276 THE CULTIVATOR. 67 50 120 00 70 00 77 50 35 00 30 00 30.00 37 50 up Statement of the Sale of Mr. Vail's Short-horns, June 26th, 1851. 100 00 SHORT-HORN AND AYRSHIRE CROSS. 34. Countess, 4 years old, Gen. Cadwallader,. 82.50 35. Jeannie, 2 years old, Morris Ketchum, 90 00 36. Betty Merryman, 9 months old, P. R. Paulding, Tarrytown, 1. Lily 2ud., (six years old,) Gen. Cadwallader of Philadelphia, 8170 60 00 NEARLY THOROUGH BRED DUTCH. 37. Julia Edgar, Lewis Livingston, Rhinebeck, Dutchess co. 120 00 38. Dinah, Lewis Livingston, 39. 1 yoke of oxen, S. T. Wright, Morrisania, BULLS. Thorough-Bred Short-horn. 1. Logan, 23 months old, Oliver Slate, Jr., Pelham,. Bulls slightly crossed with Amsterdam Dutch. 37 00 145 00 175 00 2. Lily 3d., (three years old,) Henry Wells, Aurora, N. Y.,.. 6. Dahlia 5th., (two years old,) Gen. Cadwallader..... 8. Eunice 3d., (eight years old,) John Osborn, Marshall, N. 9. Wild-dame 4th., (three years old,) Gen. Cadwallader,. 11. Daisy 3d., (seven years old) S. P. Chapman, Clockville, 12. Daisy 5th., (about twenty months old,) Gen. Cadwallader, 14. Victoria 4th., (four years old,) Henry Wells..... 6. Pontiac, 15 months old, J. G. Goodwin, Kingsbridge,... 70.00 105 00 65 00 10. Barton, 17 months old, Gen. Cadwallader,.. 145 00 BUCK LAMBS. 1. Buck lamb, 3 months old, Aaron Clement, Philadelphia, months old, Ed. G. Faile, West Farms,.. do do months old, Lincoln Brooks, Providence, months old, Gen. Cadwallader, 5. do 2 months old, Gen. Cadwallader,.. SWINE. 883 55 The following pigs were dropped from 7th to 10th April last. 1. One pair of pigs, Henry Parsons, 2. 3. do Gen. Cadwallader, 1 and 5. Two pair of pigs, G. G. Hubbard, 6. One pair of pigs, Capt. Spencer, Westchester,, 7. 9. 9. do do do 10. One boar, Lewis Livingston,. 37 50 30 00 30 00 50 00 20.00 26. Grand Duke, (calved 24th Feb., 1850,) John Osborne.. 28. Marquis, (calved Aug., 1849,) Thos. Richmond, Esq..... Thos. Hancock, Burlington, N. J., 20 00 HEIFER CALVES. Henry Parsons,. 30 00 30. Beauty, (about two months old,) Wm. Osborn,. Aaron Clement, 27 50 31. 11. do Gen. Cadwallader,. 17 00 32. Jas. B. Wilson,. 17.00 Fashion, (bull calf about six weeks old,) [not on catalogue] Red Lady, (about two months old,) Gen. Cadwallader, [not on catalogue,].. 13. do 16 00 33. Lincoln Brooks, 16 00 Fill pail 6th, (yearling heifer,) [not on catalogue,] 90 30 00 $3590 Thos. Hancock, 16. 1 sow, 9 months old, G. G. Hubbard,. bred From the foregoing it will be seen that the pure Suffolk pigs, twenty-three in number, dropped from 5 boar pigs, per head,. 1 sow, in pig,... $27 23 16 60 30 00 South-Down ram lambs, dropped from 21st March to 19th April last, averaged, per head, $29. Mr. VAIL's sale took place on the 26th of June. The AT PRIVATE SALE-NOT ADVERTISED. Meteor out of imported Lady Barrington 3d, purchased Lady Barrington 5th, (two years and ten months old) got by by Aaron Clement, Esq., for T. P. Remington, Esq., of Philadelphia,..... Hilpa 4th, roan, heifer calf dropped April 9th, 1851, being two months and seventeen days old, got by Duke of We lington out of imported Hilpa, to S. P. Chapman...... It will be perceived by reference to the above statement that there were 19 cows and heifers sold which brought,. Averaging about $160 each. 7 Heifer calves brought,.. Averaging 891 each. 7 Bulls and bull calves brought,.. Averaging $74 each. In all 33 animals, including two heifers at private sale,.. Wrong Management. 350 300 $1170 3010 640 520 $1170 EDS. CULTIVATOR-I saw in the Cultivator an article stating you would like to have the farmers' boys ask some questions in regard to farming. My father has ta ken the Cultivator some years, and I have read it very thoroughly. It seems as though I could see a new light springing up through it. The manner in which some farming is carried on in this ny was thus engaged, the cows and heifers were brought very bad. In taking care of stock in the fall and winter, when it is muddy and wet weather, many farmers keep their cattle out doors, instead of putting them into a good warm stable, and feeding them there. They often leave them out doors in the rain, exposed to cold winds enough to freeze a creature. They will consume a great deal more food than they will in the barn. Their cattle have to go too far after water, and when they get there, will fill their bodies to excess, and on their return they will pitch into the hay as though they had not had anything to eat for several days-frequently, they will go but once a day to water. I think a creature ought to have water as often in the winter as in the summer. I think if a far. mer is able to keep a farm, he is able to have water in his farm-yard. In sowing their grain, they will always try to be very saving of it; and then they will not put