but I should like to know whether they are SIR JOHN LOMBE.-Details invited concerning Sir John Lombe, Bart., a gentleman apparently of great wealth during the Napoleonic wars. He enlarged the church of St. Mary the Virgin at Bylaugh, in Norfolk, in 1810, and employed Charles Barry to erect the mansion at Bylaugh Park. Sir John died May 27, 1817. J. LANDFEAR LUCAS. Glendora, Hindhead, Surrey. to have noticed that both the noun and its EULER ON THE END OF THE WORLD. Euler the mathematician (1707-83) is said to have predicted that the end of the world would take place in a certain year. It is likely that some reference to the statement [See Burke's Landed Gentry,' s.v. Lombe of would be found in the letters of Catherine II. Bylaugh.] (1729-96) to F. M. Grimm (1723-1807). Could a reader give some precise informaR. G. H. PRAGELL FAMILY. (See 8 S. ii. 308; viii. 315.)-Morant's 'Essex,' vol. i. p. 21, states that this family had estates in West Ham and Dagenham in 1553. There are some memorials to them in West Ham Church. John Pragell (died 1590) is described as Governor of Berwick and Chief General of H.M. Queen Elizabeth's forces in the North. "CAMOUFLAGE."-In a recent number of The Catholic Federationist the Bishop of Salford writes : "The one word which more than any other has forced its triumphant way definitely into our everyday speech-as well as into those of other nations-is the French term camouflage. This word-like the influenza epidemic-may be said to have spread and gained universal citizenship in little more than a single week from the time it first appeared in an American telegram. French authorities, like Littré in his great dictionary, discuss learnedly its origin. They do not appear tion? AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED. I have found the following quotations in a manuscript written about 1620, and preserved in the library of Trinity College, Dublin, and am anxious to know their source. I have copied them as they appear in the MS., but think they are probably misquotations. as I have found several misquotations from Virgil and the Bible in the same MS. 1. Exemplo patrum commotus amore legendi | Jecit ad Hibernos Sophia mirabile claros. 2. Confluxerunt omni parte Europe in Hiberniæ discendi causa tanquam ad mercatus bonari artium. 3. Flocuerunt sancti in Hibernia quasi Stellæ in cælo, et arenæ in littore maris festus......(?) It is stated in the MS. that the last two quotations are from St. Bernard's works, but I have been unable to find precisely where they occur. GEORGE O'BRIEN. 40 Northumberland Road, Dublin. 4. Who is the author of the following lines, which are found upon an old picture? Why do you tease the lady? Can't you allow her to choose for herself?" On that Macdonell COL. A. R. MACDONELL'S DUEL WITH transferred his attention to MacLeod. Later NORMAN MACLEOD. (12 S. v. 9.) IT is rather a remarkable circumstance that, with one exception, none of the standard works on duelling make any mention of this affair, notwithstanding the fact that one of the principals was chief of an important clan, and was tried and acquitted on the charge of murder. No allusion to it will be found in Douglas's Duelling Days in the Army,' in Steinmetz's C Romance of Duelling,' or in Thimm's Biography of Fencing and Duelling'; nor is it included in a long list of duels in Haydn's Dictionary of Dates, or recorded in the pages of The Annual Register.' The sole exception, so far as I have been able to discover, is a brief reference to the incident in Sabine's Notes on Duels and ་ Duelling, which, beyond stating that the combat took place in Scotland, does not even mention the date. This book has long been out of print, and is not to be found even in the British Museum Library. In these circumstances I may perhaps be pardoned for giving the particulars in some detail, as they will doubtless be read with interest by others as well as R. M. H. In the first place, the duel did not take place at Fort William, but on the beach between Fort George and Ardersier, in 1798; and Macdonell was tried for murder, not at Inverness, but at Edinburgh, where he was remarkably ably defended by Henry Erskine, the Lord Advocate. in the evening, in the messroom of the 79th, high words passed between them, which ended by Macdonell striking MacLeod over the head with his cane and kicking him. MacLeod, who was a grandson of Flora MacDonald, and quite a youth at the time, promptly drew his dirk, but before he could retaliate they were separated. A challenge of course followed. At the first shot MacLeod fell, and died a few days later. Macdonell had offered to apologize, but MacLeod refused to accept it unless the chief consented to give up the cane with which he had struck him, to be used as MacLeod thought fit. To this condition Macdonell declined to assent. He was tried for murder at Edinburgh, and only the skill and eloquence of his counsel, Erskine, secured his acquittal, though the jury added a rider to their verdict highly