longing to the pre-Sargonic period was uncovered beneath an accumulation of 70 feet of rubbish on the northeastern side of the Shate-el-Nil. This building, which is mentioned in the letter as having a frontage of 600 feet, is believed to have been the palace of the early priest-kings of Nippur. The few rooms excavated have already given valuable results in the shape of pre-Sargonic tablets, seal cylinders of the earliest type, and clay figurines of early date. At a later period in the history it was used as a quarry for materials for other buildings. Some of the discoveries correct previous conclusions reached by the Philadelphia expeditions. A large building with a remarkable colonnade, having been completely excavated, proves to be of a date a thousand years later than Dr. Peters had estimated it to be, and is a work of the Persian period. A cruciform structure which had been supposed to be connected with the temple turns out to have been a fortification constructed some time during the last two centuries B. C.

A catalogue of the collection of Assyrian and Babylonian tablets in the British Museum, prepared under the direction of Prof. Carl Bezold, of Heidelberg, includes principally the list of the 23,000 tablets that formed part of the library collected by Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal, 681-625 B. C., which have been recovered from the Koyunjik mound, Nineveh. The library, as appears from the records associated with it, was a careful selection, made by the order of the two kings named, of the more important works from the libraries of southern Chaldea, as a means of supplying the lack of literary culture felt by the Assyrian conquerors of the Babylonian empire. Assyrian youth might, indeed, resort to the libraries and temple schools of Babylonia, among which those of Borsippa, Sippara, and Nippur were conspicuous; but the influence under which they were brought there was all Babylonian, and not favorable to the aspirations of the Assyrian monarchs. In order to counteract this condition, Esarhaddon determined to form a library and school at Nineveh; and this work, begun by him, was completed by Assurbanipal. The library was named after the great library of E-Zida in Borsippa, and was dedicated to Nebo, the god of learning, and his consort Tamitum, the hearer or pupil. Many of the tablets bear a colophon, reading, These tablets I wrote, engraved, and, for the inspection of my people, placed in my palace," which is interpreted as meaning that the library was a public one. The scribes engaged in preparing the tablets were instructed to copy all works of educational or literary value in the colleges of the south; and the fidelity with which the transcription was done is indicated by the indorsement "Like its old copy on most of the books, and by the occasional occurrence of the statement that the original was damaged. The collection includes educational works and handbooks, medical tablets, astronomical and astrological texts, and letters and dispatches, and were written in the different scripts current in the empire, and one that is unknown. Many of the tablets are furnished with a legend corresponding in character with the modern bookplate, in which the royal proprietorship is asserted and a warning is embodied against carrying the book off or converting it to another person's use.

Renewed Excavations at Susa.-Soon after retiring from the museum at Cairo M. de Morgan was commissioned to continue, under the permission of the Shah, the excavation at Susa, in Persia, which had been begun several years ago and carried on with considerable success by M. Dieulafoy. He adopted the method of proceeding there that had been used, with satisfactory results, by Mr.

Petrie in Egypt and by Dr. Peters in Mesopotamia, of driving tunnels in the mounds reaching from the base to the summit. Beneath the charred remains of the Shushan of Arab times the excavators came upon the Elamite palace which was destroyed by Sardanapalus, and beneath this, in successive strata downward, the bricks of royal buildings and the flint implements of remote times. Among the more important of the ancient objects found was a limestone monument bearing a sculptured portrait of a bearded king wearing a flowing robe and armed with a bow and shaft.

Egyptian.-Excavations were carried on in Egypt during the winter of 1899-1900 under the auspices of six institutions at seven principal sites. A party working in behalf of the museum of Gizeh at Sakkarah, near the pyramid of Horæ, in search of burials of princes and princesses, came upon an unfinished burial of the Saitic period, the disposition of which casts light on the way in which the massive sarcophagi were erected. In a chamber reached by a narrow doorway from the bottom of a well 20 metres deep was a very large sarcophagus, not yet occupied, the lid of which was raised about 2 feet above its place by six little pillars of masonry. On the sides of the wall of the chamber were notes in demotic on the progress of the work, written in black ink by the overseer, and other examples of unfinished construction contributed to illustrate the method of proceeding.

The work of M. Gayet, representing the Musée Guimet at Shekh Aabadeh, the ancient Antinoe. has as yet brought to light nothing more important than some Coptic embroideries.

