place and every clime, alike honored and respected with the diploma of any other college or institution. And now, farmers, a few words as to the prompt use of the institution, which I feel must be accorded to your wishes. It is probable that many a parent will in humble modesty, shrink from thrusting his son into competition, or fear the results of a position for its perfection, than any other position in life. tion so prominent among his fellow beings. Let us, for a moment, look back upon time, and the results of science as placed within the grasp of men like many or all of us. We find 1. Opie, the celebrated painter, and who lectured upon his art in London. He was a lumberman and carpenter. 2. John Prideaux-who became Bishop of Worcester, entered as assistant in the kitchen of the college (Exeter) in Oxford, and there obtained a fellowship. 3. Linnæus-The famed founder of the science of botany, closely allied to our profession, was a shoemaker's apprentice. 4. Ben. Johnson - the celebrated dramatist, worked as a brick-layer. 5. Jas. Milner-the author of the history of the church, was a weaver. 6. Cook-the great navigator, was, in early life, the apprentice to a shopkeeper. But let us come to our own day and times, and we find: 1. Benj. Franklin-his early days were devoted to soap boiling and candle making. I need not remind you of the conspicuous and important influence he had in securing to us our present liberty and happiness. 2. Humphrey Davy-to whom we farmers are indebted for science applied to our profession; he was the son of a carver in wood, and was himself an apothecary's apprentice. 3. General Greene of N. E. He was a blacksmith-member of state legislature-the friend of Washington-the true soldier. 4. Roger Sherman-one of the noble souls whose names were affixed to the Declaration of Independence. His father was a farmer, but himself a shoemaker-the man of whom Jefferson remarked, "he never said a foolish thing in his life." I could go on and particularise hosts of talented men who have risen in this country from obscurity to the highest estimation of their fellow beings. At this hour we have, living in this state, men who struggled with poverty from their youth, holding the highest offices of our state and general govern ment-bright lights of this nation-poor through life as to property, but rich and wealthy to excess in all that makes the man, that gives character, and elevates the human species. Behold, then, farmers, the beacons for us to follow. Every one of the men I have named were urged forward to schools, or seized eagerly every means for education-zeal and determination accomplished the rest, at a time when our best appliances for education were young and weak, and be fore the great store-house of science was opened as it now is for the use of man. Then the competition was among comparatively few-now each man is but one of many millions running the same race. So large is our community that we are necessarily divided into classes, and each year every class takes its more distinctive form. In accordance with this natural division, we find every class, except the great farming body, establishing schools, academies and colleges, for their own advancement. We see their educated men filling or claiming to fill every post of honor or distinction. Gentlemen, I call upon you to remember that, as a class, you far outweigh in natural advantages, every other class; in numbers, we constitute more than threefourths of the whole nation, yet, strange to say, not a school, not an academy, not a single college has been devoted to the advancement of our high calling-a calling which in truth demands as high or a higher educaThis is strong language for us, but it is true; it is capable of full demonstration; and the claims we are now making for our share of public attention and our rights, will be upheld by a burst of stronger tones than mine. Let us then press forward with one accord-let us as farmers feel as one family, and claim from our State government the prompt establishment of an agricultural college, with suitable farms, to shed the light of science upon agriculture, as it has done, by similar means, upon law, medicine, commerce and manufactures. Doings of the Smithsonian Institution. EDITORS OF THE CULTIVATOR-I have just finished an examination of the first and second Reports of the first secretary and other officers of the Smithsonian Institution. I hardly remember to have taken anything in hand, for a long time, more full of interest, or, in my opinion, calculated to develope more important results for science, than the plan of organization of this institution, and the designs of the Board of Regents, in carrying out and perfecting the same. It is well known that Mr. SMITHSON left his property in trust to the United States government, to found at Washington, an institution which should bear his own name, and have for its object "the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." This trust