enough on to the land; and just so with their grass seed; they leave a great many spots that will not be covered. Then there will be a great chance for Canada thistles and other foul stuff to take root. I have seen a great many sow their old seed that they would collect in the barn, full of all kinds of seeds, instead of going to the seed-store and getting good seed. A YOUTH. Bridgewater, N. Y. Stage for Cutting Plants for Hay. There has heretofore been considerable diversity of opinion in regard to the proper stage at which plants should be cut for hay. It will be remembered that this journal has for several years advocated the practice of cutting while the herbage is in flower, on the principle that a greater amount of nutritious matter is then con. tained in the plant than at a later stage. Although the present haying season is nearly over, the following observations from the North British Agriculturist, will be read with advantage. The remark in regard to the value of the rowen or aftermath, we believe to be entirely correct, being supported by the experience of many of the best farmers. The remarks in regard to rye-grass, would apply equally well to most grasses cultivated for hay in this country. As regards the common mixtures of rye-grass and clovers, the most common error is in allowing these to become over ripe previous to cutting. This is a most serious mistake, and one that no after management can remedy. Both rye-grass and clover as they begin to mature the seed, are converted into a woody texture, the starch and gum undergoing a change, as the seed arrives at maturity. As the seed of the rye-grass becomes matured, it drops off, during the process of forming it into hay; while that of the clover plant loses the leaves and often the flower. The wonder is, after so much has been written about the evils which result from allowing hay to become over ripe, that custom and prejudice should continue so powerfully to influence the practice of many farmers. The bulk is indeed greater, but the weight is often not increased, arising in part from the plants losing their leaves and seeds. Irrespective of the loss of the leaves and seeds, the second crop of grass is seriously injured when the first crop is allowed to stand beyond the proper period. There is a very common mistake as to the nutritious, ness of a second crop of hay. For fattening, second crop clover if properly saved, is superior to the first crop, if the summer and harvest months have been propitious. The propriety of cutting grass at the proper period of ripeness is not alone dependent on the first crop. The value of the second crop necessarily forms an important element in determining upon early cutting, and the weight of the two crops should always be taken into account in forming an opinion of the relative profitableness of the one over the other. As a rule, all grasses intended for hay should be cut as soon as the pollen of the flower is observed to rise in a gentle breeze in a cloud of dust from the field; this will be about three weeks after the heads of the grass have burst out of the hose. The Locust.---Cicada Septendecim. This interesting insect has appeared the present sea. son, in several districts of the country. It has long been known that its period of appearance, once in seventeen years, did not occur in the same year everywhere, but that it is seen in different places in different years. The fact, though singular, has attracted but little attention till lately, and it has, indeed, been doubted by many persons. To Dr. G. B. SMITH, of Baltimore, Md., the public is indebted for the result of some very close and thorough investigations in regard to the habits of these insects, which have not heretofore been well understood. He says "I have the particulars of twenty-eight districts in the United States, in each of which these insects appear every seventeen years; but each district has a different time for its appearance from that of any neighboring district. For example, the locusts appeared about Richmond, and east of the Blue Ridge in Virginia, în 1843, and will appear there again in 1860; while on the west of the Blue Ridge they appeared in 1844, and will ap pear again in 1861. So it is over the whole of the United States south of latitude 44°, north of which I have not yet heard of their appearance. I have no doubt that they appear throughout the west as far as the shores of the Pacific. I have the fact of their appearance at Independence, the western limit of Missouri. In some one part of the American territory, they appear no doubt, every year. I have only been able to get authentic accounts of their appearance in fourteen out of the seventeen years." Dr. S. thinks the locust does not pass from one district to