Mr. Garstang, working for the Egyptian Research Account in some tombs near Abydos, came upon several undisturbed burials of the twelfth and eighteenth dynasties, and some which it is hoped may belong to the period between these two ages of which little is yet known.

The University of California had two parties in the field, one of which, under Mr. Reisner, made an unsuccessful search at Kuft for the cemetery of Coptos. The other party was that of Messrs. Grenfell and Hunt, prosecuting at Ummel Barakât, on the southern edge of the Fayum, the fourth season of their searching for papyri. The ruins of a large town, hitherto wholly unknown, were discovered, the name of which appears to have been Tebtunis. The remains found indicate that this place flourished from Ptolemaic times down to those of the Arabs. Many papyri were found, largely from the houses of the priests in the temple inclosure, which date from the first to the third century of the Christian era. A very large cemetery, the earliest monuments of which date from the twelfth dynasty, was discovered. About 60 of the mummies found in the Ptolemaic cemetery were in good preservation. They were furnished with papyrus cartonnage like those found by Prof. Petrie at Gurob. Thousands of mummified crocodiles were found, some of them wrapped up in papyrus sheets and stuffed in the head and stomach with papyrus rolls, many of which are large and fine, although hardly supposed to contain important literary remains. All of them are of a late Ptolemaic date. The general result of the work of Messrs. Grenfell and Hunt is nearly to double the quantity of Ptolemaic papyri extant.

The work of Prof. Petrie and Mr. Mace at Abydos in the interest of the Egypt Exploration Fund was very successful, and contributed important additions to our verified knowledge of the most ancient Egyptian history. Explorations had already been carried on at this site by M. Amélineau, who had discovered the tombs of a number of the earlier kings and recovered a number of objects

illustrating the arts of that remote period. But his work has been criticised as lacking in system. Prof. Petrie, going over the ground again, applied the scientific processes and methods of identification and registry which were described in the Annual Cyclopædia for 1899. While M. Amélineau's researches left the exact date of the relics he found in doubt, with room for wide differences of opinion, those of Prof. Petrie resulted in the settlement of this question and in the collection of large quantities of material identified as of the first dynasty. While this first dynasty, Prof. Petrie said in giving an account of his discoveries at University College, Gower Street, London, had generally been looked upon as more or less mythical, we were now able to handle the royal drinking bowls from the palaces, to compare the art and

tho Usafais, Miebis, and Semempsis, had been identified. Other royal tombs of the same group were those of other kings of the first dynasty. This discovery had also, by the style of the work and the position of the objects of King Aha, led to this king's being certainly identified with Menes, the founder of the Egyptian monarchy. Thus the tablet found by De Morgan in the tomb of Aha proved to have been correctly interpreted by Borchardt. We were now in a position to form a correct appreciation of the whole of the first dynasty between 4000 and 5000 B. C. The art, which was rude and archaic under Menes, rose to its best point under the luxurious King Deu-setui, the fifth of the dynasty. His tomb was paved with red granite and richly furnished with cups of crystal and beautiful stones, bearing his name in

the carvings of the period, to criticise the posthumous respect paid to each king, and "to feel much more familiar with the daily life of the age than we could with our own Saxon kings. All this had come about through the careful study of three or four insignificant-looking lumps of black mud." The royal wine jars, of which many remains were found, were sealed by the officials, and bore generally only the hawk name or Ka name which, not being recorded in the lists of kings, was not sufficient for historical identification. But one or two seals of each king bore both his names, and from these the actual tombs of the fifth, sixth, and seventh kings of the first dynasty, named by Mane

large, finely cut hieroglyphs, while no fewer than 20 tablets of ivory and ebony carved with inscriptions were known of from his tomb. The tombs of the later kings were less sumptuous, but a more general habit of inscribing the objects of the palace and the tomb seems to have prevailed among them. Among the principal classes of antiquities obtained during the winter, Prof. Petrie names: (1) The great tombstones of the kings, one of Merneit, a king previously unknown, and one of Qa, the last king of the dynasty; (2) the private tombstones of the royal domestics, of which 50 were obtained, one in particular giving all the official titles of a major-domo of this age; (3) the fine stone drink