was accepted by our government, and an act of Congress was passed, constituting certain individuals an establishment, under the name of the "Smithsonian Institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." The act establishing the institution, directs, as a part of the plan of organization, the forming of a library, a museum and a gallery of art, together with provisions for physical research, and popular lectures; leaving to the Regents of the institution the power of adopting such other plans as may to them seem best suited to promote the objects of the bequest. The secretary, in his latest Report, informs us that the Regents have resolved to divide the annual income into two equal parts; one part to be devoted to the increase and diffusion of knowledge, by means of original and particular research, publications and lectures; and the other half to be applied, in accordance with the act of Congress, to the gradual formation of a library, a museum and a gallery of art. The secretary also informs us, that several distinct scientific researches are now in progress, under the direction of the institution, memoirs of which will be duly published; that the library is gradually increasing by donations and by books deposited by publishers, and that, hereafter, considerable additions will be made in the way of exchanging the Smithsonian Contributions for the published Transactions of other institutions; that preparations are making for giving a series of free public lectures, to be commenced as soon as the building is ready for the purpose. We find by the report of the building committee, that the east wing of the building is ready for occupa tion, and that the whole structure will be completed within the specified time, namely, by March, 1852; that the plan of building adopted, comprises a museum 200 feet by 50, a library 90 feet by 50, a gallery of art 125 feet long, two lecture rooms, of which one is capable of containing an audience of 800 to 1000 persons-that the style of building selected is the later Norman or rather Lombard, as it prevailed in the twelfth century, cheifly in Germany, Normandy and in southern Europe, immediately preceding the introduction of the Gothic; and that all expenditures connected with the building, including the laying out of the grounds, planting, fencing, &c. &c., may be comprised within the limit set, namely $250,000. We find by the report of the executive committee, that the whole amount of Mr. Smithson's property, received into the treasury of the United States, was $515.169,00; that the interest which had accrued on the same, up to July, 1846, when the funds were placed under the direction of the Board of Regents, was $242.129,00; that, owing to the excellent system of finance adopted by the Board of Regents, the interests accruing on this fund, will so far exceed the expenditures, of every kind, as to enable them to complete the building, and put the institution into full operation by March, 1852-that there will then be a residue of interest of $142,000.00, to be added to the original bequest, ($515,169.00) making the permanent fund for the institution, of 657,000.00-which will yield an annual income of $39,420.00 for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. TO DIFFUSE KNOWLEDGE, it is proposed:1. To publish a series of periodical reports on progress of the different branches of knowledge. 2. To publish occasionally separate treatises on s jects of general interest. Among the subjects soon to be reported, I not that arrangements are being made to publish the f lowing: Reports on the present state of chemistry as appli to agriculture; on the forest trees of North Americ giving their uses, mode of propagation, and their hi tory; on the present state of our knowledge of ligh ning, and the best means of guarding against acciden from its effects, &c. &c. I have become very much interested in the plans an designs of this institution, for establishing a system extended meteorological observations for solving th proplem of American storms. There is scarcely an object of scientific research of more general interest or likely to be productive of more beneficial effects tha that which relates to the phenomena of our storms. Within a few years past, in our country, several im portant principles have been established, and some well deined theories have been recently proposed, by which attention may now be directed to many different points of observation that cannot fail of being attended with important results. The observations of Mr. REDFIELD, in particular, have been wonderfully exact, extensive and scientific; his theories are very attractive to the scientific inquirer, and numerous facts and ob The Regents very justly deduce the following propo-servations by others, seem to come in to his support. sitions from the will of Mr. Smithson, as prominent The Smithsonian institution proposes to organize a sysrules to guide their practice in dispensing the funds of tem of observations which shall extend as far as possi this institution: ble over the North American continent. In order to do It is but just to remark, Messrs. Editors, that the report of Mr. JEWETT, the assistant secretary, relative to the library, is a very interesting, perspicuous and able document, and is highly creditable to him. I would gladly notice his report more fully, and give some fine extracts from it, did my limits permit. 