Education of the Child, Elementary Instruction, Instruction of Adults; 2, Secondary Education; 3, Higher Education, Scientific Institutions; 4, Special Education in Fine Arts; 5, Special Education in Agriculture; 6, Special Industrial and Commercial Education.

Group II, Works of Art-Class 7, Paintings, Cartoons, Drawings; 8, Engraving and Lithography; 9, Sculpture and Engraving on Medals and Gems; 10, Architecture.

Group III, Appliances and General Processes relating to Literature, Science, and Art-Class 11, Typography, Various Printing Processes; 12, Photography; 13, Books, Musical Publications, Bookbinding (equipments and products), Newspapers, Posters; 14, Maps and Apparatus for Geography and Cosmography, Topography; 15; Instruments of Precision, Coins and Medals; 16, Medicine and Surgery; 17, Musical Instruments; 18, Theatrical Appliances and Equipment.

Group IV, Machinery-Class 19, Steam Engines; 20, Various Motors; 21, General Machinery; 22, Machine Tools.

Group V, Electricity-Class 23, Machines for Generating and Using Electricity; 24, ElectroChemistry; 25, Electric Lighting; 26, Telegraphy and Telephony; 27, Various Applications of Electricity.

Group VI, Civil Engineering, TransportationClass 28, Materials, Equipment and Process relating to Civil Engineering; 29, Models, Plans, and Designs for Public Works; 30, Carriages and Wheelwright's Work, Automobiles and Cycles; 31, Saddlery and Harness; 32, Equipment for Railways and Street Railways; 33, Material and Equipment used in the Mercantile Marine; 34, Aërial Navigation.

Group VII, Agriculture Class 35, Farm Equipment and the Methods of Improving Land; 36, Appliances and Methods of Viticulture; 37, Appliances and Methods used in Agricultural Industries; 38, Theory of Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics; 39, Vegetable Food Products; 40, Animal Food Products; 41, Inedible Agricultural Products; 42, Useful Insects and their Products, Injurious Insects and Plant Diseases.

Group VIII, Horticulture and ArboricultureClass 43, Appliances and Methods of Horticulture and Arboriculture; 44, Vegetables; 45, Fruit Trees and Fruits; 46, Trees, Shrubs, Ornamental Plants, and Flowers; 47, Plants of the Conservatory; 48, Seeds and Plants for Gardens and Nurseries.

Group IX, Forestry, Hunting, Fishing, Gathering Wild Crops-Class 49, Appliances and Processes used in Forestry; 50, Products of the Cultivation of Forests and of Forest Industries; 51, Hunting Equipments; 52, Products of Hunting; 53, Fishing Equipments and Products, Fish Culture; 54, Appliances for Gathering Wild Crops and products obtained.

Group X, Foodstuffs-Class 55, Equipment and Methods employed in the Preparation of Foods; 56, Farinaceous Products and their Derivatives; 57, Bread and Pastry; 58, Preserved Meat, Fish, Vegetables, and Fruit; 59, Sugar and Confectionery, Condiments and Relishes; 60, Wines and Brandies; 61, Sirups and Liqueurs, Distilled Spirits, Commercial Alcohol; 62, Various Beverages.

Group XI, Mining and Metallurgy-Class 63, Working of Mines, Ore Beds, and Stone Quarries; 64, Metallurgy; 65, Metal Working.

Group XII, Decoration and Furniture of Public Buildings and Dwellings-Class 66, Permanent Decoration of Public Buildings and Dwellings; 67, Stained Glass: 68, Paper Hangings; 69, Household and Artistic Furniture: 70. Carpets, Tapestries, and Fabrics for Upholstery; 71, Upholsterers' Dec

orations; 72, Ceramics; 73, Glass and Crystal; 74, Apparatus and Processes for Heating and Ventilation; 75, Apparatus and Methods, not Electrical, for Lighting.

Group XIII, Threads and Yarns, Fabrics, Garments Class 76, Materials and Processes for Spinning and Rope Making; 77, Equipment and Processes used in the Manufacture of Textile Fabrics; 78, Equipment and Processes used in Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing, and Finishing Textiles in their Various Stages; 79, Equipment and Processes used in Sewing and making Wearing Apparel; 80, Threads and Fabrics of Cotton; 81, Threads and Fabrics of Flax, Hemp, etc.; Cordage; 82, Yarns and Fabrics of Wool; 83, Silk and Fabrics of Silk; 84, Laces, Embroideries, and Trimmings; 85, Industries producing Wearing Apparel for Men, Women, and Children; 86, Various Industries connected with Clothing.