ing bowls and platters, portions of several hundred dishes of fine stone, together with numerous alabaster and slate dishes, about sixty of which bore royal inscriptions; (4) the impressions of seals on the closing of the wine jars, of which 88 different inscriptions were now drawn; (5) the labels and tablets of ivory and ebony, of which parts of 30 had been found with inscriptions; and (6) the innumerable pieces of carving in slate, ebony, ivory, and stones. A collection of these objects was exhibited at University College, London, early in July. Among them a group of Egean pottery, of forms hitherto unknown, from the tomb of King Mersekha-Semenptah, was considered very remarkable. It appeared evidently of the same family as the Mycenaean pottery of later times. Prof. Petrie speaks of it as dated by the tomb to about 4500 B. C., and as giving the earliest fixed point yet known in the history of Greek civilization. Besides the articles belonging to the kings of the first dynasty were some appertaining to two preMenite kings, the extreme beauty of some of which -especially a carved hand-" seems to indicate that they were the products of the zenith of a long artistic history.'

"

In a paper on the system of writing in ancient Egypt, read in the British Association, Mr. F. H. Griffith remarked that Egyptology was now reaching a position where it might contribute trustworthy information for the benefit of kindred researches. Egyptian writing consisted of ideographic and phonetic elements. The highest development shown was an alphabet, which, however, was never used independently of other signs. Apparently not acrophonic in origin, it represented consonants and semiconsonants only, vocalization not being recorded by Egyptian writing. Phonograms were derived from word signs. The end of the native system was brought about by the gradual adoption of the Greek character, beginning perhaps in the second century A. D. Although the Egyptian system of writing might not be actually a stage in the history of our alphabet, it threw a strong light on the development of the alphabetic system; and the survival of its pictorial form for decorative purposes enabled us to recognize the highly ramified connections between the forms and meanings of characters to an extent impossible at present in any other system, whether in Mesopotamia, China, or elsewhere. The results of recent Egyptian philology proved that Egyptian was originally a Semitic language, though its character changed early. The main lines of the grammar being at length established, the materials for a complete dictionary were now being collected and classified.

A papyrus assigned to the twelfth dynasty, which was discovered at Kaluen in 1898, contains data which are regarded by Prof. Borchard, of Cairo, as furnishing an important aid in fixing the date of that period, a point regarding which the extreme estimates differ to the extent of about twelve hundred years. The papyrus belongs apparently to a class of records of daily events kept by the priests in the temple. Among the items is a note respecting the first rising in the year of Sirius (or Sothis), at daybreak, as occurring on the 16th day of the eighth month of the seventh year of King Usertesen III, and embodying directions for the proper observance of the day. In another part of the papyrus is a record, dated on the 17th day of the month, the day following the festival, of the festival donations that were made "on the appearance of Sirius." Applying an astronomical method advocated by Oppolzer, Dr. Brix has computed that the phenomenon mentioned took place about 1873-'76 B. C. This would

bring the date of the twelfth dynasty down to about eight hundred years later than the date accepted by Prof. Petrie.

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, a federal republic in South America. The legislative power is vested in the Congress, consisting of a Senate of 30 members, 2 from each province and the federal district, and a House of Representatives, numbering 133, the ratio being fixed by the Constitution of 1898 at 1 to 33,000 inhabitants. Representatives are elected for four years, one half being renewed every second year; Senators for nine years, the provincial Legislatures and the electoral college of the capital electing every third year a third of the Senate. The President is chosen for a term of six years by an elective body chosen by the people. The President of the republic is Gen. Julio A. Roca, who entered upon his office on Oct. 12, 1898; the Vice-President is Dr. Norberto Quirno Costa. The Cabinet appointed by President Roca was composed as follows: Minister of the Interior, Dr. Felipe Yofre; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship, Dr. Amancio Alcorta; Minister of Finance, Dr. José M. Rosa; Minister of Justice, Dr. Oswaldo Magnasco; Minister of War, Gen. Luis Maria Campos; Minister of Marine, Commodore Martin Rivadavia; Minister of Agriculture, Dr. Martin Garcia Merou; Minister of Public Works, Dr. Emilio Civit.

Area and Population. The area of the republic is 1,778,195 square miles. The population in 1899 was estimated at 4,569,000. Buenos Ayres, the chief city, had 779,872 inhabitants. The number of immigrants in 1898 was 95,190, of whom 39,135 were Italians, 18,716 Spaniards, 2,449 French, 1,503 Turks, 779 Germans, 632 British, and 31,976 from other countries.