1. The bequest is intended for the benefit of men in general, and its influence ought not to be restricted to a single district, or even nation. 2. The objects of the institution are: first to increase, and second, to diffuse knowledge among men. 3. The will makes no restriction in favor of any par ticular kind of knowledge. "To restrict, therefore the operations of the institution to a single science or art, would do injustice to the character of the donor, as well as to the cause of general knowledge. If preference is to be given to any branches of research, it should be to the higher, and apparently more abstract. This is true even in a prac tical point of view. Agriculture would have for ever remained an empyrical art, had it not been for the light shed upon it by the atomic theory of chemistry; and incomparably more is to be expected as to its future advancement from the perfection of the microscope, than from improvements in the ordinary instruments of husbandry." TO INCREASE KNOWLEDGE, it is proposed: 1. To stimulate men of talents to make original researches, by offering suitable rewards for memoirs containing new truths. 2. To appropriate annually a portion of the income for particular researches, under the direction of com. petent and suitable persons. Among the great variety of subjects proposed for investigation, I noticed that the following are already engaging the attention of the Board of Regents: The ancient monuments of the Mississippi valley; five separate memoirs on astronomical subjects, afford. ing important additions to the science; a systematic and extensive series of meteorological observations, particularly with reference to the phenomena of American storms; a series of observations on the tempera. ture and velocity of the Gulf Stream; the botany of Oregon, with drawings and engravings; and a collection of facts relative to the variations of the compass, to be presented in a series of maps.. this, they have invited the co-operation of the British government; and have obtained their assurance that as soon as the plan is fully matured for this country, no difficulty shall be in the way of establishing a system of corresponding observations in the British provinces. Prof. LOOMIS, of New York University, has submitted to the institution a very interesting report. It contains an exposition of the advantages to be derived from the study of meteorology, and what has been already done in this branch of science in this conntry, the encouragements for a further prosecution of the subject, together with a plan of operations. In order to present a general view of the subject, in a condensed form, I have gathered up from his somewhat extended report, a few of the more prominent points, using nearly his own language. They are as follows: I. The advantages to society of the study of meteorology. mena. Very little argument is needed to prove that our com fort and convenience, not unfrequently our lives and property, are dependent upon meteorological phenoThis is proverbially true of the mariner. His life often depends upon the fidelity with which he watches every change in the aspect of the sky. The number of disasters upon the sea is frightful, and is far greater than is generally known. In the gale of December 15, 1839, eighty-nine vessels were wrecked on the Massachusetts coast; and of these, sixty-one on battle-ships were lost, and sixteen more dismasted. a single cape. In the great hurricane of 1780, thirteen England and America alone suffer an annual loss from wrecks of more than 1000 vessels, and nearly one-half of this is on the American coast. The farmer, too, is mation of his plans, almost equally with the sailor. Sedirectly dependent upon the weather for the consumvere drouth or excessive rains, untimely frosts or a scorching sun, may blast all the hopes of the husbandman. If we can anticipate the general character of a season, the farmer may regulate his time of planting or the nature of his crops, so as to be least injuriously af strip the lightning of its power, we may at least direct fected by unpropitious weather; so that, if we cannot it harmlessly to the carth. II. The progress already made, towards deducing from these observations general laws. In the list of philosophers who have contributed to create science out of the crude materials furnished by observation, Mr. Redfield is first mentioned. He gives an account, in a paper to the American Journal of Science, of the hurricane of September, 1821, of the storm of August, 1830, and of two or three other storms of the same year. From a comparison of all the observations, Mr. Redfield derived the conclusion that those storms were great whirlwinds. In 1833 he published a list of general propositions as embodying the results of his investigations, among which were the following: 1. The severe storms of the Atlantic coast often originate in the tropical latitudes, where they are distinguished by the name of hurricanes. city. Why should storms form an exception to this 2. These storms cover, at the same moment of time, 3. The duration of the storm at any place within its track depends upon its extent, and the rate of velocity with which it moves. 