Group XIV, Chemical Industries-Class 87, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Arts; 88, Manufacture of Paper; 89, Leather and Skins; 90, Perfumery; 91, Tobacco and Matches.

Group XV, Diversified Industries-Class 92, Stationery; 93, Cutlery; 94, Silversmith's and Goldsmith's Ware; 95, Jewelry; 96, Clock and Watch Making; 97, Works of Art in Bronze, Cast Iron, and Wrought Iron, Repoussé Work; 98, Brushes. Fine Leather Articles, Fancy Articles, and Basket Work; 99, India-Rubber and Gutta-Percha Industries, Articles for Traveling and for Encamping; 100, Toys.

Group XVI, Social Economy, Hygiene, Public Charities-Class 101, Apprenticeship, Protection of Child Labor; 102, Wages, Industrial Remuneration, Profit Sharing; 103, Large or Small Industries, Co-operative Associations for Production or for obtaining Credit, Trade Unions; 104, Farming on a Large or Small Scale, Agricultural Unions and Banks; 105, Protection of Workers in Factories, Regulation of Work; 106, Workmen's Dwellings; 107, Co-operative Stores; 108, Institutions for the Mental and Moral Improvement of Workingmen; 109, Provident Institutions; 110, Public or Private Movements for the Welfare of the People; 111, Hygiene; 112, Public Charities.

Group XVII, Colonization-Class 113, Methods of Colonization; 114, Colonial Resources; 115, Special Merchandise suitable for export to Colonies.

Group XVIII, Military and Naval Class 116, Ordnance and Equipment for Artillery; 117, Military Engineering and Accessories; 118, Naval Construction, Hydraulics, Torpedoes; 119, Cartography, Hydrography, Various Instruments; 120, Administrative Departments; and, 121, Hygienic and Sanitary Equipment.

Opening Exercises. It was originally provided that the exposition should open on May 5 and close on Oct. 31, but these dates were changed to April 15 and Nov. 11. The official opening took place on April 14, on which occasion the members of the diplomatic corps, Senators and Deputies, and 14,000 other invited guests were present. The cold, cheerless, almost winter weather that had prevailed up to that time gave place to a bright, warm, and perfect day. At the Salle des Fêtes, the farthest extremity of the Champ-de-Mars, the inauguration ceremony took place. At 2.30 P. M. President Loubet arrived, escorted by M. Millerand, Minister of Commerce; M. Picard, the Commissioner General; and the chief officials of the exposition. As he entered the grounds a great chorus greeted him by singing the Marseillaise, and as he entered the building the orchestra and military bands played a Marche Solennelle, by Massenet. The scene within the building was remarkably brilliant. Since the jubilee of Queen

Victoria or the coronation of the Czar, no such congress of strange and gorgeous costumes had been seen. President Loubet took his stand in front of the dais, and was briefly addressed by M. Millerand, who said, "The persevering efforts and the patient energy of M. Picard and of his colleagues made possible the prodigious work which I present to you to-day." He spoke eloquently of the various races of mankind as of one brother hood. He eulogized the marvels of the economic revolution that had produced steam and electrici ty, which was gradually relieving flesh and blood. Machinery," he said, was destined to become the queen of the world." In response, President Loubet said: "This work of harmony, peace, and progress, however ephemeral its outward show, will not have been in vain; the present meeting of the governments of the world will not remain sterile. I am convinced that, thanks to the persevering affirmation of certain geniuses, thoughts with which the expiring century has resounded, the twentieth century will witness a little more fraternity and less misery of all kinds, and that ere long, perhaps, we shall have accomplished an important step in the slow evolution of the work toward happiness and of man toward humanity. Under these auspices, and with this hope, I declare the exposition of 1900 open." The chorus then sang a Hymn to Victor Hugo, by Saint-Saens, and the orchestra and bands played a Marche Heroique, by Theodore Dubois. This concluded the opening ceremony, and the official party proceeded to an adjoining room, where the diplomatic corps and the chief commissioners of the exposition were presented to the President. A tour of the grounds followed. As they passed the pavilion of the United States the Stars and Stripes were

dipped from the flagstaff, and two American marines, stationed one on each side of the Washington statue, waved a tricolor, while a group of Americans gathered on the bank in front of the pavilion gave President Loubet a ringing cheer.