disapproving of Macdonell's conduct at the beginning of the affair. What Henry Erskine thought of Macdonell may be judged by the fact that he refused to accept an invitation to a banquet given by the chief's friends in honour of his acquittal, on the ground that “his admiration of the part played by his client in the late tragedy was not sufficiently strong to admit of his being present.' WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK. Col. Macdonell's duel is briefly mentioned in Mackenzie's History of the Macdonalds,' p. 358, and in The Clan Donald,' by the Rev. A. Macdonald, vol. ii. p. 484. A full Macdonell of Glengarry was a great friend report appears in The Scots Magazine for of Sir Walter Scott, who is supposed to have 1798, pp. 646 seq. The trial took place on taken him as a model for Fergus M'Ivor in Aug. 7, 1798, at Edinburgh (not Inverness, Waverley.' He was dictatorial, violent- as stated by Mackenzie), before Lord tempered, but generous and kind-hearted Eskgrove and a jury. Lord Advocate withal. Scott's estimate of him will be Robert Dundas appeared for the Crown, and found in his diary in Lockhart's Life.' the Hon. Henry Erskine was leading counsel However, to come to his quarrel with Lieut. for the panel. The indictment was for the MacLeod of the 42nd Highlanders. In murder of Lieut. Norman Macleod of the 1798, at a military ball at Inverness, 42nd Regiment by shooting him with a Macdonell approached a Miss Forbes of pistol in a duel near Fort George on May 3, Culloden-afterwards Mrs. Duff of Muir- 1798. Macleod died of the wound on town-reminding her that she had promised June 3. him the last country dance. She had no recollection of such promise, and told the colonel that she was engaged for it to another man. Macdonell, however, was not disposed to yield, and continued to press his Mrs. Duff (formerly Miss Forbes of Culloden) gave evidence that she was at a ball at Inverness on May 1, that she was engaged to dance a particular dance with a Mr. Ranald M'Donald, and that Glengarry (A. R. Macdonell) claimed the dance. She finally said she would dance with neither of them. Macleod, who was standing near, told Glengarry not to tease her, and she danced with him and then left the ball. Other witnesses deponed that Glengarry and Macleod then met in the messroom of the 79th Regiment, and in the course of a quarrel Glengarry struck Macleod with a stick and kicked him. Macleod immediately sent a challenge to Glengarry; and when the parties met, Glengarry's seconds offered an apology, which Macleod refused to accept, as Glengarry would not hand over the stick with which he had struck him. Glengarry's ball passed through Macleod's right armpit into his back. The wound was thought at the time not to be serious; the principals shook hands, and mutually apologized. The jury returned a verdict of "not guilty," and expressly stated that they based their verdict on the fact that Glengarry had offered an apology before the duel. JOHN A. INGLIS. [G. thanked for reply.] HAMPSHIRE CHURCH BELLS. (12 S. iv. 188, 341.) MUCH speculative interest has been aroused in the minds of many campanologists by the mystery which still shrouds the personality, of two bell-founders whose initials, "R. B." and "I. H.," appear inscribed on many Hampshire bells. The queries arise, Who were they, and where were their foundries located? Mr. H. B. Walters, 'Church Bells of England' (1912), writes, on p. 220: : "The post-Reformation foundries in Sussex and Hants are of little importance. Many bells in Hants, between 1571 and 1624, bear the initials of an unknown R. B.,' and others, between 1616. and 1652, those of I. H." He adds: "Both men were probably resident at Winchester or Southampton." From the dates an inference may be drawn that two distinct series of bells have been cast by founders whose identity has been hidden under the R. B. initials; indeed, such would almost seem to have been the case. Dr. Amherst D. Tyssen, 'Church Bells of Sussex' (ed. 1915), writes:— "The early Elizabethan bells are still involved in mystery....nor do we know what name is indicated by the initials R. B. which occur on five bells in Sussex, dated 1571 and 1572. Mr. Cocks ('Bucks,' p. 195) and Mr. North (Rutland," p. 48) give an account of a bell-founder named Richard Benetly or Bentley, who was living at this time; but his work is very different froni the R. B. bells of Sussex. I have notes of nine bells. in the south of Hampshire, and six more in the 1sle of Wight, ranging from 1598 to 1814, bearing. the initials of R. B., but these have fuller inscripsomewhat later." tions than our Sussex R. B. bells, besides being: Mr. North, Church Bells of Northamptonshire' (1878), also alludes to Richard Benetlye : "At Passenham hangs a bell-the fourthThe writer of the all too brief notes on inscribed :Hampshire church bells in the Victoria +A+TRVSTY+FRENDE+IS+HARDE+TO+FYNDE County History alludes to R. B. as 66 an unknown founder or a founder R. B.," and to a bell as