as to the exact part a government ought to play in fostering education. But the State colleges were founded, nevertheless, and, in the face of many serious problems, local as well as general (among the greatest of which was the difficulty of obtaining competent instructors to fill the newly created chairs), they slowly developed to their present condition. And although they are not as yet all of equal rank, and in many cases cannot hope to compete with older and richer seats of learning, they occupy a most important place in the educational work of the country. Then, too, the Hatch Act of 1887, establishing State experiment stations, owes its origin to the impetus given to industrial education by Mr. Morrill. Here, especially, the agricultural education is concerned; but as it forms no small part of the system under discussion, it cannot be overlooked. Concerning these stations, Dr. A. C. True, Director of the Office of ExperiStations, in Washington, says: “These institutions are, in law and in fact, integral parts of the higher institutions for education in agriculture, representing essentially the university side of such education, being set above the undergraduate departments of the colleges as organizations devoted to original research. They are the fountain-heads of agricultural knowledge, and the results of their work are more and more to form the basis of all instruction in agricultural science, from the college down to the common school and out to the masses of workers on our farms. Already they have surpassed all other agencies in the dissemination of useful information among our farmers, and have collected a fund of new knowledge which has radically changed the text-books and courses of instruction in agriculture in this country."

Resulting from the several Morrill acts relating to the promotion of industrial. education, colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts have been organized in Alabama, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota,

Texas, Utah, Virginia, and Washington. Separate institutions of this class for colored students are maintained under the Morrill Act of 1890 in Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The instruction in these institutions has, however, very wisely been confined for the most part to courses below the college grade. A similar institution, maintained by private funds, is the well-known Tuskegee Industrial Institute in Alabama.

Colleges of agriculture (or equivalent schools or departments) in universities are maintained with the aid of National funds in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. In Massachusetts, Harvard University has a school of agriculture known as Bussey Institution. The only institution in this country which is simply an agricultural college is the Massachusetts Agricultural College.1

Here, at the opening of the twentieth century, are the results of Mr. Morrill's far-sighted policy. From small and insignificant beginnings we have a body of institutions of higher learning, flying the flag of the United States, loyal to their several commonwealths, working along harmonious lines, and yearly sending thousands of graduates into the many walks of life. A fitting and lasting evidence of the central influence and power of the United States Government, they were made possible at a time when the right of that Government was questioned. Encouraged by their past, persistent and untiring in the present, they look confidently into the future, and with one voice extol the name of their illustrious founder.

Dr. A. C. True, "Agricultural Education." YearBook of the Department of Agriculture, 1899. Referring to Dr. True's last statement, it should be said here, in justice to the Massachusetts institution, that, although an agricultural college, it is practically and generously equipped, both in its plant and its faculty, thoroughly to prepare the way for more advanced study in subjects other than those pertaining to agricultural pursuits alone. Its work is by no means narrow or limited, and its graduates are to be found in almost all the activities of life. That its scope of influence is misunderstood, that the general public is largely ignorant of its various courses of instruction as well as of its important place in the educational system of the State, is possibly to be accounted for in the prevalent lack of knowledge on the part of the public as to what is comprehended in the teaching of modern scientific agriculture and its branches.

control, as in factory and sanitary legislation, modified landownership, and new public services, as in the telegraph, etc. Lastly comes the gradual displacing of competition by the voluntary associations of labor and capital, with the present tendency to a substitution of public for capitalist enterprise. A slender thread of the political history runs through the narrative, and correlates the economic and social movement with the march of other events. A descriptive bibliography appended to the several chapters directs the student to the authorities, and to subjects for collateral research. A variety of economic illustrations and maps is added. It is a well-wrought and valuable work, and, while intended for use as a text-book in high schools and colleges, may be strongly commended also to the general reader.

Journey to Nature (A). By J. P. Mowbray.

66

Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. 5×84 in. 315 pages. $150.

"A Journey to Nature" describes the experiences of a Wall Street man who had strained his strength to the point of breaking, and who fled incontinently from telephones and telegrams to a shanty in a remote part of the country, and, in the company of his boy, slowly made his way back to a primitive and wholesome way of life. The book is written in a most familiar style, colloquial in the extreme, and at times using a good deal of current slang. It has, however, an air of freshness and vitality which will make very delectable reading for those who are under the strain of work and are longing for the repose of nature. It is also a record of observation of the sea

sons interspersed with fresh and very taking bits of description, the whole bathed in an out-of-door atmosphere which is full of tonic quality.

Lion's Brood (The). By Duffield Osborne.

Illustrated. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. 5x8 in. 361 pages. $1.50.

A story of the time of Hannibal and his march on Rome. The incidents are exciting and the story has movement and spirit, although the book can hardly claim a place among important historical novels.

Love Letters of Bismarck (The). By Charlton T. Lewis. Illustrated. Harper & Bros., New York. 52x8% in. 428 pages. $3.

Most of us are apt to think of the late Prince Bismarck only as the Iron Chancellor, a stern, relentless man, one who was absorbed in policies of state, and stamped his virile personality upon politics for more than half a century. We are accustomed to associate that personality only with a certain cynical outlook on life, and an indomitable will in pushing through perfected plans, realizing Bismarck's words: "It is my thankless part to write that we do not live alone in Europe, but with three other Powers who hate and envy us." We are not accustomed to think of the dread Chancellor as a lover, a husband, a father, a man of family. It is well for our appreciation of a great character, therefore, that such a book as this should be published, though no translation could adequately reproduce the original. It reveals, far more than

do his own "Erinnerungen," the man at close range. In Bismarck as lover and husband we find, first of all, a splendid example of the Deutsche Treue-of that German fidelity which lies at the base of every genuine Teuton; and, in the second place, we find the direct expression of a manly man-in these letters there is never an indirect term in language, nor any suggestion of doublefacedness, although in politics the Chancellor may have made a secret treaty somewhat to the detriment of an openly avowed policy. In all his family relations Bismarck was full to the brim of the tenderest affection, of the keenest interest in all domestic details, and, a fact which may surprise some, of a constant and unconcealed trust in God, a profound faith in His Providence and Presence. These qualities are insistently evident in every period covered by his "Love Letters," a correspondence extending from the time of his betrothal (1846) to Fräulein von Puttkamer to 1889, the year before his downfall. If, however, we must choose a particular period of Bismarck's private life as deserving closest attention, we would certainly go back to those earlier years when he wrote to his bride, "With dutiful trust in God, dig in the spurs and let life like a wild horse take you flying." Martyred Missionaries of the China Inland

Mission: With a Record of the Perils and Sufferings of Some who Escaped. Edited by Marshall Broomhall, B.A. Illustrated. Morgan & Scott, London, England. 5×834 in. 331 pages. $1.50. This modern book of martyrs is a timely and appropriate memorial. Specially commemorating those who perished in the service of records the names of all Protestant missionthe China Inland Mission (a British society), it

aries known to have been cut off, and describes the end of some in the service of the American Board. One hundred and thirty-three. with forty-eight children, are included in the list. The narratives of those who succeeded in escaping are given as written by themselves. Numerous portraits befit the purpose of so comprehensive a memorial. The fidelity of the Christian Chinese and the friendly aid accorded by many of the officials and people are amply acknowledged. It has a significant bearing on the causes of the recent outbreak that from 1865 to 1898 no member of the China Inland Mission met a violent death. It is impossible to read Appendix G, the "Official Status of Missionaries," without conviction that Roman Catholic policy, supported by France, has provoked a peculiar resentment in China, to which Protestant missions have never exposed themselves. It is too much to expect that anti-Christian criticism of missionaries will be fairly intelligent, but, if it would be, it must learn something from this book.

Miss Pritchard's Wedding Trip. By Clara Louise Burnham. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. 5x7 in. 366 pages. $1.50.

In a simple and unpretentious way this book is really full of entertainment. Its jollity is spontaneous and natural. The story tells of the adventures which befell a sweet-tempered but timid maiden lady and her niece in a trip through Europe. They meet amusing people,

have all sorts of interesting experiences, and a romance underlies the story and is wrought out in a novel fashion.

New Education Readers. Book Three. By A. J. Demarest and William M. Van Sickle. The American Book Co., New York. 54×7 in. 160 pages. Old New York Frontier (The): Its Wars with Indians and Tories, Its Missionary Schools, Pioneers, and Land Titles, 1614-1800. By Francis Whiting Halsey. Illustrated. 52x81⁄2 in. 432 pages. $2.50.

In writing the history of "The Old New York Frontier," the place of his own birth, Mr. Halsey has performed a labor of love, and the records he has collected have the charm which only such labor gives. In "a personal note at the close of the volume Mr. Halsey tells us that he was led into his investigations by the discoveries he made when preparing an introduction to a volume of his father's reminiscences. These discoveries, he says, very modestly, were mainly events with which he ought to have been familiar from childhood, for they were of National interest, and had taken place in the region where he had grown to manhood. Mr. Halsey's experience in this regard is, unfortunately, the common one in this country, but it certainly ought not to be the experience of the next generation of schoolchildren in central New York, if the teachers of the Susquehanna and Mohawk Valleys make the needed use of Mr. Halsey's book. While written for adults, there is in it a great deal that will interest children-the great Mohawk chief, Joseph Brant, forming the central figure of the narrative, and being justly treated by Mr. Halsey as a statesman and a hero. Even the part which Brant bore in the massacres at Cherry Valley and Wyoming and Minisink is strongly defended, Mr. Halsey finding him more humane than the Tories under whom he served. The political genius of the Iroquois nations, which made their federation strong empire, also receives adequate recognition, and in regard to the unquestioned horrors of the border wars the author sensibly recalls the observation that the accounts would read differently if they had been written by the Indians.

Pleasures of the Telescope: An Illustrated

44

Guide for Amateur Astronomers. By Garrett P. Serviss. Illustrated. D. Appleton & Co., New York. 6x9 in. 200 pages. $1.50.

The author of "Astronomy with an OperaGlass" has now issued an excellent account of the principal attractions of the starry heavens as they may be seen with the aid of a small telescope. Like the chapters of Astronomy with an Opera-Glass," these papers, in their original form, were published in the" Popular Science Monthly." The book is abundantly furnished with maps and indications to enable the amateur readily to find the double stars, star-groups, and nebule. One of the most entertaining chapters describes the scenery of the moon-the so-called seas, the inclosed plain, the mountain-ranges, the ring mountains and craters. The concluding chapter is still more noteworthy, as, in answer to the question, "Are there planets among the stars?" Mr. Serviss sets forth the reasons for thinking that such planets may exist.

Progress of the Century (The). By Alfred Russel Wallace, Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, Edward Caird, Sir Charles Dilke, Captain Alfred T. Mahan, Andrew Lang, Cardinal Gibbons, Goldwin Smith, and Others. Harper & Bros., New York. 52x8% in. 583 pages. $2.50.

The editors of the New York "Sun" should receive full credit for having planned and carried out so dignified and thorough a piece of scientific and literary work as this collection of articles. It would indeed be hard to refer to any equally valuable series of signed articles in the American press for many years. We hope to consider the book in detail at a later

date.

Reading of Life, with Other Poems (A). By George Meredith. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. 5x7 in. 128 pages. $1.50.

Mr. George Meredith's verse is as difficult as his prose, and this volume is no exception to that statement; it requires careful reading. Much of it is written in a very obscure and at times very unpoetic style, but it is full of penetrating thought, and frequently touched by the profoundest poetic feeling. Two short poems will show its quality:

ALTERNATION

Between the fountain and the rill
I passed, and saw the mighty will
To leap at sky; the careless run,
As earth would lead her little son.
Beneath them throbs an urgent will,
That here is play, and there is war.
I know not which had most to tell

Of whence we spring and what we are.

THE BURDEN OF STRENGTH

If that thou hast the gift of strength, then know
Thy part is to uplift the trodden low;
Else in a giant's grasp until the end

A hopeless wrestler shall thy soul contend.
Recollections of a Georgia Loyalist.

By

Elizabeth Lichtenstein Johnston. Edited by Rev. Arthur Wentworth Eaton, B.A. M. F. Mansfield & Co., New York. 434×7 in. 221 pages. $1.50. The Loyalists, or " Tories," of our Revolutionary period are more justly estimated now than by their contemporary countrymen, and everything relating to their temporarily disastrous fortunes is of interest. The writer of these "Recollections" wrote them for her grandchildren, and matters of family concern engross her mind, while political affairs lie in the background. As in the case of other expatriated Loyalists, some of her descendants are persons of high importance in the Dominion of Canada.

Simple Truths of Our Christian Faith (The). By Rev. G. Walter Fiske. Published by the Church Committee Congregational Church, South Hadley Falls, Mass. 3x5 in. 16 pages.

Sermons on Faith and Doctrine. By Benjamin Jowett, M. A. Edited by the Very Rev. the Hon. W. H. Fremantle, D.D. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. 5x71⁄2 in. 354 pages. $2.50. The Master of Balliol was a thinker in advance of his time, and is more justly appreciated now than forty years ago. The Church has moved in the direction he pointed, combining a conviction of the imperfection and transiency of the forms of truth with a firm grasp upon the things that cannot be shaken. In these sermons there is no theological system discernible, but much light, wise perception of the causes of religious controversy and unrest, and

an opening of the ways to those that are at a stand for lack of a thoroughfare in sight.

Sir Christopher: A Romance of a Maryland Manor in 1644. By Maud Wilder Goodwin. Illustrated. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 5x8 in. 411 pages. $1.50.

Mrs. Goodwin has made a careful study of colonial history in Maryland and Virginia, and has turned her study to good account in three semi-historical romances. The scene of "Sir Christopher" is laid in Maryland, and the time is two hundred and fifty years ago. The story is carefully written, in excellent taste, with a skillful use of background of scenery and the manners of the time; and gets its dramatic motive from the antagonism between Protestants and Roman Catholics, which in the early history of the colonies was deep and at times bitter.

Study of Social Morality (A). By W. A. Watt, M.A., LL.B., D.Phil. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. 52X84 in. 293 pages. $2.

character-sketches. The idea is too psychological to be popular, and has been attempted before in a different way but without great success by Hawthorne and others. Certainly Miss Wilkins is not here at her best, which always calls for positive and direct methods. Under MacArthur in Luzon. By Edward Stratemeyer. Illustrated. Lee & Shepard, Boston. 5x71⁄2 in. 312 pages. $1.25.

Under the Redwoods. By Bret Harte. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. 42x7 in. 334 pages. $1.25.

Bret Harte never writes in slovenly style, and there is the old charm about these tales of

early California life, although only two or three of them will bear comparison as to color and strength with Mr. Harte's best work. Unity in Christ and Other Sermons. By J.

Armitage Robinson, D.D. The Macmillan Co., New
York. 5x74 in. 298 pages.

This volume of sermons recently preached in St. Margaret's, Westminster, is pervaded by the thought of the discourse which begins and

is the social ideal of the moral life. From a general discussion of the fundamental virtues of justice, benevolence, and truthfulness, he proceeds to the organization of these in social relationships. His method of presentation is reflective and critical, somewhat like that of the late Professor Sidgwick in his Method of Ethics." There is hardly a point of theoretical or practical ethics that fails to appear in his all-round view, or to be commented upon with judiciously balanced considerations. While this is very suggestive, it does not always yield definite conclusions, and Dr. Watt is rather prone to cite opinions where one would wish him to pronounce his own. We would have liked a treatment of the important subject of casuistry more in line with Canon Gore's call for "a new casuistry" than in review of the formal casuistry of rule that has acquired an ill repute, especially among Protestant thinkers. A more serious missing of the mark is in characterizing the gambling pirit as showing itself in "the delight in ..zard." Rather is it in the purpose for which hazard is employed. But, whatever Dr. Watt may have failed in, he has certainly presented an instructive review of the whole field of ethical study.

Subaltern's Letters to His Wife (A). Longmans, Green & Co., New York. 5x73⁄4 in. 228 pages. $1.25.

We are sorry not to know the name of the subaltern who wrote these letters. They are capital letters; they describe South Africa to us as it has not yet been described. They are realistic; in line and color distinct and vivid, they bring before us the expressionless veldt (yet with a dash of its charm), the "slim" Boer (yet with a bit of his bravery), the eternal Kaffir, the pushful Outlander, above all Tommy Atkins himself, and the official incompetence which has too often commanded him to perform impossible tasks.

Understudies: Short Stories. By Mary E.

Wilkins. Illustrated. Harper & Bros., New York. 412X7 in. 230 pages. $1.25.

Here Miss Wilkins uses the characteristics of flowers and animals as keys for short human

best type of Anglican preaching. The discourse on Christ's "compassion on the multitude" bears on the tenement evil in New York, as well as on the overcrowded slums of London. In view of the work Christ calls his Church to do for humanity, one may hesitate to embrace the preacher's declaration that "the bonds which unite us in the body of Christ are the sacraments." Are they not rather in the one Divine Command, and in the common obedience rendered to it?' White Cottage (The). By Zack.

Charles

Scribner's Sons, New York. 54x73⁄4 in. 243 pages. $1.50.

Painful and intense, but consistent in its character-study. One hardly feels that the artistic result is worth the racking of sensibilities it entails. Miss Gwendoline Keats undoubtedly has power and grasp; one wishes she would use a larger canvas, see some of the bright things in life, occasionally relax the dramatic

strain.

Wigwam Stories: Told by North American Indians. Compiled by Mary Catherine Judd. Illustrated by Angel de Cora. Ginn & Co., Boston. 5X7 in. 276 pages.

This is a fine gift for children. Short sketches of the various tribes introduce a large collection of Indian traditions, myths, and tales of heroes, all copiously and finely illustrated. Works of Charles Dickens. (The Authentic Edition.) Vol. XI. Bleak House. Vol. XII. Little Dorrit. Illustrated. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. 6x81⁄2 in. $1.50 per volume. This edition has been commended in a previous notice.

World's Work (The). Vol. I. November,

1900-April, 1901. Illustrated. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. 71⁄2 101⁄2 in. 676 pages. $2.10. This first half-yearly volume shows strongly and clearly a steady advance. The World's Work" has made a place for itself without servile imitation or copying from methods of other illustrated monthlies. In its selection and treatment of topics, in its illustration, and in its editing, it shows force, originality, and keen judgment as to timeliness and comparative importance.

Some time ago you gave an extended mention in your columns of a proclamation said to have been issued by Sandico on February 15, 1899. You called attention to the barbarity of the proclamation, and, in common with many other writers on the subject, you drew conclusions from the proclamation most adverse to the Filipino character. In a recent publication issued by the Philippine Information Society, of Boston, the authenticity of this order has been questioned on excellent authority. Has this publication been called to your attention? If not, may I quote from it the following paragraphs:

Mr. John F. Bass, Harvard '91, correspondent for "Harper's Weekly" and the New York "Herald," who is a man of the highest reputation and an unusually trustworthy observer, personally known to the editors, believes that the authenticity of this document is as yet unproved. Mr. Bass spent eighteen months in the Philippines and was one of the few men to learn the Tagal dialect, which enabled him to arrive at an exceptionally close understanding of the Filipinos. He at first accepted the February 15 order as authentic, and denounced it in a letter published in "Harper's Weekly," April 22, 1899. On reflection, however, the document seemed to him out of keeping with the character of its reputed author, Sandico, with whom Mr. Bass was personally acquainted, and he made every effort to prove its authenticity. In a letter to one of the editors, under date February 18, 1901, he makes the following statement:

"Up to the time I left the islands the original had never come into American hands. No American had seen or conversed with any native who had seen the order. An enemy of Sandico, a native, presented a document which he claimed was a translation of the original made by a third native who had seen the orig inal. This was at a time when the Provost Marshal's office was flooded with anonymous letters from natives and Spaniards, accusing everybody in Manila of every crime known to

criminal law. The very man who gave the alleged copy of the Sandico order was in a fraudulent accusation against a personal enemy-a business man of Manila."

In view of the above, it seems proper that all Americans who are grounded in the belief that a man is innocent until he is proved guilty should retract any statements based upon a document whose authenticity is at least open to question. I feel great confidence that The Outlook, at least, will give some space to this matter.

ELIZABETH G. EVANS.

[We are very glad indeed to give this letter a place in our columns. At the time of the publication of the Sandico order the War Department believed it to be genuine, and, so far as we now know, still believes that it was genuine; but we hope, for the credit of the character of the Filipino insurgent government, that Mr. Bass's view is the right one, and that the War Department was mistaken. THE EDITORS.]

Union Seminary and the Churches To the Editors of The Outlook: Your editorial paragraph in the issue of "Union Seminary the 27th instant, on Unorthodoxy," gave what I am sure is an unintentional misrepresentation of at least one case. The case referred to as having come before the "Elizabeth Association of Congregational Ministers" was not before a Congregational body at all, but the Presbytery of Elizabeth. There appeared before this Presbytery four young men, one from Princeton, one from Auburn, and two from Union. Three were licensed; one of the two from Union, of course, among the number. The ground for the failure to license in the other case was no alleged unsoundness on the part of the candidate, whether on the question of the relation between the Scriptural narrative and the scientific theory of evolution, or any other doctrine. It was pretty well understood that the candidate from Union who was accepted held the same views as his fellow, and that substantially the same were entertained by the Auburn student.

The young man who was not licensed impressed the Presbytery as having at