1644. Massachusetts; and the soldiers, composing them, were ordered to "be exercised and drilled," eight days in a year. Their officers were chosen by a major vote of the militia." A horse troop was also enlisted. It was ordained, that there be one gen eral officer, in time of war, under the name of major general. Thomas Dudley, esquire, was appointed to this office, at the general election in May; and was the first major general in Massachusetts. The reverend Mr. Wilson of Boston, among other donors, gave a thousand pounds for the procurement of artillery."

Oct. 8.

Treaty be

tween

A treaty of peace was made at Boston between governor Endicot and the assistants, on the one Massachu- part, and M. Marie, the deputy of M. D' Aulney, setts gov the French governor of Acadic, on the other; with the French. a proviso, that it be ratified by the commissioners for the United Colonies at their next meeting.'

ernment &

Law 2

abaptists.

The Anabaptists beginning to grow troublesome gainst An- in Massachusetts, the legislature of that colony pas sed a law against them, with the penalty of banishment for adherence to their principles, and contempt of civil and ecclesiastical authority."

Nantasket named

Hull.

Nantasket, having now nearly twenty houses, and a minister, was by the general court named Hull.' Eastham was built by the people of Plym The reverend Samuel Newman with part of Rehoboth. his church removed from Weymouth, and settled

Eastham

built.

4 Jealousy of the military power is discernible in Johnson's account of this transaction. He represents the government, as "labouring to avoid high titles," yet as ordaining this office, and conferring this title, from a conviction of the necessity of order and subordination. See p. 304. 5 Hubbard MS. N. Eng. chap. xlv.

6 Wonderwork. Prov. 194

7 Hubbard MS. N. Eng. chap. lii; and Hazard Coll. i. 536, 537, where this Treaty is inserted. See also Hazard Coll. ii. 53, 54 Winthrop Journ. 360. The commissioners did ratify it in September 1645.

8 Hubbard MS. N. Eng. chap. xlv. Hazard Coll. i. 538, where the law is inserted. 9 Winthrop Journ, 339. 10 Morton, 132.

Rehoboth. The towns of Reading' and Wen- Reading & ham, in Massachusetts, were founded.3

Wenham.

Vineyard.

Martha's Vineyard, by an act of the commission- Martha's ers for the United Colonies, was annexed to Massachusetts.*

ter.

William Brewster, ruling elder of the church in Death of Plymouth, died in the eighty fourth year of his age. W. BrewsSt. Lucia lying uninhabited, Parquet, a French- St. Lucia man, sent to that island forty men under Rou- settled. sellan, well provided with stores and ammunition. Rousellan, marrying a Caribbee woman, was left unmolested; and the Indians traded with his colony."

1645.

gansets.

The commissioners for the United Colonies' sent Army raismessengers to the sachems of Narraganset and Mo- ed against heagan, requiring their appearance at Boston, and, the Narra in the mean time, a suspension of the wars between the two nations. The Narragansets treated the messengers kindly at the first, but soon, changing their

1 Pres. Stiles Lit. Diary. Here he completed his Concordance, using pine knots for his study light. Ib. He spent a year and a half at Dorches ter; 5 years at Weymouth; and 19 years at Rehoboth; where he died in 1663, Ætat. LXIII. Mather Magnal. book iii. 113-116. It is bis work, "which passes under the name of The Cambridge Concordance." Coll. Hist. Soc. ix. 191. One edition had been printed in England.

2 Wonderwork. Prov. 188. Hubbard [MS. N. Eng. chap. xlvii.] says, a church was gathered there the next year.

3 Wonderwork. Prov. 189. Wenham was built between Salem and Ipswich; and a church was now gathered there.

4 Pemberton MSS.

5 Coll. Hist. Soc. iv. 108, 113. Morton, 126 (there wrongly placed in 1643). Belknap Biog. 252–266. He was educated at the University of Cambridge in England; and was a man of considerable abilities and learning, and of eminent piety. Though well qualified for the pastoral office, yet his diffidence would not allow him to undertake it. In the destitute state however of the Plymouth church, his public services were of the highest utility. In his discourses he was discriminating, yet pathetié ; in the government of the church, resolute, yet conciliatory.

6 Univ. Hist. xli. 217.

7 The meeting of the Commissioners was called 28 June, before their ordinary time of meeting, “ partly," says Morton [133.], “ in regard of some differences between the French and the Government of the Massachusetts, about their aiding of Monsieur Latore, and partly about the Indians, who had broken their former agreements about the peace, concluded the year before.”

1645. tone, declared their determination to have no peace, without the head of Uncas. Roger Williams of Providence giving notice to the commissioners, that the Narragansets would suddenly break out against the English, they drew up a declaration, containing those facts, which they considered sufficient to justify them in making war against the Narragansets. In prosecution of such a war, they determined imAugust 30. mediately to raise three hundred men.* The news Treaty of of the preparation of this army intimidated the Nar

peace.

ragansets, who now submitted to peace, on terms proposed to them by the commissioners. These terms were, That, as their breach of covenant had been the cause of all the expense in preparing for war, and it was but reasonable that they should reimburse it, they should pay, at different periods, two thousand fathoms of wampum; restore to Uncas all the captives and canoes, which they had taken from him, and make satisfaction for destroying his corn; submit all matters of controversy between them and Uncas, to the commissioners, at their next meeting; keep perpetual peace with the English and all their allies and subjects; and give hostages for the performance of the treaty. This treaty was signed on the thirtieth of August; and Indian hostages were left. The small English army, already prepared to march, was now disbanded; and the fourth day of September, which had been appointed for a fast, was ordered to be observed as a day of thanksgiving.3

1 It is entitled, "A Declaracon of former passages and proceedings betwixt the English and the Narrohiggansets, with their confederates, wherein the grounds and justice of the ensuing warr are opened and cleared." This Declaration was published by order of the Commissioners at Boston, on the 19th. of August, 1645. A copy of it is preserved in Hazard Coll. ii. 45-50, and in Hubbard MS. N. Eng. chap. I. In this Declaration it is affirmed, that the English Colonies, "both in their Treaties and converse with the barbarous natives of this wilderness, have had an awful respect to divine rules."

2 Massachusetts was to furnish 190; Plymouth, 40; Connecticut, 40; New Haven, 30. Hutchinson, i. 139.

3 Hutchinson, i. 138-142. Trumbull, i 152—136. The parties in

Impost.

The general court of Massachusetts laid an im- 1645. post on wines and strong liquors, for the support of government, the maintenance of fortifications, and the protection of the harbours."

at Lynn.

Most English manufacturers having already be- Iron work gun to flourish in New England, liberty was granted this year, by the legislature of Massachusetts, to make iron. An iron work was accordingly set up at Lynn, with good patronage, and for a considerable time was carried on with spirit; but at length, through some fault, it failed.*

demanded

Mass. go

vernment.

A remarkable instance of justice occurred in Mas- A negro sachusetts this year, in the execution of the law, a- of the purgainst buying and selling slaves. A negro, who chaser by had been "fraudulently and injuriously taken and brought from Guinea," and sold to Mr. Williams of Pascataqua, was demanded by the general court, that he might be sent home to his native country.3 Manchester, in Massachusetts, was incorporated. Manches A ship, built at Cambridge, sailing for the Canaries, carrying fourteen pieces of ordnance and about thirty men, was attacked by an Irish man of war tween a with seventy men and twenty pieces. A severe ac- N.England tion ensued, which continued a whole day; but a man of ship and a

this Treaty were, the Commissioners of the United Colonies of New England, and Pessecus Mexanno, the eldest of the sons of Canonicus, and other Sagamores of the Narraganset and Niantic Indians. Hazard Coll. ii. 4043, where the Articles of this Treaty are inserted entire.

The commissioners, "considering that the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven have expended more than their proportions in the late expedition, and that they have been out of purse a good value a considerable tyme before the other colonies were at any charge about the same," ordered, that those two colonies should have the 500 fathoms of wampum, due on the first payment, deducting the first hundred fathoms ordered to be given to Unças. Hazard Coll. ii. 44

I Massachusetts Laws. Ten shillings were to be paid for every butt of Spanish wine, landed in the colony. Hubbard MS. N. Eng. chap. Iv.

2 Hubbard MS. N. Eng. chap. xlv. "Instead of drawing out bars of iron for the country's use," says this historian," there was hammered out nothing but contention and lawsuits."

3 Belknap N. Hamp. i. 75. The court was "resolved to send him back without delay." Ibid.

4 Coll. Hist. Soc. vi. 233.

ter.

Action be

war.

1645. shot at length raking the steerage of the man of war, the New England ship escaped.'

Providence.

Towns in

nies of

There were in Providence and its vicinity, about this time, one hundred and one men, fit to bear arms. * In the colony of Connecticut there were eight the colo- taxable towns; Hartford, Windsor, Wethersfield, Connecti- Stratford, Fairfield,' Saybrook, Southampton [on Long Island], and Farmington. In the colony of New Haven there were six; New Haven, Milford, Guilford, Southold [on Long Island], Stamford, and Branford."

cut, and

New Ha

ven.

Acadie

Charles de la Tour, for the sum of two thousand mortgaged. and eighty four pounds, mortgaged fort La Tour, and all his lands and possessions in Acadie, to sergeant major Edward Gibbons."

Virginia

The legislature of Virginia prohibited dealing by currency. barter; and established the Spanish piece of eight at six shillings, "as the standard of currency for that colony.'

1 Hubbard MS. N. Eng. chap. ivi.

2 Pres. Stiles Literary Diary.

3 FAIRFIELD was settled soon after the Pequot war. Mr. Ludlow, who went with the troops in pursuit of the Pequots to Sasco (the great swamp where the battle was fought), was so pleased with that fine tract of country, that he soon projected a settlement there; and in 1639 he with a number of others began a plantation at Unquowa, which was called by the settlers Fairfield. At first there were but 8 or 10 families, which proba bly removed from Windsor with Mr. Ludlow; very soon after, another company from Watertown joined them; and a third company, from Concord. Trumbull, i. 104, 105. The settlers from Concord brought with them a minister, Mr. Jones; who came from England an old man, and died a few years afterward. Pres. Stiles Itinerary.

4 FARMINGTON received its name this year (1645). It was part of a tract, purchased by governor Haynes in behalf of Hartford in 1640. The Indian name of that entire tract was Tunxis; which included the towns of Farmington and Southington, and extended westward to the Mohawk country. Trumbull, i. 115.

5 Trumbull, i. 157. BRANFORD was settled about 1640, by a number of people from Wethersfield. The Indian name of the place was Totoket; which was sold to the Wethersfield people by New Haven, for what it c riginally cost that town. The Rev. Abraham Pierson, with a part of his church and congregation from Long Island, united with the people of Wethersfield in the settlement of Branford. Ibid. 144.

6 Hazard Coll. i. 541-544, where there is a copy of the mortgage. 7 Jefferson Virg. 247.