You had several kinds of adjectives, have you several kinds of adverbs ? Yes; adverbs are divided into several kinds or classes, and are for expressing What do you mean by the word quality? Quality implies the manner how, and comes from qualis, the sort, or kind, as we mentioned when speaking of adjectives. Give an instance of an adverb of quality. Thou hast done wisely. Wisely is an adverb, describing, qualifying, or expressing how the person had done. Have you anything to note concerning adverbs of quality? Yes; adverbs of quality are formed by adding ly to an adjective or to a participle, or by changing le into ly. Give an instance of ly added to an adjective. "We We have not followed cunningly devised fables," 2 Pet.i.16. Give an instance of ly added to a participle. "He guided his hands wittingly," Gen. xlviii. 14. Give me an instance of le changed into ly. An admirable book, a book admirably written. Adverbs of Place. What are we to notice concerning adverbs of place? Adverbs of place describe or express the place where. Give an instance of adverbs of place. "And Jesus abode there two days," John iv. 40. There is an adverb, and is a word which means at that place; and the passage might be read thus: "And Jesus abode at that place two days." Repeat some adverbs of place. Everywhere, at every place. I should like to hear an instance of an adverb ex pressing time. "Before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny Me thrice,” Mark xiv. 30. Twice and thrice are adverbs; twice means two, and thrice three times. Ever, Late, Never, Now, at any time, or at all times. Immediately, no time coming between. after proper time, or at past time. at this time. Adverbs of degree you named next; what is the meaning of degree? Degree signifies—as was mentioned under the adjectivestep by step; from gradus, a step. What are we to notice concerning the adverbs of degree? That adverbs of degree are divided into adverbs of Excess, and adverbs of Deficiency. What is the meaning of the term Excess ? Excess means to go beyond or out of, and comes from two Latin words-ex, a prefix, signifying out of, and cess, from cedo, to go. What is the meaning of the word Deficiency. Deficiency means something wanted, from the Latin, defectus, wasted, spent, or wanting. Give an instance of adverbs marking excess. "Israel loved Joseph more than all his children," Gen. xxxvii. 3. Can you give me another instance? Yes; in the parable of the two debtors, Jesus said, “Tell Me, therefore, which of them will love him most. And Simon answered, I suppose that he to whom he forgave most," Luke vii. 42, 43. Can you give an instance of an adverb marking deficiency? "Happy, and happy still, she might have proved, Were she less beautiful, or less belov'd." Pope. Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation. What is an Affirmative adverb? A word used in saying yes, or a bearing testimony to; from the Latin, affirmo, to assure, establish, or confirm. What is a Negative adverb? It is a word used in saying no, or in denying; from the Latin, nego, to deny or disallow. Give me an instance of affirmative and negative adverbs. "Let your conversation be yea, yea, and nay, nay," Matt. v. 37. Have you anything further to say concerning the affirmative and negative adverbs ? We may note, that sometimes two negatives imply an affirmative, and two affirmatives a negative; so we should be careful in using them in either case: as a general rule, it is not correct to use two negatives in the same sentence. What have you to say about the adverbs of Exclaiming, Contempt, and Exultation? They are more generally called INTERJECTIONS. Explain the word interjection. Interjection means thrown in between or among, and comes from two Latin words-inter, between or among, and jection, from jacio, to throw. Why are the adverbs of exclaiming, contempt, and exultation, called interjections ? Because they are words thrown in among other words, as expressive of emotion or feeling in the breast of the speaker or writer. What is the meaning of the word exclaiming? Exclaiming means to cry out; from the Latin word, clamo, to cry, and ex, a prefix, signifying out from. Give an instance of an interjection or adverb of exclaiming. "O! that I knew where I might find Him," Job xxxiii. 3. Give me another instance. Thou shalt not lament for him, saying, ah, my brother, or, ah, sister; they shall not lament for him, saying, ah! Lord, or, ah! his glory," Jer. xx. 10. What is the meaning of the word Contempt? Contempt means to despise, and comes from the Latin words, temno, to despise, and con, with. Give me an instance of an interjection or adverb of contempt. "Let them not say in their hearts, Ah! so would we have it; let them not say, we have swallowed them up," Ps. xxxv. 25.. Can you give me another instance ? "And they that passed by railed on Him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ah! Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself, and come down from the cross," Mark xv. 29, 30. What is the meaning of the word exultation? |