

No, they are used only to the indicative.

Name the signs of the Potential mood?

May or can, might or could, should have, might have, and shall have.

What are the signs of the Subjunctive mood?

The same as the indicative and potential, with the addition of "if" or some other word implying or marking a condition.

What have you to say respecting the time of the Imperative mood?

The imperative mood has only present time.

What has time to do with the Infinitive mood?

Nothing; for the verb in the infinitive mood is not confined by time.

Have you anything to say concerning the infinitive mood?

Yes; though the infinitive mood is not confined by time, it has three ways of expressing time-present, past, and future.

Give instances of the three ways expressing the infinitive mood.

Present time, to advise.

Past time, to have advised.

Future, to be about to advise.

Well; now a few words about the participle.

What is the meaning of the word Participle? Participle means, to partake of; from the Latin word, pars, a part.

What does the participle partake of?

It partakes of the verb and adjective; or, it is partly a a verb, and partly an adjective.

How is the participle known?
By its peculiar form.

Now define a participle.

A participle is that peculiar form of the verb which partakes both of the nature of a verb and adjective.

How many participles are there?

Two; Present and Past, or Active and Passive.

Repeat the participles.

Active participle, advising.

Do you remember the instance you gave in the

first course (p.27) of the use of the participles?

Yes: "Two blind men followed Jesus, crying and say

ing." The words crying and saying are participles. Yes-of the active form; now give an instance of the passive form; that is, ending with d, or ed. The patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt, Acts, vii. 9.

It may be, that the following interesting and ingenious piece of poetry by Southey, will convey to the pupil at once, an idea of the active participle; and though not inserted to be committed to memory, may nevertheless be made useful in various ways:

THE CATARACT OF LODORE.

"How does the water come down at Lodore ?"

"Here it comes sparkling,

And there it lies darkling;
Here smoking and frothing,

Its tumult and wrath in,

It hastens along, conflicting strong;

Now striking and raging,

As if a war waging,

Its caverns and rocks among.

Rising and leaping,

Sinking and creeping,

Swelling and flinging,

Showering and springing,

Eddying and whisking,

Spouting and frisking,

Turning and twisting

Around and around,

Collecting, disjecting

With endless rebound;

Smiting and fighting,

A sight to delight in,

Confounding, astounding,

Dizzying and deafening the ear with its sound.

Receding and speeding,

And shocking and rocking,

And darting and parting,

And threading and spreading

And whizzing and hissing,

And dripping and skipping,
And whitening and brightening,
And quivering and shivering,

And hitting and splitting,

And shining and twining,

And rattling and battling,
And shaking and quaking,
And pouring and roaring,
And waving and raving,
And tossing and crossing
And flowing and growing,
And running and stunning,
And hurrying and skurrying,
And glittering and flittering,
And gathering and feathering,
And dinning and spinning,
And foaming and roaming,
And dropping and hopping,
And working and jerking,
And guggling, and struggling,
And heaving and cleaving,

And thundering and floundering.

And falling and brawling and sprawling,
And driving and riving and striving,
And sprinkling and twinkling and wrinkling,
And sounding and bounding and rounding,
And bubbling and troubling and doubling,
Dividing and gliding and sliding,

And grumbling and rumbling and tumbling,
And clattering and battering and shattering,

And gleaming and streaming, and steaming and beaming,
And rushing and flushing, and brushing and gushing,
And flapping and rapping, and clapping and slapping,
And curling and whirling, and purling and twirling,
Retreating and meeting, and beating and sheeting,
Delaying and straying, and playing and spraying,
Advancing and prancing, and glancing and dancing,
Recoiling, turmoiling, and toiling and boiling,

And thumping and flumping, and bumping and jumping,
And dashing and flashing, and splashing and clashing,
And so never ending, but always descending,
Sounds and motions for ever and ever are blending,
All at once, and all o'er, with a mighty uproar-
And this way the water comes down at Lodore."

Are the participles formed the same in all verbs? No; only those verbs which are called regular, have the participles formed alike.

You say, those verbs which are called regularwhen is a verb said to be regular?

When it forms its past tense and past participle, by adding d or ed to the verb in the present tense.

Have you anything more to say about the verbs?

Yes; we may note that some verbs are called defective; that is, because they are wanting in some of the moods or tenses.

Give instances of Defective verbs

Present tense

can, may, shall, will, must, ought. Past tense could, might, should, would, must, might. Perfect, Pluperfect, and some others, wanting.

Note.-Having explained the terms used in speaking of verbs, let us now look at the CHART which contains all the variations of the verb at one view, and there are three things to be observed :

1. The neuter verb TO BE is placed first; and then the verb advise, in its active and passive forms.

2. The present tense of the verb passive, is the same as the verb active in the past and perfect tenses without the signs.

3. That the variations of the neuter verb, TO BE, are joined or put to the verb passive.

Hence we may draw this rule for discovering the passive voice.— When any of the variations of the neuter verb, TO BE, are joined to