Among all the rulers and royalties that visited Paris during the exhibition the Shah of Persia alone was the object of a murderous anarchistic assault. He took no precautions, having no fear of political enemies in Europe, and so offered an opportunity to a young French anarchist of disordered mind, who was prevented from shooting him only by the Shah's own quickness and that of his Grand Vizier.

International Jury. Three classes of juries were organized to judge exhibits at the exposition: first, the class juries, whose function was to examine and report on entries; second, the group juries, who superintended and carried forward the work of the class juries; and, third, the superior juries, by whom alleged mistakes and injustices were considered and finally adjudged. As is customary, the judges were selected from among the various nations exhibiting, and the number of jurors taken from the United States was 95, who were appointed by Commissioner-General Peck, and were distributed among the groups as follows: Education and Instruction, Miss A. T. Smith, J. N. Norton, H. L. Taylor, and S. P. Tuck; Art, F. D. Millet, Alexander Harrison, J. B. Cauldwell, Augustus St. Gaudens, and Thomas Hastings; Letters, Sciences, and Arts, Claude M. Johnson, A. S. Capehart, Edgar Cameron, D. O. Haynes, J. K. Rees, C. H. Beard, S. P. Veit, Milward Adams, and W. R. Hoag; General Mechanics, Charles Le Blanc, Storm Bull, H. O. Berg, Francis E. Drake, W. D. Ball, G. R. Ostheimer,

G. R. Hering, J. S. Anthony, R. C. Lewis, and C. T. Malcomson; Civil Engineering, J. A. Ockerson, I. A. Risse, J. W. Howard, W. Renshaw, G. S. Wilkins, and C. T. Purdy; Agriculture, C. C. Duson, Sylvain Bloch, H. E. Alford, Charles R. Dodge, M. L. Floyd, J. I. Schulte, C. W. Dabney, and J. A. Leclere; Horticulture and Arboriculture, J. M. Francis, W. A. Taylor, H. N. Dunlap, and G. B. Brackett; Forests, Hunting, and Fishing, Richard Wiener, A. C. Baker, and Morton Mitchell; Provisions, N. A. Carleton, Alfred Schweizer, L. S. Ware, H. W. Wiley, Julius Schuler, J. P. Smith, and L. J. Vance; Mines and Metallurgy, George Chartier, F. W. Clarke, H. M. Howe, E. W. Johnson, and F. M. Head; Decorative Art and Furniture, A. G. Wilkinson, Roger Riordan, C. E. Spratt, Goodman King, Lazard Kahn, W. S. Ward, and W. F. Wolfe; Chemical Industries, Joseph Leidy, F. Alvarez, A. Legallet, G. R. Lorenz, E. W. Dayton, A. J. G. Hodenpyl, C. F. Greene, and A. G. Stein; Textures and Clothing, J. F. Bancroft, William Harper, Franklin Allen, H. A. Flurschein, Henrietta Olberg, and J. S. Griffin; Diversified Industries, M. H. Hulbert, A. Vignos, Paul Bartlett, E. D. Jones, W. F. Willoughby, Miss Jane Addams, and Percy Peixotto; Social Economy and Hygiene, W. H. Tolman, N. P. Gilman, J. P. McKeehan, and C. A. Rosell.

Exhibits. According to the official catalogues, there were 79,712 entries, distributed among the 18 groups as follows: Group I, 7,142; Group II, 8,620; Group III, 4,779; Group IV, 1,317; Group V, 1,051; Group VI, 3,378; Group VII, 8,739; Group VIII, 1,361; Group IX, 2,315; Group X, 14,308; Group XI, 3,735; Group XII, 3,928; Group XIII, 5,256; Group XIV, 2,942; Group XV, 3,948; Group XVI, 5,380; Group XVII, 888; Group XVIII, 657. Of these exhibits, 6,674 were from the United States. The number of exhibits from France was 31,946, which alone exceeded the United States. It is impossible to summarize the exhibits shown, but the number of awards received by exhibitors from the United States demonstrates the superiority and remarkable advances that have been made in this country since the Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893. The following extracts from a series of articles by experts will serve to show something of the character of what was done for the United States by its exhibitors in Paris. The fine arts exhibit constituted unquestionably the finest collection of works by American artists that had "ever been brought to gether." The mining exhibit was described as comprising representative specimens of all of the commercial mineral products of the United States, a general collection of systematic mineralogy, a reference library, and a collective exhibit of metallurgical processes and products. The army and navy of the United States were represented by a collection of exhibits sent by the War and Navy Departments, or the various bureaus thereof, by private individuals and by firms who contracted for the work under the Government, or to furnish the military and naval service with war materials, apparatus, and appliances.

