they fond the train surrounded by 700 Sioux, who fled on the approach of reinforcements. It was found that Captain Burrows had one man killed. On reaching Crazy Woman's Fork it was learned that five officers who were on their way to Fort Phil. Kearney had been attacked at that point by fifty Indians. The escort numbered only ten men, and the trains containing Lieutenant Wands' wife and children had been unexpectedly attacked and Lieutenant Daniels killed. A rescue party under Lieutenant Kirtland reached the place from Fort Reno and had given timely assistance. Chaplain White was with the officers and it was said that he had handled a rifle in a very practical way and assisted materially in keeping off the Indians. The officers' train had returned to Fort Reno, taking the remains of Lieutenant Daniels, at which post his burial took place. It was discov ered that the Sioux were in force at all points along the road between Fort Reno and Fort Phil. Kearney, and nearly every day trains were attacked.

During the balance of the month, things were made pretty lively at Fort Reno as well as at Fort Phil. Kearney. The plan of the Indians was to constantly harass the forts by running off stock and cutting off soldiers or citizens who ventured any distance beyond the stockades. All government or emigrant trains were threatened and attacked if the surrounding conditions promised favorable results. From the 15th of July till the 29th, there were no less than eight attacks on trains between Reno and Fort Phil. Kearney. On the 29th, a train was attacked on the East Fork of the Cheyenne and eight men were killed and two dangerously wounded. One of the latter died. The separate killings during the fourteen days mentioned amounted to not less than twenty more. Hay and wood parties from each of the forts were being constantly attacked and soldiers and citi zens suffered death at the hands of the savages with great regularity. During the first few days of August, Lieutenant Colonel N. C. Kinney, with two companies, was sent to the Big Horn River to establish Fort C. F. Smith. On the 7th

of August, Mr. Grover, an artist and correspondent of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Weekly, was scalped while taking a short walk near Fort Phil. Kearney. Two days later, Indians attacked the timber train of the same post, but after a desperate fight and the killing of one Indian and the wounding of another, the hostiles were driven off. On the 12th, 14th and 17th, emigrant trains were attacked near Fort Reno and considerable stock run off. From that time until the 8th of September everything was comparatively quiet, but on the last mentioned date twenty mules belonging to citizens at Fort Phil. Kearney were cut off from a herd a short distance from the post. Two other demonstrations were made the same day. On the 10th, ten herders, in charge of some horses and mules, were attacked within a mile of the fort and thirty-three horses and seventy mules were driven off. On the 13th, a band of Indians attacked the hay contractors, Crary and Carter, on Goose Creek, and killed one of the hay hands, and hay had been heaped upon five mowing machines and set on fire. At the same time 209 cattle had been driven off. Lieutenant Adair, with troops from the fort, went to the relief of the hay party, but found the Indians in too great force and was obliged to retire. On the same day Indians stampeded the herd belonging to the fort, in spite of the best efforts of Captain Ten Eyck and a company of soldiers, and the stock was not recovered. Two of the herders and a soldier were wounded. A soldier named Gilchrist was killed on the 14th, and on the 16th Peter Johnson, belonging to a haying party, was cut off by Indians. On the day following, forty-eight head of cattle were run from the south side of the fort, but the Indians being promptly pursued the cattle were recovered. On the 20th, an emigrant outfit which was camped at the junction of the two Pineys was attacked, but meeting with a spirited resistance and help coming from the fort, the Indians were driven off. One man belonging to the emigrant train was killed and another one wounded. On the 23rd the Indians succeeded in driving off twenty-four head of

cattle, feeding near the fort. Quartermaster Brown, with twenty-three soldiers and some citizens, dashed in among the Indians and killed thirteen of them and recaptured the stock. On the 23d, Contractor Grull, who had been to Fort C. F. Smith, was attacked near Fort Phil. Kearney and he and two of his drivers were killed. During this time the Indians had not been idle around Fort Reno. They had driven off horses and cattle every few days. Caspar H. Walsh, a soldier, was killed on Dry Fork of the Cheyenne, on the 21st W. R. Pettis and A. G. Overhelt, citizens, were wounded. On the 27th, three soldiers and two citizens were killed near Fort Phil. Kearney, and on the same day the Indians attacked a wood party but were driven back by the prompt use of a howitzer, with which the woods were shelled. In spite of interruptions the work of construction went on at Fort Phil. Kearney and also at Fort C. F. Smith. The soldiers as well as the officers saw that what was needed was protection against the savages, and everybody worked with a will to accomplish this important object. Hay was needed for the stock, but the Indians were rapidly getting away with the horses and cattle, so that a large amount of forage was not required, but protection from the cold as well as the savages was all-important.

Late in the fall Brigadier General Hazen came through on a tour of inspection from Fort Laramie and passed north, going to Fort Benton by way of Fort C. F. Smith. This officer must have seen the helpless condition of the three forts on the Bozeman road, but he encouraged Colonel Carrington by telling him that two companies of cavalry were on the way from Fort Laramie, but these troops never came, except a few raw recruits who could be of little service in a place where experienced Indian fighters were required. To make matters still worse, twenty-six picked men were sent to Fort Benton as an escort to General Hazen. Lieutenant Bradley was in command of these men. Colonel Carrington pushed forward the work on the fort, so that on October 31st the construction was practically completed and the day

was celebrated with a flag-raising and a muster-for-pay. The flagstaff, which had been completed by William Daily, who has for many years resided at Rawlins, was in place and ready to receive the stars and stripes. The fort and all its appointments was a credit to the little army which had constructed it, and represented the work of loyal, willing hands. To describe what had been accomplished by these soldiers and to tell of the thrilling events which took place during the closing weeks of the year will be the object of the next chapter.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

THRILLING EVENTS ON THE BOZEMAN ROAD.-[CONTINUED]. DESCRIPTION OF FORT PHIL. KEARNEY-COLONEL CARRINGTON'S ADDRESS AND HOISTING THE FLAG-A NIGHT ATTACK-THE GARRISON HARASSED BY NIGHT AND BY DAY-FIGHT OF December 6th, LIEUTENANT BINGHAM AND SERGEANT BOWERS KILLED THE FETTERMAN MASSACRE, EIGHTY-ONE BRAVE MEN MEET DEATH-SCENES AT THE FORT -BURIAL OF THE DEAD-JOHN PHILIP'S DARING RIDE for HelpHIS ARRIVAL AT FORT LARAMIE-REINFORCEMENTS GO TO FORT PHIL. KEARNEY-SUFFERING OF THE TROOPS FROM COLD, ON THE JOURNEY-A Review of the CAUSES WHICH LED TO THE MAssacre.

The history of Wyoming presents many vicissitudes, occasions which have tested the bravery of the stoutest hearts, but there has been no time in this history more trying to the soldier than the period covered by November and December, 1866, at Fort Phil. Kearney. In judging events we must take into consideration the surroundings, the character of the foe, the number and equipment of those engaged, the weather, and especially the season of the year. Here were troops indifferently armed, illy supplied with ammunition, and looking for reinforcements which did not come. Yet in spite of circumstances and and the neglect of the Department Commander, whose duty, it was to supply both men and ammunition, these soldiers went forward to meet their fate, resolved to brave every danger in upholding the flag they loved and maintaining the authority of the government, which had neglected them.

The main fort was 600 feet by 800 feet, located on rising ground with a gradual slope from front and rear, and was a position of great strength. The stockade was of pine logs hewed to touching surface and set in the ground three feet and projecting upward eight feet. There was a block-house at the two diagonal corners, from which the four sides of