another; that though it can fly, its flight is limited. In general, rivers and mountains are boundaries of these districts; but very high winds, it is thought, sometimes drives it a considerable distance, even across rivers. With this exception, he thinks they will not pass over a river an eighth of a mile wide. Still he thinks they will ultimately appear once a year over the whole country, "in consequence of the mingling of the districts by the insects being wafted by the winds from one to another." Dr. S. has critically examined the insect in all its stages. The He has found that the eggs, which are deposited in the limbs of trees, hatch (in the latitude of Baltimore,) about the 25th of July-having been deposited from the first to the 25th of the previous month. young insects, as soon as hatched, come out of the branch of the tree, drop to the ground, and immediately work their way into it, where, as stated by Dr. S. "they attach themselves to the tender roots of grass and other vegetables,"-sucking the moisture which exudes from the roots. He states that with a good magnifying glass, it can be seen that "the young insect has every feature and member precisely the same as the large one had when he came out of the ground in the spring." Dr. S. mentions that pigs and fowls are very fond of locusts, and eat large quantities of them as soon as they "So fond," he appear above ground. are the fowls, birds, and pigs of these insects, that they will says, scarcely touch other food during the locust season. This has a remarkable effect on the hen's eggs laid after the locusts appear their yolks are nearly all white. The chickens become very fat and of fine flavor." Col. Sherwood's Stock. On another page of this number, (272,) is a cut of the Short-horn bull "Earl of Seaham," whose pedigree has been furnished us as follows: (10,181.) Roan; calved April 21, 1848; bred by JOHN STEPHENSON, Esq., Wolviston, county of Durham, England; imported 1850, by A. STEVENS and J. M. SHERwood; got by Earl of Antrim (10,174;) dam. Primrose, by Napier (6238;) grandam, Rose Ann, by Bellerophon, (3119) great grandam, Rosette, by Belvidere (1706;) gr. gr. grandam, Red Rose, by Waterloo (2816;) gr. gr. gr. grandam, Moss Rose, by Baron, (58;) gr. gr gr. gr. grandam, Angelina, (bred by Sir Henry Vane Tempest,) by Phenomenon (491;) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. grandam, Anna Boleyn, by Favorite (252;) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. grandam, Princess, (bred by Robert Colling,) by Favorite (252) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. grandam, Brighteyes, by Favorite (252;) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. grandam, Brighteyes, (bred by Alexander Hall,) by Hubback (319;) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. grandam, Brighteyes, by Snowdon's Bull (612;) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. grandam, Beauty (bred by Thomas Hall,) by Masterman's Bull (422;) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. grandam, Duchess, of Atholl, by Harrison's Bull (292;) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. grandam, Tripes, (bred by C. Pickering,) by the Studley Bull (626;) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. grandam, (bred by Mr. Stephenson, of Ketton, in 1739,) See 9th vol. Herd Book, pages 65 and 526.) This is unquestionably a valuable bull. His points, both as regards shape and handling, indicate properties which are highly prized in this breed of cattle. He has a small, neatly turned head, with a bright, mild eye; the head handsomely joined to the neck, which rises handsomely from the shoulders. The chest is remarkably capacious for an animal of his age-being full and round in front. His crops and chine are hardly equal to his other points, but his back is generally level, his ribs broad and gradually swelling from the shoulders towards the hips; the loin wide; the hips large and round; the rump long; the flanks deep and full, and the hind quarter altogether well developed. His hide is of good substance, and elastic. His general form is compact, giving great weight for the apparent size. We saw him weighed on the 2d of July, and his weight was 1,952 lbs. He received the first prize of the New-York State Agricultural Society in 1850, as the best two-year-old Short-horn bull; also the first prize for Short-horn bulls at the show of the American Institute, 1850. We are informed that he is for sale. He may be seen at Col. SHERWOOD's farm, Auburn, N. Y. The public are aware that Col. SHERWOOD has taken much pains to improve his stock of cattle. His herd of Short-horns was formed in the first instance, from animals selected from several herds of note in this country. Latterly he has made some