4. The direction of the wind over the greater portion of the track is not the direction of the progress of the storm. 5. In the lower latitudes, while drifting to the westward, the direction of the wind at the commencement of these storms is from the northern quarter, and during the latter part of the gale, it blows from the southern quarter of the horizon. 6. North of the parallel of 30°, and while pursuing their course to the northward, these storms commence with the wind from an eastern or southern quarter, and terminate with the wind from a western quarter. 7. Mr. Redfield infers that the portion of the atmosphere which composes the body of the storm, blows in a horizontal circuit around a vertical axis of rotation, which is carried onward with the storm, and that the direction of the circuit is from right to left. 8. The barometer always sinks while under the first portion of the storm, and rises again under the last portion of the gale. In the Journal of the Franklin Institute for 1836, Prof. Espy published a series of essays upon storms, in which he arrives at the following generalizations: 1. The rain and snow storms, and even the moderate rains and snows, travel from the west towards the east, in the United States, during the months of January, February, and March, which are the only months yet investigated. 2. The velocity of this line is such, that it travels from the Mississippi to the Connecticut river in about twenty-four hours; and from the Connecticut to St. John, Newfoundland, in nearly the same time, about thirty-six miles an hour. 3. When the barometer falls suddenly in the western part of New England, it rises at the same time in the valley of the Mississippi, and also at St. John, Newfoundland. 4. In great storms, the wind for several hundred miles on both sides of the line of minimum pressure, blows towards that line directly or obliquely. 5. Many storms are of great and unknown length from north to south, reaching beyond the northern lakes on the one hand, and beyond our observers in the Gulf of Mexico on the other, while their east and west diameter is comparatively small. The storms, therefore, move side-foremost. 6. Most storms commence in the "far west," beyond the stations of our most western observers. 7. In the northern parts of the United States, the wind, in great storms, generally sets in from the north of east, and terminates from the north of west. 8. In the southern parts of the United States, the wind generally sets in from the south of east, and terminates from the south of west. III. The encouragement there is to a further prosecution of meteorological researches. In all our investigations respecting natural phenomena, we assume that the operations of nature are subject to laws, and these laws are uniform in their operation. A law of nature knows no exceptions. There is no place for science except upon this basis. All the laws of nature appear complex while they remain unknown; but when once discovered, we are surprised at their simpli IV. Plan of conducting observations to secure the object proposed. An effort will be made to secure the co-operation of the general government, the several state governments, scientific societies, and the friends of science throughout the country. The entire country will be divided into sections not exceeding 100 miles square; and in each section, not already provided for, an observer will be sought out, who shall volunteer to make the observations if instruments are furnished him. The Smithsonian Institute will assume the burden of furnishing the necessary instruments to those who are unable to do it themselves. A form of observations will be provided, and instructions given to all the observers, who shall report at least quarterly to the secretary at Washington. It will be the duty of the Meteorologist to take charge of the observations, to discuss and analize them, and endeavor to deduce from them the laws of storms. These investigations will be published, in as much detail as may be thought demanded by the claims of science, and a copy of whatever may be published will be forwarded to each observer, in order that he may be encouraged in his work, by finding that his labor is not wholly in vain. After all my efforts at condensation, Messrs. Editors, I find that my attempt to present a view of the doings