But one condition is added, viz., that foreigners shall be obliged to prove that these marks are already protected in the State to which they belong, the sole object of which reservation is to prevent foreigners from depositing, with fraudulent intent, under the protection of reciprocity, marks for which they cannot claim protection in their own country. The Federal Council, moreover, in its message of October 13, 1879, whereby it transmitted to the Federal Chambers a bill for the protection of trade-marks, made the following declaration touching trade-marks: "As regards foreign trade-marks we are of opinion that Switzerland should stand upon the ground of reciprocity, and that this is the only position that should be taken by us in the interest of our industry.'

In view of this declaration, the Federal Chambers, in accepting, without material modification, the aforesaid paragraph 2 of Article 7 of the law in question, were without doubt actuated by a desire to embody the principle of full reciprocity in the law.

The undersigned takes the liberty, in conclusion, to ask your attention to the fact that the confederation has, since the promulgation of the aforesaid law, concluded a convention with various States for the protection of trade-marks upon the basis of reciprocity; for instance, with Great Britain, Belgium and the Netherlands; and that the Confederation, previously to the promulgation of that law, guaranteed, in its commercial treaties with France, Germany and Italy, protection in Switzerland for their trade-marks to the citizens or subjects of those States.

The undersigned thinks that he has, by the foregoing, furnished proof that the Confederation recognizes the principles of reciprocity, as regards the international protection of trade marks, as an integral part of its public law, and that the United States may, with the most perfect confidence, enter into such an arrangement with the Confed

eration.

The undersigned gladly awaits a kind reply from you, and he avails himself of this occasion to renew to you, Mr. Secretary of State, the assurance of his very distinguished consideration.

Colonel FREY,

Etc., etc., etc.

E. FREY.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, May 14, 1883.

COLONEL: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 27th instant, concerning the reciprocal privilege of trade marks registration in the United States and Switzerland. It gives me much pleasure to accept your declaration as evidence that the law of Switzerland affords such a guarantee of reciprocity in the matter as will make the application of the privileges of the Act of Congress of March 3, 1881, to owners of trade marks in Switzerland proper and certain.

This exchange of notes accomplishes the end in view, of securing complete reciprocity under the legislation of the respective countries, and I have therefore communicated your note to the Secretary of the Interior, with this reply, and requested him to make the necessary regulation for admitting Swiss trade-marks to all the privileges of registration, which under that act pertain to the trade-marks of American origin.

Now that the immediate object of our late correspondence on the subject is attained, permit me to suggest that, with a view to rendering the engagements of this Government with foreign nations as uniform as possible, the Government would be pleased to conclude and sign with you, a formal trade mark convention, similar to that lately concluded with Spain, to which I have before referred and of which I enclose a printed copy herewith. Our present diplomatic accord will, of course, hold good, until such formal convention can be made effective by ratification and exchange.

Accept, Colonel, etc.,

JOHN DAVIS,
Acting Secretary.

1900.

EXTRADITION TREATY.

Concluded May 14, 1900; ratified by Senate June 5, 1900; ratified by President February 25, 1901; ratified by Switzerland January 21, 1901; ratifications exchanged February 27, 1901; proclaimed February 28, 1901. (U. S. Stat., vol. 31, p. 1928.)

The Government of the United States of America and the Federal Council of the Swiss Confederation, with a view to the better administration of justice, have resolved to conclude a new Convention for the extradition of fugitive criminals, and, for that purpose, have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries, to wit:

The President of the United States of America: John Hay, Secretary of State of the United States; the Federal Council of the Swiss Confederation: J. B. Pioda, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Switzerland to the United States; Who, after communicating to each other their full powers, which were found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles:

ARTICLE I.

The Government of the United States of America and the Swiss Federal Council bind themselves mutually to surrender such persons as, being charged with or convicted of any of the crimes or offenses enumerated hereinafter in Article II, committed in the territory of one of the contracting States, shall be found in the territory of the other State: Provided that this shall be done by the United States only upon such evidence of criminality as, according to the laws of the place where the fugitive or person shall be found, would justify his apprehension and commitment for trial if the crime or offense had been

a Convention of June 19, 1882, with Spain,

there committed. In Switzerland, the surrender shall be made in accordance with the laws in force in that country at the time of the demand.

Neither of the two Governments, however, shall be required to surrender its own citizens.

ARTICLE II.

Extradition shall be granted for the following crimes and offenses, provided they are punishable both under the laws of the place of refuge and under those of the State making the requisition, to wit:

1. Murder, including assassination, parricide, infanticide and poisoning; voluntary manslaughter.

2. Arson.

3. Robbery; burglary; house-breaking or shop-breaking.

4. The counterfeiting or forgery of public or private instruments; the fraudulent use of counterfeited or forged instruments.

5. The forgery, counterfeiting or alteration of coin, paper-money, public bonds and coupons thereof, bank notes, obligations, or other certificates or instruments of credit, the emission or circulation of such instruments of credit, with fraudulent intent; the counterfeiting or forgery of public seals, stamps or marks, or the fraudulent use of such counterfeited or forged articles.