Finances. The revenue in 1898 was $33,878,263 in gold and $49,744,214 in paper; expenditure, $20,931,551 in gold and $93,072,745 in paper. The revenue for 1899 was estimated at $41,870,867 in gold and $69,822,000 in paper, and the expenditure at $26,453,272 in gold and $101,170,399 in paper. The budget estimate of revenue for 1900 was $45,981,735 in gold, of which $37,500,000 came from import and $2,500,000 from export duties, and $67,122,000 in paper, of which the spirit tax produces $16,000,000; the tobacco tax, $9,000,000; wine, sugar, and matches, $7,800,000; beer and other taxes, $2,681,000; sanitary works, $5,100,000; land tax, $2,900,000; stamps and licenses, $9,310,000; posts and telegraphs, $4,550,000; land sales and leases, $4,000,000; railroads, $3,209,000; national bank, $2,000,000; various sources, $572,000. The gold expenditure for 1900 was estimated at $32,946,813, of which $23,147,962 represent the service of the debt and $9,515,250 extraordinary expenditure. The estimated expenditure in paper was $95,447,513, of which the Ministry of the Interior and Congress required $16,666,656; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, $1,097,520; the Ministry of Finance, $7,115,420; the public debt, $11,695,218; the Ministry of Justice, Education, and Worship, $16,605,678; the Ministry of War, $16,011.057; the Ministry of Marine, $11,955,680; the Ministry of Agriculture, $1,911,620; the Ministry of Public Works, $6,302,664; extraordinary expenditures, $6,086,000. At the opening of Congress on May 1, 1900, the expenditure for 1899 was stated to have been $7,000,000 below the estimate, excluding special expenditure amounting to $13,500,000. The receipts were $45,676,000 in gold and $61,420,000 in currency.

The national foreign loans in July, 1899, amounted to £45,123,408, in addition to which there were provincial, municipal, and railroad

debts to the amount of £20,021,138 guaranteed by the Federal Government and prospective new issues of £5,938,760, besides £9,868,015 of cedulas of the national mortgage bank, making the total foreign debt £80,951,321. The amount of the internal debts was $104,595,933 payable in paper and $40,375,877 in gold. The foreign and domestic debts on April 30, 1900, amounted to £88,000,000, besides £3,500,000 of floating debt.

The Army and Navy. The standing army numbers 1,463 officers and 12,867 men. The National Guard, the members of which receive two months of camp drill, had 467,572 men on the rolls

in 1898.

The navy consists of 2 old ironclads for coast defense, 2 of newer construction, 5 armored cruisers built in Italy, 2 ram cruisers built in England, 5 other modern cruisers and gunboats, 4 destroyers, and 12 first-class and 10 second-class torpedo boats.

Commerce and Production. The production of wheat in 1899 was about 2,500,000 tons; of flaxseed, 3,000,000 tons; of sugar, 90,000 tons. Indian corn is, next to wheat, the most important crop. The number of cattle slaughtered in 1899 was 310,700. The wool clip was 225,000 tons. The total value in gold of the merchandise imports in 1898 was $107,429,000; of exports, $133,829,000. The imports of animal products were valued at $2,175,000; alimentary substances, $13,557,096; beverages, $8,298,612; textile fabrics and clothing, $33,946,484; mineral oils, $3,206,021; chemicals, $3,101,784; lumber and wood manufactures, $816,994; paper, $3,016,689; leather and hides, $960,031; iron and iron manufactures, $17,785,792; other metals, $3,504,811; pottery and glass, $8,599,408; miscellaneous, $2,113,039. The exports of animals and animal products were valued at $87,381,625; agricultural produce, $42,692,922; forest products, $2,283,061; mineral products, $205,559; products of the chase, $449,549; miscellaneous, $816,742. The export of wool was 221,286 tons; of sheep skins, 42,245 tons; of wheat, 648,161 tons; of maize, 717,105 tons; of beef and mutton, 89,914 tons. The imports of gold and silver coin and bullion were $7,303,255; exports, $1,574,946. The import and export trade was divided among various countries in 1898 as follows:

The gold value of imports in 1899 was $117,000,000; exports, $185,000,000.

