church colleges. The presidents of these associated colleges-the term college being used in a more general sense than in the United States, applied not only to arts colleges, but also, e. g., to theological seminaries-are ex-officio members of the university council. and senate. There is a division of the curriculum and a just division of fees. All submit to the entrance conditions of the university, which are those framed by the educational authorities of the province of Ontario. Each college establishes its social and religious requirements without conflicting with others. University honors are open to all. The colleges thus affiliated (or, as some of them, federated) represent the Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Church of England and Low Anglican denominations; also University College, a secular college, which, by the Federation Acts of 1887, became the complement of the university in the system of higher education provided by the state. In affiliation with one of these, Victoria University, are four other colleges located in different parts of Canada. At McGill University are located four divinity schools, all affiliated with the university. There is also a department of Semitic languages in the university itself, which, however, is used almost exclusively by the theological students. These four schools represent the Congregational, Church of England, Presbyterian and Methodist Churches. Affiliated with McGill University are four other arts colleges located in the provinces of Quebec, British Columbia and Nova Scotia, with three of which colleges the affiliation concerns the work of the first two years in arts; in the fourth, the work of the first year only. McGill University is also affiliated to the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin

"Under conditions which allow an under-graduate who has taken two years work and has passed the second year Sessional Examination in Arts, to pursue his studies and take his degree at any of those universities on a reduced period of residence."

At the University of Manitoba four colleges, representing the Roman Catholic, Methodist, Episcopal, and Presbyterian Churches, constitute the instructional force of the institution. The university proper is an examining body, probably more nearly resembling the University of London' than any other American university. Representatives from each of the affiliated colleges sit in the University Council and have a voice in the deliberations 1See President Thwing in Harpers' for October, 1906.

of that body. Degrees in Divinity are granted by the affiliated colleges, candidates for the degree being required to take or pass examinations on the subjects of the first two years in Arts as prescribed by the university, Greek being compulsory. Such graduates in Divinity have in the university equal rights and privileges with the other students of the university. The university has the sole power in the province of Manitoba to confer degrees in Arts, Law and Medicine.

Wesley College provides instruction under three schools: (1) The purpose of the instruction given in the Wesley College School of Arts is to provide, in co-operation with the University of North Dakota, courses that may be counted toward the degree of Bachelor of Arts. This will include such courses as, though properly arts courses, are not offered by the University itself. The requirements for the degree in Arts are equivalent to those of the University Senate of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Candidates for a degree from Wesley College may elect work in either the University or Wesley College, provided that the options from the college equal at least eight units for the total number of credits necessary for the degree. In accordance with a plan in vogue in leading institutions, students in Wesley College find it possible to elect such studies as later may be counted toward a degree in Divinity. In 1906-7, the initial year of the existence of the college, courses are offered in philosophy, Hebrew, Biblical Greek, English Bible, and Church history. (2) The Conservatory of Music offers such opportunities as are usually afforded by the best conservatories. The instructors of the conservatory also carry on what work is offered in the State University. (3) The Bible Normal School provides for those workers in the various departments of religious education, who, while not wishing to take up university work, are yet desirous of making some farther preparation for their duties. (4) The purpose of the Wesley Guild is to bring the college into more helpful relations with the Methodist students in the University of North Dakota and the students into touch with the representative men of the denominaion. (5) The tenth month of the academic year is to be devoted to institute work throughout the state, presumably a session of one week in each of the four districts of the North Dakota conference.

Vll. Future Plans

As to future plans reports are not clear. Of twenty-five replies, eighteen were fairly definite:

I

I

Social settlement work..

Improved chapel service...

Several declare it impossible to outline plans on paper.

The department of religious education, while not lacking support in the way of intention and desire, does not seem to share equally with other departments of university and college work the benefits of the definite, purposeful organization that provides against hoped for needs before they are at hand.

The Affiliated College

EDWARD P. ROBERTSON, D. D.

President Wesley College of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N. D.

The state university is a civic institution and therefore selflimited in society that provides for the exercise of civic and religious functions through separate agencies. The coming of the state university, and its acceptance as head of the public school system must also be reckoned with in any proposition to found or endow a church college.

The idea of the affiliated college implies the full and cordial acceptance of the state university for all that its organizing purpose allows, and itself adds what is wanting to complete a university as measured by the full educational needs of the individual and of society. It adds to the otherwise deficient curriculum the subjects requisite for the religious department of education and gives them appropriate dignity by making them an integral part of the accredited work of the student seeking a graduation degree.

The affiliated college is not a theological school, in the technical sense. Its first mission is to provide courses in religious education suited to be taken as a part of the regular college course. It may also provide courses and give degrees in theology and so supply the one graduate school now lacking at the state university. In this respect its courses will accord with the general plan of the university.

The graduate schools of the state university are clearly rooted in the undergraduate courses and anticipated by group electives that enable the candidate for special technical training to lay the foundation in his college years and even to shorten by one year the whole time required. The entire curriculum and machinery of the state university clearly reveal an organic purpose to cover general civic education, and by way of special electives to conduct the student to the professional school to be technically trained and then introduced with credit to the various fields of civic activity.

In all these particulars religious education and religious service are clearly shown not to be within the organic purpose of the state university, as an institution, however much the faculty or students may, individually or collectively, be religiously devoted.

This is simply a fact to be recognized and is not a basis for accusation. It is due to the fundamental principle of separation of church and state in our institutional life. The undergraduate studies in religion, in adequate measure, the group electives anticipating the theological school, and the theological school itselfare all wanting. To supply this want is the distinctive duty and function of the church now as in the past, at the seat of the state university as everywhere else. The church must be present with its instruction through accredited faculty ready to receive confidences, give counsel, exhort to Christian devotion, recognize and suitably prepare for special religious service those who may be so minded, and introduce them to fruitful fields where intelligent devotion will have its due reward.

Society has incorporated nothing in the state university hostile to all this, but has simply reserved this office work, here as elewhere, for the church. Here is defined the open field for the affiliated church college. It retains the distinctive mission of the separate church college, but is modified in form and scope in recognition of the relation it is to sustain with the state university.

The student is allowed full freedom in electing his courses from both schools within certain general requirements. No tuition fee is charged. The generally accepted policy of mutual recognition of credits between colleges of reputable standing, whether church or state, and between colleges and technical schools, is a suitable basis for comity between the state university and the affiliated college. No new principle is introduced; it is simply a modification of institutional forms to fit new conditions in the field of higher education in so far as the situation is affected by the establishment and cordial acceptance of the state university for its intended purpose, without lessening the intention and means to continue adequate religious instruction as an accepted part of college education, and this, too, through the regularly accredited agentthe church.