6. Embezzlement by public officials, or by other persons, to the prejudice of their employers; larceny; obtaining money or other property by false pretences; receiving money, valuable securities or other property, knowing the same to have been embezzled, stolen or fraudulently obtained. The amount of money or the value of the property obtained or received by means of such criminal acts, must exceed 1000 francs.

7. Fraud or breach of trust, committed by a fiduciary, attorney, banker, administrator of the estate of a third party, or by the president, a member or an officer of a corporation or association, when the loss involved exceeds 1000 francs.

8. Perjury; subornation of perjury.

9. Abduction; rape; kidnapping of minors; bigamy; abortion. 10. Wilful and unlawful destruction or obstruction of railroads, endangering human life.

11. Piracy; wilful acts causing the loss or destruction of a vessel.

ARTICLE III.

Extradition shall likewise be granted for an attempt to commit, or participation in, any of the crimes and offenses enumerated in Article II, provided such attempt or participation is punishable in the United States as a felony, and in Switzerland with death, or confinement in a penitentiary or workhouse.

ARTICLE IV.

No extradited person shall be tried by a Special Court.

ARTICLE V.

Demands for the extradition of fugitive criminals shall be made by the diplomatic representative, or, in his absence, by one of the consular agents of the State making the requisition.

When the person whose extradition is asked has been sentenced for the offense which occasioned the demand for extradition, such demand shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the sentence pronounced; if the person demanded is merely charged with an offense, the demand shall be accompanied by a duly certified copy of the warrant of arrest issued by the competent magistrate of the country in which the offense was committed, and by certified copies of the depositions or other evidence upon the basis of which the warrant was issued. These documents shall contain an accurate statement of the offense charged, of the place where and the time when it was committed. They shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the provisions of law applicable to the offenses charged, as shown by statute or judicial decision, and by the evidence necessary to establish the identity of the person demanded. ·

The extradition procedure shall be governed by the regulations in force at the time of the demand, in the State upon which the demand is made.

ARTICLE VI.

When it is desired to procure the arrest of a fugitive, by telegraph or otherwise, before the regular papers have been presented, the procedure in the United States shall be to apply to a Judge or Magistrate authorized to issue warrants of arrest in extradition cases, and to present a complaint on oath, as provided by the laws of the United States.

To procure the provisional arrest of a fugitive in Switzerland, the diplomatic representative or a consular agent of the United States shall apply to the President of the Confederation who will order the necessary steps to be taken.

The provisional detention of a fugitive shall cease, and the person arrested shall be released, if a formal demand for extradition, accompanied by the necessary papers, is not presented, in the manner provided in the present Treaty, within two months after the day of arrest.

ARTICLE VII.

Extradition shall not be granted for political crimes or offenses. No person surrendered under the present Treaty, for a common crime, shall be prosecuted or punished for a political offense committed before his extradition.

If the question arises in a particular case, whether the offense committed is or is not of a political character, the Authorities of the State upon which the demand is made shall decide.

ARTICLE VIII.

Extradition shall not be granted when, under the laws of the State upon which the requisition is made, or under those of the State making the requisition, the criminal prosecution or penalty imposed is barred by limitation.

ARTICLE IX.

No person surrendered by either of the Contracting States to the other shall be prosecuted or punished for any offense committed before the demand for extradition, other than that for which the extradition

is granted, unless he expressly consents to it in open Court, which consent shall be entered upon the record, or unless, having been at liberty during one month after his final release to leave the territory of the State making the demand, he has failed to make use of such liberty.

The State to which a person has been surrendered shall not surrender him to a third State, unless the provisions contained in the first paragraph of the present Article have been fulfilled.

ARTICLE X.

When the person whose extradition is demanded is prosecuted, or has been convicted, in the State of refuge, for another offense, the extradition may be postponed until the close of the criminal prosecution or the expiration of the penalty.

ARTICLE XI.

If the extradition of the person demanded by either of the two contracting States is likewise demanded by one or more other States, for offenses committed by the said person in the territory, preference shall be given to the State whose requisition is based upon the most serious offense, unless the State upon which the requisition is made is bound by Treaty to give preference to another.

If the offenses are of equal gravity, the demand first presented shall have preference, unless the State upon which the requisition is made is bound by Treaty to give preference to another State.

ARTICLE XII.

All articles seized which are in the possession of the person demanded, at the time of his arrest, shall, at the time of the extradition be delivered up with his person, and such delivery shall extend, not only to articles acquired by means of the offense with which the accused is charged, but to all other articles that may serve to prove the offense.

The rights of third parties to the articles in question shall, however, be duly respected.

ARTICLE XIII.

The expenses incurred in the arrest, detention, examination and surrender of the fugitive shall be borne by the State making the demand. The State making the demand shall not, however, be charged for the services of such officials of the Government upon which the demand is made, as receive a fixed salary; for the services of officials receiving only fees, no higher fees shall be charged than those to which such officials are entitled under the laws of the country for services rendered in ordinary criminal cases.

ARTICLE XIV.

The present treaty shall go into effect thirty days after the exchange of ratifications. This Treaty repeals Articles XIII, XIV, XV, XVI and XVII of the Treaty of November 25, 1850, between the Swiss Confederation and the United States of America; and the provisions in