Heilborn, Das System des Völkerrechts entwickelt aus den völkerrechtlichen Begriffen (1896).

Holland, Studies in International Law (1898).

Holland, The Elements of Jurisprudence, 6th ed. (1893).

Holtzendorff, Handbuch des Völkerrechts, 4 vols. (1885-1889).

Klüber, Europäisches Völkerrecht, 2nd ed.
by Morstadt (1851).

Lawrence, The Principles of International
Law, 3rd ed. (1900).

Lawrence, Essays on some Disputed
Questions of Modern International Law
(1884).

Liszt, Das Völkerrecht, 3rd ed. (1904)
Lorimer, The Institutes of International
Law, 2 vols. (1883-1884).

Maine, International Law, 2nd ed. (1894).
Manning, Commentaries on the Law of
Nations, new ed. by Sheldon Amos
(1875).

Martens, Völkerrecht, German translation
of the Russian original in 2 vols. (1883).
G. F. Martens, Précis du Droit des Gens
Moderne de l'Europe, nouvelle éd. by
Vergé, 2 vols. (1858).

These are the abbreviated quotations of the different parts of Martens, Recueil de Traités (see p. 94 of this volume), which

2nd Ser. are in common use.
Martens, Causes Célèbres du Droit des
Gens, 5 vols., 2nd ed. (1858-1861)

Nys, Le Droit International, vol. i. (1904). Perels, Das internationale öffentliche Seerecht der Gegenwart, 2nd ed. (1903). Phillimore, Commentaries upon International Law, 4 vols. 3rd ed. (18791888).

Piedelièvre, Précis de Droit International
Public, 2 vols. (1894-1895).

Pradier-Fodéré, Traité de Droit International

Public, 7 vols. (1885-1897).

Pufendorf, De Jure Naturae et Gentium (1672).

Rivier, Principes du Droit des Gens, 2 vols. (1896).

Revue de Droit International et de Législa-
tion Comparée.

Revue Général de Droit International
Public.

Taylor, A Treatise on International Public
Law (1901).

Testa, Le Droit Public International Mari-
time, traduction du Portugais par
Boutiron (1886).

Twiss, The Law of Nations, 2 vols., 2nd ed. (1887-1884).

Ullmann, Völkerrecht, 1898.

Vattel, Le Droit des Gens, 4 books in 2 vols.,
nouvelle éd. (Neuchâtel, 1773).

Walker, A Manual of Public International
Law (1895).

Walker, A History of the Law of Nations,
vol. i. (1899).

Walker, The Science of International Law,
(1893).

Westlake, International Law, vol. i. (1904).
Westlake, Chapters on the Principles of
International Law (1894).

Wharton, A Digest of the International
Law of the United States, 3 vols. (1886).
Wheaton, Elements of International Law,
Sth American ed. by Dana (1866).

4. Law-giving authority not essential for the existence of Law

5. Definition and Three Essential Conditions of Law.

6. Law not to be identified with Municipal Law

7. The "Family of Nations" a Community

8. The "Family of Nations" a Community with Rules of

Conduct.

9. External Power for the enforcement of Rules of International

12

11. Common Consent the Basis of Law

12. Common Consent of the Family of Nations the Basis of

International Law.

13. States the Subjects of the Law of Nations

14. Equality an Inference from the Basis of International Law

III. Sources of the Law of Nations

15. Source in Contradistinction to Cause

16. The two Sources of International Law

15

16

18

19

20

21

SECT.

17. Custom in Contradistinction to Usage

18. Treaties as Source of International Law

19. Factors influencing the Growth of International Law

IV. Relations between International and Municipal Law

20. Essential Difference between International and Municipal Law 25

21. Law of Nations never per se Municipal Law.

22. Certain Rules of Municipal Law necessitated or interdicted

23. Presumption against conflicts between International and

Municipal Law

24. Presumption of Existence of certain necessary Municipal

Rules .

25. Presumption of the Existence of certain Municipal Rules in

Conformity with Rights granted by the Law of Nations

25. Case of the "Franconia"

V. Dominion of the Law of Nations

26. Range of Dominion of International Law controversial

27. Three Conditions of Membership of the Family of Nations

28. Present Range of Dominion of the Law of Nations

29. Treatment of States outside the Family of Nations

VI. Codification of the Law of Nations

22

26

.

27

28

28

. 29

30

32

34

33. Value of Codification of International Law contested

34. Merits of Codification in general.

35. Merits of Codification of International Law

36. How Codification could be realised

CHAPTER II

DEVELOPMENT AND SCIENCE OF THE LAW OF NATIONS

I. Development of the Law of Nations before Grotius

37. No Law of Nations in Antiquity

38. The Jews

39. The Greeks

40. The Romans

41. No need for a Law of Nations during the Middle Ages

42. The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century