of the Smithsonian institution, has resulted in a long article. I feel quite diffident in occupying so much space in your columns with this thing, but conclude to venture hoping it may be found interesting to a portion, at least, of your readers. This institution proposes, among other things, to in- He who plows his land and breeds cattle, spins 40 THE CULTIVATOR. Notes on Massachusetts Farming, sively for hedges, and his fences of this kind are among all the buckthorns in this country, so far as he is ac- We had lately the pleasure of calling on a few farm-having made trials with several other thorns, that this ers in Massachusetts; and from the many interesting matters, to which, in a hurried view, our attention was called, we offer the following brief notes: The farm of General WM. SUTTON, of Salem, conAbout 200 acres are woodland and sists of 300 acres. rocky pasture, which has never been plowed. The remainder, though naturally rough, has been made very It has been fenced with stone rich and productive. walls, which will probably stand as long as fences are needed. Most of the boulders, with which the soil was formerly considerably filled, have been taken out, and the plow now passes without obstruction, over large and handsome fields. The principal surplus product of the farm is hay; but grain and vegetables, to the extent of the home consumption, are produced. The annual production of hay is 100 tons; of this, 60 tons are sold, at an ave The remaining 40 tons are rage price of $13 per ton. required for the support of the stock kept on the farm, of which there are six oxen, six cows and four horses -besides twelve to fifteen cows taken in to pasture at $10 each, for the season. The team-work of the farm is done chiefly by oxen, and the three pairs kept here are noble animals, able to They accomplish anything practicable in their line. are from five to seven years old, and the weights of the different pairs, are 3,300 lbs., 3,600 lbs., and 3,800 lbs., in good working order. Gen. S. takes particular pains to save all the manure of his animals. It is mostly deposited in a cellar, over the bottom of which, as well as over the whole He barn-yard, muck is spread to absorb the liquids. has some advantages of making manure not usually pos He uses the waste of a large glue sessed by farmers. factory. The animal substance in the process of being converted into glue, while in a half-fluid state, is strained through straw; the refuse that remains, is, with the straw made into compost with peat, at the rate of three loads of the latter to one of the former. The mass remains one year before being used, during which time it becomes thoroughly decomposed; the straw is rotted, the peat, by fermentation, becomes fine, and is thoroughly impregnated with the gases and This compost is found to be salts of the animal matter. more powerful and lasting in its effects, than common barn manure, load for load. All Gen. S.'s buildings are of the most substantial kind. His barns, and the yards attached to them, have every possible convenience of arrangement, with water always at hand. His implements are the most perfect in their kind, and so complete is the assortment, that every description of work may be performed with its most appropriate tool. Every thing is kept in a place designed for it, and could be readily found by a person acquainted with the plan, in the darkest night. Taking the whole establishment together, it presents a model of neatness, system, convenience, and thorough management, which is seldom equalled. Mr. D. has introduced the English oak, and has a nursery of young trees of this kind, and several beautiful standard trees, from forty to sixty feet high, planted fine trees of various kinds, all of which, with the exwith his own hand. Indeed his grounds abound with ception of one, he informed us, were put out by himself. Mr. D. keeps thirty cows, converting the surplus produce of his farm chiefly into milk, which is sold at six cents per quart, (beer measure) in winter, and five The average amount realized from cents in summer. He raises vegetableseach cow, is $100 a year. chiefly carrots and beets-on a large scale, for feeding He prefers the the cows in winter, allowing each cow half a bushel per day, while kept on dry fodder. The hay for all the stock of the farm, is cut carrot. in a machine. The cows are fed partly on upland, or fresh hay, and straw, and partly on salt-marsh hay, and they do much better with this variety, than when confined to upland hay. Mr. D.'s barns are spacious, and well planned. The one where the stock is principally kept, has a cellar under the whole of it; a part of which is appropriated to manure, a part to storing vegetables, and a more dry and open part to the storage of farm implements. The farm of GEO. E. ADAMS, Medford, consists of 160 acres. It is devoted chiefly to the production of milk and apples. The stock consists of 55 cows, a yoke of oxen and five horses. The annual sales