Awards. The work of the Jury of Awards, notwithstanding the enormous number of exhibits to be examined and the intense heat prevalent in Paris, proceeded with remarkable celerity, and on Aug. 18 the announcement of the awards was made by President Loubet. According to the official bulletin, 42,790 awards were made, which were distributed as follows: Grand prizes, 2,827; gold medals, 8,166; silver medals, 12,244; bronze medals, 11,615; and honorable mentions, 7,938. In addition to the foregoing, about 50,000 commemorative diplomas will be issued to collaborators. Of the

awards made, the United States received: Grand prizes, 240; gold medals, 597; silver medals, 776; bronze medals, 540; honorable mentions, 322; total, 2,476, or more awards than any other nation exhibiting except France. The official comment has been made that these figures "indisputably demonstrate that not only did the United States have many more exhibitors at the exposition than any other foreign nation, but that the extent and quality also of the exhibits have been approved by the ablest international jury ever organized, which has granted the exhibitors of our nation the largest number of awards of all of the visiting nations." Germany received 1,826 awards; England, 1,727; and Russia, 1,493.

Congresses. Preliminary announcements were issued showing the following list of proposed congresses to be held during the exposition: I. Art, which was again subdivided into the following subjects, to each of which several days were devoted--Music, Photography, Dramatic Art, Architecture, Municipal Art, Teaching of Art. II. Mining, Engineering, and Applied Science, subdivided into Gold and Silver Assaying, Mines and Metallurgy, Automobiles, Testing of Materials, Steam Engines, etc., Applied Mechanics, Applied Chemistry, Fire Brigades, Thread Numbering, Gas, Tramways, Aëronautics, Railroads, Acetylene.

III. Maritime Affairs, subdivided into Naval Architecture and Construction, Navigation, Chronometry, Merchant Marine, Maritime Law.

IV. Mathematical, Physical, and Chemical Science, subdivided into Applied Mechanics, Applied Chemistry, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Electricity.

V. Natural Science, subdivided into Ornithology, Alpinists, Geology, Meteorology, Botany.

VI. Agriculture and Forestry, subdivided into Horticulture, Forestry, Agricultural Stations, Viticulture, Cattle Feeding, Agriculture, Agricultural Co-operation, Apiculture, Fruit Culture and Arboriculture, Aquiculture and Fisheries, Wine and Cider Making.

VII. Medicine, Hygiene, etc., subdivided into Homeopathy, Professional Medicine, Medical Press, Electrology and Medical Radiology, Pharmacy, Medicine, Dermatology, Dentistry, Hygiene, Hypnotism, Physical Education, Pharmacy Specialties.

VIII. Anthropology, Archæology, and History, subdivided into Numismatics, Comparative History, Anthropology, and Prehistoric Archæology, Ethnography, Basque Studies, History of Religion, Folklore, Americanists.

IX. Education, subdivided into Fencing, Music, Modern Language Teaching, Higher Education, Secondary Education, Primary Education, Philosophy, Educational Press, Stenography, Bibliography, Psychology, Teaching of Art, Physical Education, Popular Education.

X. Technical, Social, and Commercial Education, subdivided into Agricultural Education, Teaching of Social Science, Technical and Industrial Education, Social Education.

XI. Geographical and Colonial Questions, subdivided into Colonies, Colonial Sociology, Economic and Social Geography.

XII. Industry and Commerce, subdivided into Grocery Trade, Ramie, Commercial Travelers and Agents, Baking Trade, Wine and Spirit Trade, Commerce and Industry, Tariff Regulations, Milling Trade.

XIII. Property and Finance, subdivided into House Property, Movable Property, Joint-Stock Companies, Landed Property, Insurance, Actuaries, Copyright (Literary and Artistic), Indus