Navigation. The number of vessels engaged in foreign commerce entered in 1898 was 10,198, of 6,555,128 tons, of which 6,866, of 5,928,765 tons, were steamers and 3,332, of 626,363 tons, were sailing vessels. The mercantile navy in 1898 numbered 86 steamers, of 31,976 tons, and 157 sailing vessels, of 39,695 tons.

Communications.-There were 9,885 miles of railroad in operation in 1898. The capital invested was $510,643,296; receipts. $33.063,653; expenses, $19,117,118; number of passengers carried, 16,044,389; tons of freight, 9,001,559.

The telegraphs have a total length of 25,345 miles, with 59,060 miles of wire.

The number of letters received in the internal postal service in 1897 was 46,653,262; of other packets, 37,381,566; of letters dispatched, 47,862,283; of other packets, 35,737,266; of letters re

ceived in the foreign service, 9,257,654; of other packets, 5,081,737; of letters dispatched, 6,444,378; of other packets, 2,088,718.

ARIZONA, a Territory of the United States, organized Feb. 14, 1863; area, 113,020 square miles. The population, according to each decennial census, was 9,658 in 1870; 40,440 in 1880; 59,620 in 1890; and 122,212 in 1900. Capital, Phoenix.

Government. The following were the Territorial officers in 1900: Governor, N. O. Murphy; Secretary, Charles H. Akers; Treasurer, T. W. Pemberton; Auditor, G. W. Vickers; AttorneyGeneral, C. F. Ainsworth; Adjutant General, H. F. Robinson; Superintendent of Education, R. L. Long; Geologist, W. P. Blake; Chairman of the Live Stock Sanitary Board, A. C. McQueen; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Webster Street; Associate Justices, Richard E. Sloan, Fletcher M. Doan, George R. Davis; Clerk, Lloyd Johnston-all Republicans.

Finances and Valuations.-The bonded Territorial debt, as by the last biennial report, was $1,045,972.43; the city and county funded indebtedness was $1,634,027.57. The valuation of taxable property was $31,473,540. In August of this year the valuation after equalization amounted to $33,782,466.

A decision lately rendered in the United States Supreme Court affirms the validity of railroad subsidy bonds given by Yavapai County years ago, but lately sought to be repudiated as illegal. The road brought a suit, not yet decided, but the validity of the bonds was in question in the suit between two counties, decided as above.

Education. The new normal school at Flagstaff was dedicated May 11. Forty-one students were in attendance during the year.

The Territorial University has about 130 in the regular classes.

The Indian school at Phoenix has about 600 resident pupils and about 100 day scholars who are employed in families in the town. The Fort Yuma Indian school has about 150. A new building, to cost $10,000, is in progress.

Railroads.-The total valuation of the railroads in the Territory that are subject to taxation, as reported by the Board of Equalization, is $4,363,624. The Attorney-General advised the board that the Santa Fé, Prescott and Phoenix could not be placed upon the assessment roll, exemption having been made by the Legislature in consideration of the fulfillment of certain conditions. Most of the lines had extensions in progress this year, opening new mining territory.

Banks. The abstract of the condition of the national banks of the Territory at the close of 1899 gave: Loans and discounts, $1,364,118; stocks and securities, $174,879; due from national banks not reserve agents, $240,002; due from State banks and bankers, $113,761; due from reserve agents, $469,221; gold coin, $134,720; total specie, $158,158; lawful money reserve, $232,415; due to other national banks, $11,133; due to State banks and bankers, $47,829; individual deposits, $2,138,619.

The New Capitol.-This building was finished in August. It has cost $130,000. Its length is 184 feet and its depth is 84 feet. The height of the top of the dome from the ground is 76 feet. The dome is 44 feet in diameter. The building is constructed as nearly as possible of Arizona material. The foundation is made of malpais, the walls of the first story of granite, and the rest of the walls of tufa. The structure is as nearly fireproof as it was possible to make it.

Cities. The census returns credit the capital city with 5,544 inhabitants. The assessed valua

tion is $4,276,000. A very successful Indian and Cowboy Carnival was held last winter, with the design of attracting travelers to the Salt River valley and prolonging the winter tourist season. The population of Tucson is somewhat more than 7,000 and the valuation between $2,000,000 and $3,000,000.

Globe was incorporated this year, and has in progress a gravity system of waterworks with a catchment reservoir 3 miles to the south.