of milk have amounted to $5,500, and in one year to $6,000 The trees have been well (the prices as mentioned above.) The apple orchard consists of fifteen acres. managed-are large, and generally bear abundantly. The varieties are chiefly Russets and Baldwins. has picked 1000 barrels of winter apples in a season, and one season sold that number at $2 per bbl. The Baldwins are usually sold to Messrs. TUDOR, of Boston, and are wrapped in papers and sent to Calcutta. A large orchard of peach and pear trees has lately been set out, which has not yet come into bearing. He Mr. A. is a young man who farms for profit, and the energy and economy with which his extensive business is carried on, bring a sure and satisfactory reward. Much judgment has been shown in his buildings, several of which have been erected under his own direction, and are of ample dimensions, convenient, and well fi nished. As with all good farmers in this section, manure is of the first importance. He saves everything His main barn is of this nature, and has enough to keep up his farm to an extraordinary state of richness. 160 feet long and 40 feet wide, with a cellar under the Marsh mud and "sea-wrack," (vegetable The farm of E. HERSEY DERBY, Esq., is in South whole. Salem. Those who have been familiar with the vari-matter washed up by the tide,) are used as absorbents. ous agricultural enterprises of Massachusetts for the Without these the manure, as the urine is saved, would last forty years, will at once recognize Mr. D.'s name be in too fluid a state to be readily portable. Water in their connexion-especially as a prominent officer of is brought to the buildings by means of a small windthe Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture, mill, which works a pump, and keeps a large reservoir an association to which the country at large is deeply constantly filled. indebted for much of its advancement in husbandry. We found him still active, personally superintending his extensive farming operations, and earnestly awake to every practical improvement. Mr. D. has a large garden, which is enclosed with a buckthorn hedge. He has used the buckthorn exten. On the farm of Mr. HARVEY DODGE, Sutton, we wit nessed some valuable improvements. The farm lies on a large swell of land, which is naturally very rocky, and quite wet. It was originally divided into very small lots, many of them containing only two acres each, and fenced with stone walls. One object of these small di visions was probably to get rid of the stones, which had to be removed from the soil before it could be worked. Some idea of the quantity of stones may be formed from the fact that these walls were made from four to six feet wide and four feet high. The foundations of many of them not being properly laid, and the materials not of the best kind for permanent walls, they had in several instances settled down and flattened out, till they occupied much more room than at first. When Mr. D. took possession of the farm, a few years ago, he soon discovered that it had two radical defects, which he determined to remedy. The first was the loss of land by the numerous old walls, and the inconvenience of working the small lots; and the second, the want of drainage to the soil. In obviating the first difficulty, he adopted a plan by which he, in a great degree, obviated the second. He sunk the old walls, and the trenches where they are buried have become drains! He has in this way turned a large part of his farm into beautiful fields, of from 12 to 18 acres each. Where the walls on the lines of the present division were good, they were left; where they were not good, they were rebuilt in the most substantial manner. The walls were sunk so low that the plow passes over without disturbing them. The mode of sinking the walls was by digging deep ditches close along side of them, and then throwing the stones in. The ditches were filled to a level with the surrounding ground, with the earth taken out, and the remainder is used in filling hollows about the fields. The effect of the drainage is already apparent in the sweeter nature and more abundant growth of grass; in the better and surer crops of grain which the land produces, and in the more healthy and thrifty growth and increased productiveness of fruit trees. In some instances the sunken walls do not sufficiently drain the soil, and in such cases other drains are being made. His Mr. D. is also reclaiming by under drainage, digging out stones, and leveling, a wet pasture, lying near his barn, which had never been plowed till last fall. operations before spoken of prove that it will pay. The water from the drains is collected into several main channels. One of these is carried to the buildings, and furnishes water for the stock, &c., and another is emptied on a sloping meadow, and fertilizes several acres by irrigation. Attached to Mr. D.'s piggery, is a building where tripe and neats-foot oil are prepared for market. The shanks, feet, and heads of cattle are brought here in large quantities. The bits of skin are saved for glue, and the bones are boiled till the oil is thoroughly extracted. The liquor in which the articles have been boiled, is used for cooking vegetables for swine, of which Mr. D. keeps about sixty head. The "stores" are fed with carrots and turneps boiled in the liquor; for fattening, corn or corn-meal is added. The manure made from the hogs and the animal offal, is of much importance. The bones would be still more valuable, if some economical mode of crushing them could be devised. The want of such a mode, has prevented many of the larger bones being used to much advantage. The hoofs and the small bones of the foot, have been plowed into the ground, and their effect has been very beneficial. Apple trees have been made to grow rapidly from this application, and a piece of carrots, sown among the trees, the past season, produced 900 bushels to the acre. The larger bones, shanks and jaws, have in some instances been driven into grassgrounds. Mr. D. showed us a meadow, a portion of which had been "boned" in this way, that had produced as much hay the past season, as could be made on the ground. Mr. D. is turning his attention to the improvement of cattle, and has some pretty Devons-a bull and hei fer-of the stock imported by the Mass. Society. Mr. NATHANIEL DODGE, of Sutton, has a fine farm, especially attractive from the good order of his build. ings, the perfection and uprightness of his fences and the smoothness and neatness of his fields. He has been for several years noted for having fine work. ing oxen. In our volume for last year, page 68, we noticed a pair of his cattle which had been fattened. He informs us that these were sold in Boston for $400. He has now a pair of brindled oxen as like as two peas," quick, strong and handsome-which he is willing to put to the plow against any pair of horses. We called for a short time at the farm of Col. J. W. LINCOLN, Worcester. Col. L. was absent, but his foreman showed us the out-buildings, the stock, and a portion of the farm. The buildings are commodi. ous and very complete, presenting a fine appearance. A large piggery has lately been built; all the under portion, or that with which the hogs come in direct contact, is made of stone, and of so permanent a character, that for aught we can see, it may last for ever. The premises exhibit unmistakeable evidences of good management. The fields are well laid out, and fenced with stone walls of the most substantial kind. Col. L. has paid considerable attention to cattle. He has several yoke of fine oxen and steers, and some of the best cows and heifers we have seen. He has tried the Ayrshires for several years, and is well pleased with them as dairy cows. He has several full bloods which are good specimens of the breed. His ball and some heifers were lately purchased of the State Society. Col. L. cultivates about an acre of carrots, yearly, for feeding his cows in winter, and the average yield is 600 bushels. The cows are warmly stabled, and when fed with good hay, (Col. L's. appears to be of the best kind,) and half a bushel of carrots to each cow per day, they will make nearly as much butter, when fresh in milk, as on grass feed. The farms of Ex-Governor LINCOLN, and his sons, Messrs. W. S. and D. W. LINCOLN, are near the city of Worcester. The original farm of Gov. L. consisted of about 300 acres; but it has been encroached on by the growth of the city, and a considerable portion has been sold for house lots. The land is very productive, particularly for grass. Gov. L. showed us a lot of seven acres, which kept six cows constantly, the past season, and yet the grass was not entirely kept down, notwithstanding the extreme drouth. It has never been plowed but once, but has once been topdressed with a peat compost and harrrowed. Gov. L.'s sons are ardently devoted to agriculture and horticulture. Mr. W. S. L. has a snug place, with new buildings, and has already made a demonstration in farming which augurs well for his ultimate success. Mr. D. W. L. is more especially engaged in horticulture. He has a nursery of fruit trees. He finds, however, that the cultivation of choice fruits of some kinds, is more profitable than raising trees for sale. He is, therefore, giving much of his attention to the culture of pears,-mostly on quince stocks,and grapes. He has a fine cold vinery, filled mostly with the Black Hamburgh variety, and has also vines in his green houses. The vines appeared in excellent condition, and we were informed had borne well. Mr. L. obtains his manure chiefly from a slaughter house, on his land. The manure is made into compost with muck and litter, and used after it has decom. posed. To prevent annoyance and loss from the es cape of odors from the manure, he uses charcoaldust, which is occasionally spread over the manure, under the slaughter house, and the hogs which are kept there, work the dust into the manure. He uses |