direct importations. One of the first of those was the bull 3d Duke of Cambridge, bred by the late Tuos. BATES, Esq., imported in 1849. This animal received the first prize at the State Fair at Syracuse, and was shown in the "extra" stock at the Fair at Albany. Col. S. has now on his farm thirteen of the progeny of this bull-eleven of which are full bloods. They are from a few weeks to about one year old. In points they are mostly very fine-evincing a decided improvement in symmetry, tendency to early maturity, and what is technically termed quality, over Col. S.'s former stock. This bull, though now in bis tenth year, has all the vigor and sprightliness of the prime of life, and he bids fair to continue his useful. ness several years. Col. S. has several other imported animals, which are from the herd of Mr. STEPHENSON. Among these a cow called Red Rose 2d, deserves mention. She was calved Nov. 1846-was imported in the autumn of 1849. She has had two calves, both heifers-one dropped Oct. 221, '49, the other May 2d, '51. Col. S. gave us an account of a trial which was made with her milk the presest season, from the 20th of May to the 19th of June—~0 days-as follows: The milk was weighed at each milk. ing-kept by itself, the cream taken from it and made into butter-the churning being done twice a week, and the produce of each churning weighed. The weight of milk was 37 lbs. (probably equal to 18 quarts) per day, and the aggregate amount of butter for the 30 days was 60 lbs. We had several opportunities of tasting a sample of the butter, and it was of superior quality. Both the calves which this cow has produced, are very fine. She is, herself, a cow of excellent points-perhaps a little too "fine drawn" in the head and neck; but the general proportions of her body are very good, and her indications for the production of butter, are seldom surpassed. Agricultural Publications. EDS. CULTIVATOR-If farmers would read and put in practice the teachings contained in The Cultivator and other periodicals, they could hardly fail of making progress in agricultural knowledge. From reading some of the early volumes of The Cultivator and Genesee Farmer, I was induced to change from a shallow, to a deep and thorough system of cultivation-paying particular regard to drainage, and the saving and applica tion of manures-which have more than doubled the products per acre; and not only so, it has rendered the products measurably sure, and failures that were heretofore charged to the seasons, were found to be chargable to the method of cultivation. I have mentioned the sources to which I am mainly indebted for the progress that I have made in agricul tural improvement at this time, for the reason that of late we not unfrequently see it stated that eastern agricultural papers are not adapted to our wants-that they are not calculated for this latitude. Now whilst we admit the merits of our western papers, and are from duty and interest bound to sustain them, it is not admitted that eastern papers are not adapted to our wants; for we be lieve that wherever they are read, and what they teach is put in practice, they will answer for this or any other latitude where the cultivator of the soil is desirous of improving in his business. LINUS CONE. Troy, Oakland county, Mich., June 25, 1851. TO PREVENT OXEN FROM CROWDING, it is only neces sary to lengthen the yoke, often, in extreme cases, from 12 to 18 inches longer than those usually worn. Chapin's Portable Cider Mill This machine is designed for travelling over the country and making cider in the orchards. It was invented by Mr. N. CHAPIN, of Syracuse, N. Y., as an improvement upon his former mill of a similar character. The annexed figure represents a perspective view of the large mill, which is to be conveyed and operated by horse power. The apples are placed in the hopper at A. B is a 42 inch spur-wheel which mashes with the pinion C, so that when a horse is attached to the sweep D, the grinding is done by a pair of cast-iron circular plates, about 20 inches in diameter, placed in a horizontal position in the upper part of the the press-crib E. Both plates are bestudded with short triangular teeth and under one is perforated with numerous small holes for discharging the pumice, that being sufficiently ground before it reaches the periphery of the plates. The press-crib E is constructed of slat-work, 3 feet by 5, and 4 feet high, constituting the main bulk of the machine. When the crib is filled with pumice and frequent layers of straight straw, moistened with water, planks are placed over the pumice, and and under the press-beams, which pass through the crib at F F, having broad iron bars, like tenons, projecting through the slats that intersect the screws G G by embracing the nuts H H between them. The stirrups II suspend the platform of the press J J to the end of the four screws, so that the screws can neither rise or fall when turned, but the nuts, beams and press-plank are all forced down, biz thus contracting the pumice into the lower part of the crib, forcing the cider through on all sides, which is conducted to the tubs by a channel in the margin of the platform J J. After the pressing is finished, the tubs and rear grate K are removed, and the cheese is disposed of by detaching the stirrup from the stringers L L and letting the platform and cheese to the ground. The platform is similar to a sled with the cheese upon it, which is drawn out under the rear axletree M by a horse and left clear from the mill. Fig. 2 represents a variation of the same thing, expressly adapted to hand power. A is the hopper containing the apples, B are the grinding plates, the same as are in the large mill, except their position is vertical instead of hori zontal. The small dots represent holes in the running plate, which assist in grinding and discharging the pumice into the press-crib C for pressing. D is Fig. 2. the screw and lever by which the pressing is done; E is a moveable door of the crib for removing the cheese after pressing. This machine has two cranks, one in front and another attached to a fly-wheel in the rear of the hopper, so that the power of two or more men may be applied to grinding the apples. The machine is moved from one place to another by means of handles. See Mr. Chapin's advertisement in this number. Letter from B. P. Johnson, Esq. this breed, and he is now crossing his cows with some LONDON, JUNE 12th, 1851. good bulls-using "Lord Durham" this season-a very EDS. CULTIVATOR-Since I last wrote you, I have vi- compact, fine bull, well suited, I should judge, to his sited the farm of Mr. Tanqueray, a distiller in town, who cows. Mr. T. is very spirited, and will, I doubt not, has amassed quite a fortune, and has selected a farm of soon obtain eminence in his new enterprise. He, like a few hundred acres about six miles from town, which Mr. Harvey Combe, has entered into the matter of breedhe is putting in excellent order, and on which he is raising "con amore," and I should presume, from their ening a fine herd of Short-horns. Mr. Tanqueray is get-ergy and enterprise, that they will leave no means unting together the "Nell Gwynns," and has now about 20 tried that will probably lead to a successful result. It is of them of undoubted character-the largest number of a work of time and money to become a successful breedthat strain of cattle owned by any one person. They er; but these gentlemen have the means, the energy, and are very uniform in their appearance, and of marked from what I can judge, the capability to succeed. and distinctive character, and so far as Mr. T. has tested them, prove of good milking character. He had six brought home the day previous to my visiting his place, which Mr. Strafford bought for him in Preston, or near that town. It is Mr. T.'s intention, I believe, to keep Mr. T. has some very promising young animals, and I believe he intends to increase his "Gwynns" until his heard will be of that strain. His breeding farm is in good order, considering the short time he has had it under his care, and it is really most exhilerating to escape from the dust and smoke of this immense pile of bricks, and in a ride of six miles from St. James Palace, find yourself on a quiet, snug farm, with all the freshness of the country, and with all its attractions. Mr. T.'s farm was in much disorder when he took possession of it a few years since; but by draining and manuring, he is changing its appearance, and it wears the aspect of an improved and improving farm. I met at Mr. Tanqueray's, several gentlemen interested in agriculture, as practical farmers, and the visit was a very pleasant one, which I hope to renew at a more leisure day. The sale of Mr. Combe's stock, which I visited some days since, took place on Tuesday, the 10th inst., at the Downside Fair, Cobham Park. The day was unfavorable, but between two and three hundred gentlemen sat down to a sumptuous lunch previous to the sale. The cattle were in good condition. Mr. Strafford conducted the sale. The biddings were spirited, and the prices, (I heard several gentlemen remark,) were higher than they expected. There were 28 cows and heifers sold, which averaged over 30 guineas each, the highest bringing 49 guineas. Six heifer calves realized an average of 18 guineas each. Three bull calves brought upwards of twenty-two guineas each. Considering these are what they call free trade times, very disastrous to the farmers here, I think the sale was an excellent one. Mr. Thomas Bell was with me at the sale, and he agrees with me that there can be no good ground of complaint as to prices. I was very much disposed to buy one of the heifers for friend Kirtland, as I think it would have suited him; but the price went far beyond my idea of what was desirable for our side of the water-though I am satisfied she would have been much cheaper at the price, than many that have reached our shores from this side of the water. I like much the practice here of using a little sandglass, which empties itself in less than half a minute, and unless a bid is made before the sand is run, the last bidder has it. It expedites wonderfully, and brings men to a decision, and saves much trouble. I met Mr. Jonas Webb and several other gentlemen of distinction, who are known for their interest in breeding. beauty. Of Fruits there were choice Pine-apples, Grapes, Peaches, Strawberries, &c. Roses were very fine. The Yellow Persian, exhibited by Mr. Francis, appeared to me of uncommon beauty, and I perceive a prize was awarded to it. There were many other flowers and plants of great beauty-and the whole exhibition, notwithstanding the unfavorable weather, exceeded my highest anticipations. The music from several of the military bands was given in the per fection for which they are celebrated, and added much to the interest of the occasion. Among the distinguished personages in attendance, were the Duchesses of Orleans. Sutherland, and Argyle. The Count of Paris, Marquises of Winchester, and of Tweeddale, Lords John Russell, Blantyre, &c. The receipts of the Crystal Palace, up to and includ For privilege to print the Catalognes,.. Liabilities Building, Management, printing, &c.,. Prize Fund,.. £71.421 03 65,976 15 64,314 10 3.200 00 5,50000 £210,441 13 £130,000 00 25,000 00 10,000 00 20,000 00 185.000 £25,441 18 June 7th, surplus on hand,.. There are a variety of projects on hand to dispose of the surplus. But I have heard no one, as yet, suggest what I think should be done-pay the exhibitors the expense they have incurred in getting up the show, especially those from foreign countries and from England, those residing out of London and its vicinity. I have no hopes, however, of any such course being adopted—far more likely to get all they can to embellish the Park, or create a permanent fund to keep up the building, and open it as a public promenade, with plants, &c. I am in receipt of papers and letters by the Cunard steamer just arrived. I notice several letters from this side are published, some of which, of an early date and official character, have been quite unfortunate in the character assigned to our exhibition. As the reality does not come up to the statements made,—the London journals, the Times" especially, have taken occasion to charge upon the country at large, this, to say the least of it, boasting description of the American contributions, as entirely characteristic of our country. Mỹ own impressions, which have been strengthened by every been observed, until our exhibition was fully opened and arranged, it would not have elicited such a series of ill natured remarks, as have characterised the journals bere HORTICULTURAL SHOW AT CHISWICK.-On Saturday last, 7th of June, the second Horticultural Exhibition for the season took place at Chiswick. The day was somewhat damp, and with occasional rain in the early part of the day, but the attendance was estimated at ten thousand, and I should suppose at least that number must have been present during the afternoon. The show is said to have been one of the best the society has held-day's observation here, are that if a little patience had certainly it was one of extraordinary richness in all its departments. Some extraordinary Pitcher plants from Messrs. Vietch, of Exeter, and some Cacti from Lady Antrobus, attracted very great attention. In connexion with the usual exhibition, was an American exhibition, by Mr. Hosea Waterer, the original grower of Rhododendrons, which was very fine-in fact some of the groups of Rhododendrons and Azaleas, were unsurpassably beautiful. The display of Pelargoniums, Pinks, Pansies, Calceolarias, both new and old varieties, was uncommonly rich. The collection of green-house plants, was very extensive, and many of them of uncommon richness and particularly the "Times" and "Morning Chronicle.” I do not imagine any serious injury will result to our country. I think it will all be productive of benefit in the end; it however renders it very unpleasant for the exhibitors here to be constantly met with the sneers of those who, taking their cue from these journals, have not brains enough, many of them, to know what things are really valuable and useful in our collection, and what not. The Times, which I send you, of the 10th, has one |