having the founder's initials R. B." There are some twenty-three bells in the county cast by this founder in the interval 1595-1622, seven of the series being in the Isle of Wight. The simple epigraph "God be our guyd" is inscribed on eight of the bells, "Geve God the glory on three, "In God is my hope on a like number; Geve thanks to God' appears on two, whilst 'Love God" and I live in hope" are inscribed on single bells. The remaining five have the initials with the date of casting only. Another R. B., but not a church bell, is located in the westernmost of the six embrasures on the south side of the ancient +1585. The initial cross [fig. given] is also placed as a stop between each word. The founder of this bell I which is a large semi-Gothic-Roman one-being trace by the same initial cross and form of letterfound upon the third bell at Seaton, Rutland, which is inscribed :— +RYECHARDE BENETLYE BELLFOVNDDER It is worthy of notice," Mr. North adds, "how these bells help to explain each other: the one gives the founder's name, the other his date.. The location of his foundry has still to be learned." Mr. H. B. Walters, 'Church Bells of England' (1912), in the chapter on 'PostReformation Foundries refers to one at Colchester, and names Richard Bowler, the originator of the foundry, as casting bells there between 1587 and 1604-a man of some artistic taste who used ornamental Gothic letters and decorative borders. His bells, however, are found only in Suffolk, Essex, and Cambridge. No bells cast by him are found in Hants. "It will be noticed that the inscriptions on his bells differ from those of R. B. In a paper read before the Hampshire Field Club in the autumn of 1892, and revised by the author in 1901, the Rev. G. E. Jeans, Vicar of Shorwell, refers to two R. B. bells in the tower of St. Peter's Church there, and-in a parenthesis-says: "R. B. is Robert Bond, a bell-founder at Winchester. The learned vicar, in replying to a query of mine in November, 1918, writes:"I think indications strongly point to the Bonds having a foundry at Winchester. In North's Church Bells of Lincolnshire' (p. 141) you will find that the priest's small bell at Binbrook St. Mary and the one bell at Croxby have R. B. W. North says he does not know this founder. The W I suppose is for Winchester." Between the R and the B, and above the W, is a bell. may be credited with the fourth bell at Brading, in the Isle of Wight, which bears PR IS THE LORD 1594, and the initials A. W. with many other initials. "In the latter part of the sixteenth and first half of the seventeenth centuries, much of the work in Hants and Sussex was done by itinerant founders. In South Hants and Dorset we find bells by Anthony Bond (1815-1636)." In Hampshire the Anthony Bond bells are few in number. One of 1623 date is at North Stoneham; and four (of the peal of five) at St. Lawrence, Winchester, were cast by him in 1621. Two of his bells located in the Isle of Wight have already been commented on. The epigraphs on his bells are in striking contrast to the short devotional inscriptions on the R. B. bells. Canon Raven, 'The Bells of England,' writes : 66 'Anthony Bond_recast the great tenor at Wimborne Minster, Dorset, in 1629, placing on it his monogram PER A.B ANNO DOMINI 1629, and after the churchwardens' names a shield bearing a chevron and three mullets" a founder's mark not discovered on any other bells cast by him. Further references to the Bond family are found in Mr. Percy G. Stone's Architectural Antiquities in the Isle of Wight.' In commenting on a bell at Newchurch, cast by Anthony Bond in 1626, he adds in a foot-wrote in May, 1918: note: "The family of Bond were bell-founders in the first half of the seventeenth century, and bells made by them exist in many of the churches both on the Hampshire mainland and in the Isle of Wight." In reply to a query, Mr. A. Heneage Cocks "I can add nothing further concerning the tioned him in both my papers on local bellI have again menidentity or locality of R. B. foundries in the Victoria History of Bucks and Berks....Mr. Walters is the best chance, but I have looked up his Essex Bells,' and R. B. is not mentioned there. As to the foundries, Salisbury and Winchester are likely guesses, but, "Aso far as I know, are merely guesses. I am rather early bells and even as late as R. B. a believer in geographical distribution for spotting If you take the centre of the sixteen bells you know of in the county, and find it is near either of those cities, though it will not prove the point, it will certainly carry weight or it may point to some smaller place where there was a foundry." Referring to the second (now the tenor) bell at Chale Church, Mr. Stone writes: seventeenth-century bell from the Bonds' foundry has round it the lettering: ANTHONY. BOND MADE ME. 1628. W.B. RT." In alluding to a bell located at Brading, Mr. Stone states: The initials 'A. W.' appear on bells with 'R. B.,' as in the church of St. John Baptist, Winchester." The Salisbury