Prescott suffered great loss by fire, July 13. A large part of its business portion was burned away, with the loss of one life and destruction of property amounting to more than $1,000,000. There was slight protection against fire, the waterworks not having been finished; consequently, rates of insurance were high and not a large amount was carried. Offers of aid were sent from other places but were declined, and rebuilding was at once begun. An election was held Aug. 28 on a proposition to bond the town for $100,000 for water and sewerage. Of 340 votes cast, 19 were opposed. Products. Newspaper reports indicate stantly increasing activity in mining, fresh discoveries, new strikes in old fields, more capital, improved machinery. The gold product for 1899 was estimated in Wells, Fargo & Co.'s report at $3,000,000 and the silver at $739,113; ores and base bullion were estimated at $16,659,148. These figures are regarded by mining men as too low.

con

From a description that accompanied the exhibits of three Arizona companies at the Paris Exposition are taken the following general statisties: The present annual production of the Copper Queen mines is approximately 40,000,000 pounds of copper; of the Detroit mine, 16,000,000 pounds; of the United Globe mines, 6,000,000 pounds. The number of employees of the three groups of mines is 2,500. The coal consumed in generating power is 25,000 tons, and the coke used in the furnaces 60,000 tons. Both coal and coke come from the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. The Copper Queen and Detroit companies have mercantile departments and stores at their mines. All three companies support free libraries and reading rooms for their employees. A medical staff and wellequipped hospitals exist at all the establishments, the men contributing monthly from their wages for medical and hospital services.

The discovery of oil fields near Yuma, near Phoenix, and between Prescott and Jerome is reported.

Onyx is quarried at Big Bug, 20 miles south of Prescott, and in the Cave Creek hills north of Phoenix. New discoveries have been made of deposits near Mayer. The finishing and polishing opens a field for Indian labor.

The Live Stock Inspection Law. This law was in March practically declared invalid in the district court, as one of its main provisions was declared contrary to the organic act as restricting the business of the plaintiff in the suit.

Forest Protection.-An organization has been formed with a view to saving the forest reserves. After a careful investigation of the effect of stock, and particularly of sheep, upon the forest reserves, the commissioner of the General Land Office issued an order for the protection of the forests, excluding all stock from the reserves. Ever since then the large sheep owners in the northern part of the Territory have been endeavoring to have the order rescinded. Recently a bill was introduced "for the protection of the stock interests in the country," and this was the occasion of the action noted above.

Political. The Republican Territorial Convention, Sept. 24, nominated Gov, N. O. Murphy as Delegate to Congress. There were two Democratic VOL. XL.-3 A

candidates-J. F. Wilson and Marcus A. Smithbut Mr. Wilson withdrew about a month after the date of the convention.

In the contest for Delegate to Congress the total vote of the Territory was 16,620, compared with a total vote of 14,050 in 1896. Of this, Smith, the Democratic candidate, received 8,664; Murphy, Re publican, 7,664; and Danielson, Prohibitionist, 292. ARKANSAS, a Southern State, admitted to the Union June 15, 1836; area, 53,850 square miles. The population, according to each decennial census since admission, was 97,574 in 1840; 209,897 in 1850; 435,450 in 1860; 484,471 in 1870; 802,525 in 1880; 1,128,179 in 1890; and 1,311,564 in 1900. Capital, Little Rock.

Government.-The following were the State officers in 1900: Governor, Daniel W. Jones; Secretary of State, Alexander C. Hull; Treasurer, Thomas E. Little; Auditor, Clay Sloan; AttorneyGeneral, Jefferson Davis; Superintendent of Education, J. J. Doyne; Commissioner of Mines, Manufactures, and Agriculture, Frank Hill; Railroad Commissioners, J. G. Wallace, Felix M. Hanley, and Henry W. Wells; Mine Inspector, Robert Boyd, succeeded in September by W. H. Hill; Land Commissioner, J. W. Colquitt; Inspector of Wines, Carl A. Starck; Board of Charities, S. H. Davidson, T. H. Matthews, J. J. Thomas, J. W. Meeks, G. L. Basham, W. A. Jeffers; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Henry G. Bunn; Associate Justices, Simon P. Hughes, C. D. Wood, Burrill B. Battle, James E. Riddick; Clerk, P. D. English-all Democrats.

Population. The census returns by counties for 1900 and for 1890 are as follow: