Encyclopædia

of

Religion and Ethics

>

of

Religion and Ethics

EDITED BY

JAMES HASTINGS

WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF

JOHN A. SELBIE, M.A., D.D.

PROFESSOR OF OLD TESTAMENT LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE

UNITED FREE CHURCH COLLEGE, ABERDEEN

AND

LOUIS H. GRAY, M.A., Ph.D.

SOMETIME FELLOW IN INDO-IRANIAN LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK

VOLUME VII
HYMNS-LIBERTY

NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
EDINBURGH: T. & T. CLARK

1915

81149

vol. 7

AUTHORS OF ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME

ABRAHAMS (ISRAEL), M.A. (Lond. and Camb.), | BALL (JAMES DYER), I.S.O., M.R.A.S., M. Ch. Br.

D.D. (Heb. Union Coll., Cincin.).
Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature
in the University of Cambridge; formerly
Senior Tutor in the Jews' College, London;
editor of the Jewish Quarterly Review, 1888–
1908.

Ibn Gabirol, Inheritance (Jewish), Liberal
Judaism.

ALEXANDER (HARTLEY BURR), Ph.D.

Professor of Philosophy in the University of
Nebraska.

Incarnation (American).

ALLAN (JOHN), M.A., M.R.A.S.

Assistant in the Department of Coins and
Medals in the British Museum; Assistant
to the Professor of Sanskrit at University
College, London.

Jnana-marga.

ALLEN (THOMAS WILLIAM), M.A.

Fellow and Tutor of Queen's College, Oxford;
Reader in Greek in the University of
Oxford.

Hymns (Greek and Roman).

ANESAKI (MASAHAR).

R.A.S.

Of the Hongkong Civil Service (retired); author of Things Chinese, The Chinese at Home, and other works.

Hymns (Chinese), Images and Idols
(Chinese).

BARTON (GEORGE AARON), A.M., Ph.D., LL.D.
Professor of Biblical Literature and Semitic

Languages in Bryn Mawr College, Pennsyl-
vania; author of A Sketch of Semitic Origins,
'Ecclesiastes' in the International Critical
Commentary, Commentary on Job, The
Origin and Development of Babylonian
Writing.

Incarnation (Muslim, Semitic).

BASSET (RENÉ).

Directeur de l'École Supérieure des Lettres d'Alger; Président du xiv. Congrès international des Orientalistes (Alger, 1905); Membre de la Société asiatique de Paris, de la Société asiatique de Florence, de la Société asiatique allemande, de la Société historique algérienne, de la Société de Géographie d'Alger, de la Société de Géographie de l'Afrique occidentale.

Ibn Tumart.

Professor of Religious Science in the Imperial BAUMSTARK (Dr. A.).

University of Tokyo.

Hymns (Japanese).

ANWYL (Sir EDWARD), M.A. (Oxon.).

Late Professor of Welsh and Comparative
Philology, and Dean of the Faculty of Arts,
in the University College of Wales, Aberyst-
wyth; author of Celtic Religion.

Inheritance (Celtic), Law (Celtic).
ASHIDA (KEIJI), M.A. (Yale), S.T.B. (Harvard).
Professor in the Theological Department of
Doshisha University, Kyoto.

Japan.

Herausgeber des Oriens Christianus, Achern
in Baden.

BECELAERE (E. L. VAN), B.A., Ph.D., D.D.
Hymns (Greek Christian).
Sometime Professor of Philosophy, of Theology,
and of Holy Scripture in the Dominican Con-
vent of Studies, Ottawa, Canada (belonging
to the Dominican Province of Paris);
Member of the American Philosophical
Association.

Inspiration (Catholic Doctrine).
BEVERIDGE (JOHN), M.A., B.D. (Glas.).

Minister of the United Free Church at Fosso-
way; author of The Covenanters, and trans-
lator of several volumes from Norse into
English.
Kalevala.

BEVERIDGE (WILLIAM), M.A., F.S.A.Scot.
Minister of the United Free Church at New
Deer and Maud; author of A Short His-
tory of the Westminster Assembly, Makers
of the Scottish Church.

Joachimites.