foundry, he adds, generally produced short religious mottoes such as "Prais the Lord," found on the Brading bell. Lukis, Bell Inscriptions,' p. 76, gives the inscription on the Winchester bell-the fourth bell GOD IS MY HOPE R.B. 1606, and, following the date, A. W: I. W. (The initials after the date may refer to the wardens.) Dr. Amherst D. Tyssen likewise alludes to the Brading bell and the A. W. initials in his ✔ Sussex Church Bells' : "The initials A. W. on eight bells in Sussex stand for Anthony Wakefield, a bell-founder at Chichester, who was casting bells in 1594-1605. His Sussex bells have the epigraph PRAIS THE LORD with the date inscribed on three, and PRAIS GOD on four of the series. Anthony Wakefield On another occasion Mr. Cocks remarked : : "I did a good deal of hunting into the Winchester archives in pursuit of bell-foundries, but quite unsuccessfully....I am not aware that any one has done Salisbury." In regard to the possibility of the foundry being located at Salisbury, Lukis, in his Wiltshire Bell Inscriptions,' pp. 99-130, mentions no bell of the 729 in that county as being cast by either R. B. or Anthony Bond. Dr. Tyssen wrote to me recently concerning the former :— "I see no grounds for connecting R. B. with Anthony Bond. The latter was an itinerant bellfounder from London, and the fact of the Chale bell having, according to oral tradition, been cast locally, strengthens the supposition.” Having regard to the wide geographical distribution of bells marked with the R. B. CHRISTMAS VERSES AT SHEFFIELD. initials," my friend Mr. W. J. Parkinson Smith remarks that "to have cast bells so (12 S. iv. 324.) far distant, and in so many counties, one My note in 'N. & Q.' for December last has naturally conjectures that the foundry of brought me two interesting letters from Bond must have been widely known.' gentlemen whose acquaintance with Sheffield customs goes back much further than mine. Mr. George Denton, of 6 Riverdale Road, Sheffield, writes: In conclusion, no documentary evidence has so far been cited to support the conjecture of family relationship or of business associations existing between R. B. and Anthony Bond, beyond the continuity in dates, the R. B. bells covering the period from 1595 to 1614, and those cast by Anthony Bond from 1615 to 1629. 66 Respecting the other unidentified bellfounder, "I. H.," whose initials are found on some seventeen bells in Hampshire, the writer of the notes on Hampshire church bells alludes to the bells as inscribed with "the founder's initials I. H.," or 'by an uncertain founder I. H., whose bells are common in the district," and by the unidentified founder I. H. (possibly John Higden)." These bells range over the period 1610-52. One of the earliest cast by him is the tenor, dated 1610, at Hinton Ampner, Hants; possibly his latest, of 1652, is located at Bursledon in the same county. "The lines you quote are, I think, a mixture of two old songs-one a Christmas song, the other a New Year or Wassail song. As I remember them when I was a boy, they were quite distinct. Most of the lines you quote are quite familiar to me, though some are not. do not think that Plenty of money and nothing to fear and Ladies and gentlemen who sit at your ease belong to the version I remember. "Of the Christmas song, I only recall the first verse: I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy New We've been a while a-wandering Our jolly wassail, our jolly wassail! 66 Mr. Walters in his 'Bells of England' (1912), referring to this unknown founder, conjectures the initials may be those of John Higden, foreman to Joseph Carter, a successful bell-founder at Reading (1578-1606). In his will, bearing date 1609, Carter refers to John Higden as "his servant," leaving God bless you and send you a happy New Year! him a small legacy. 66 It is probable that Higden set up a foundry in Hants, possibly at Winchester or Southampton. By some means or other he obtained possession (or at least had the use) of many ancient letters and stamps used by Carter. His inscriptions are generally in black-letter, but other lettering is used. At Martyr Worthy the second bell, of date 1632, has the legend In God is my hope "" in small black letters, while the tenor bell, of 1631, has the same epigraph in Gothic capitals. Higden was fond of reproducing mediæval stamps such as the Wokingham 66 R. L." shield, as, for instance, on the fifth bell at Owslebury, of date 1622. Thirteen of Higden's bells bear the epigraph "In God is my hope"; on two "God be our guyd' is inscribed; while two of 1615 and 1651 have merely the initials and date of casting. JOHN L. WHITEHEAD. Ventnor. Year. A New Year! a New Year! Pray God send you (repeated three times) 2. We're not the daily beggars That beg from door to door; (Chorus) Our jolly wassail, &c. We've got a little purse All made of rabbit skin, 4. Bring us out the table, Bring us out the cloth, (Chorus.) 5. God bless the master of this house, God bless the little children |