unworthies. Let all nicotinized pedagogues leave our schools and seek employment in tobacco stores, saloons and tobacco factories. A male teacher of children should be a clean, moral man, free from all evil practices and vicious habits. So long as parents will permit tobacco-steeped pedagogues to hold positions on the teaching staffs of our schools they must expect that their boys will become victims of the cigarette, the cigar and the lethean pipe as an inevitable consequence of their early education in schools presided over by tobacco-addicted pedagogues. If these same boys do not also become addicted to the use of alcoholic beverages as well it will be a wonder. Tobacco and strong drink are twin companions.

Medieal Men Silent on the Evils of Tobacco,

It is a deplorable fact that scarcely any attention is devoted at the present day to the discussion of the tobacco using evil in either medical publications or in text-books for the use of students of medicine. One might search in vain for an article against smoking or chewing in any text-book written by a modern medical man. The reason for this sphinx-like silence of doctors in reference to the evils of the tobacco habit is not far to seek, nor it it difficult to find. Most medical men are themselves slavishly addicted to the demoralizing tobacco habit and cannot, therefore, with any show of consistency or sincerity repudiate or condemn the idol of their own mouths. The tobacco habit being utterly devoid of a single redeeming feature to commend it, is wholly unjustifiable and utterly inexcusable. Doctors who are its

abject victims, knowing this, have not the temerity to attempt a defence of the vicious practice, hence their fixed policy of keeping mum in reference to their guilty indulgences. No other course is open to the doctors who are victims of the demoralizing narcotic weed. Any medical man who candidly and openly denounces the tobacco habit and warns his clients against the use of the weed is a rara avis. The business of most medical men is to treat fellow-victims having "tobacco-hearts" rather than to warn the uninitiated of the evils of the loathsome practice which causes these maladies. Any student of medicine who has had the good fortune to escape the bondage of the tobacco habit is sure to have it fastened upon him when he gets into medical college. Cigarette smoking is a universally practiced vice in medical schools of every nation. During my six years of studentship in medical colleges I can recollect but three students and one professor who were free from this loathsome habit. What

wonder is it that medical schools annually turn loose hordes of bum doctors to prey upon the public? What else could be reasonably expected to come from institutions of learning in which the demoralizing tobacco habit is fostered and inculcated? Medical men to be true to their profession of solicitude for the public health are in duty bound to wholly abstain from the health-blighting tobacco using practice and to warn the public of its evil effects. It will not be seriously denied by any honest and intelligent physician that the appetite for tobacco is entirely sensual and animal; that it is associated with the lowest grade of human influences; that it cultivates and develops the animal nature at the expense of the intellectual and moral. Its whole tendency is to degrade the higher qualities of our being. Public sentiment has for ages very jus ly and appropriately associated tobacco with strong drink and profanity. Our best educators wisely seek to implant in the tender minds of the youth under their care a virtuous and an active hostility to this triple alliance of vice (tobacco, strong drink and profanity). That such a course is based upon sound philosophy no sane person will seriously deny.

Physicians Familiar with the Evil Effects of Tobacco.

Every physician who has been engaged in the practice of medicine must have been impressed with the evil effec s of tobacco upon its devotees. The victims of chronic nicotine poisoning is a spectacle familiar to the practicing physician. No language can adequately or fully describe the real condition of the confirmed tobacco fiend, thin and haggard, pale and nervous, restless and sleepless, timid, apprehensive, irresolute and desponding.

A distinguished English surgeon (Dr. Lizars) writes: "I have invariably found that patients addicted to tobacco smoking were in spirit cowardly, and deficient in manly fortitude to undergo any surgical operation."

How is it possible for men with impaired digestion and unstrung nerves to evince fortitude or self-control? Look at the number of young men, whose lives have been shipwrecked on the voyage of life by the malady called "smoker's heart," and other evil effects of chronic nicotine poisoning. Every young man who becomes addicted to the use of tobacco is in danger of falling a victim to this grave malady.

Medical Men Blamable.

Medical men realizing, as they do, that they are very largely to blame for the prevalence of the health-destroying and demoralizing tobacco using habit, are loath to engage in

the discussion of a subject which would be sure to bring discredit upon themselves by directing attention to their own pernicious practice of indulging in a degrading and healthblighting drug habit.

It was a doctor of physic who first introduced this wasteful and degrading practice into European countries after having himself adopted the use of the weed from the savages of America, whither he had been sent on a voyage of discovery by King Philip II. of Spain. What a blessing it would have been to the human race had this demoralizing practice been left with the savages of the forest, where it originated. It is possible to imagine how this deadly narcotic poison when smoked by the red man in his "pipe of peace" may have soothed the savage breast and for a time postponed his acts of cruelty, but it is impossible to discover any utilitarian purpose to which this poisonous sedative could be put by a sane and civilized man.

It is to be hoped that the time is not far distant when doctors and "divines" will cease to dishonor their professions by abstaining from the use of habit-forming, demoralizing narcotic poisons, such as tobacco, alcohol, morphine and cocaine. Until this much needed reform shall have taken place in the medical and the theological professions the world will remain in the abject bondage of drug-addiction. Physician! heal thyself.

Niagara Falls, N. Y., Aug. 15, 1912.

SELECTED

PNEUMONIA AND ITS TREATMENT.

NEUMONIA baffles us very much as it did the doctors of two centuries ago."-Journal A. M. A., Jan. 27, 1912.

Allopathic Treatment of Pneumonia in 1887.

Thirty-two years ago the writer was graduated in medicine. At that time the treatment of pneumonia, as taught by Dr. Alonzo Clark, the eminent professor of the practice of medicine in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, may be summarized as follows:

Bleeding was still used by many but it was rapidly losing

ground.

used.

Tartar emetic and the antimonial preparations were

Veratrum viride in 5 minim doses was at the height of its popularity.

Aconite was a close second to the former drug.
Quinine was universally used.

Digitalis was also extensively used.

Cold effusions to the chest and ice bags were being tried, but records show that four out of every six patients died from this treatment.

Alcoholics, were largely used.

Opium and its derivatives universally used for pain and delirium.

Saline purgatives, wet and dry cups, blisters and poultices were still employed.

The oiled silk jacket had just had a furore but was going out of style.

Expectorants were very generally used.

The diet was milk and broths.

Allopathic Treatment of Pneumonia in 1904.

Passing over twenty-four years, we find an article in the New York Medical Record on the treatment of "Pneumonia" by one of New York's most capable diagnosticians and practitioners, a man of vast experience in the disease, a

man of honest convictions, an observer. Let us summarize his conclusions:

Salicylates failed to be of service.

Aspirin equally ineffectual.

Creosotal, Creosal, Guaicol have been tried and aban

doned.

Digitalis "seems to act well sometimes."

Ergot and its preparations "are being used," have tried them without encouraging results.

Iodides.

Has seen no marked benefit from them.

Quinine. Confesses a weakness therefor, and says, "Seems sometimes to have a decided effect on the temperature."

Expectorants. Tried and found useless.

Whiskey, not desirable except in alcoholics.
Oxalate of Cerium, "may be tried."

Calomel and Soda, "may be given."

Wet cups used by some but do not appeal to him.
Morphine and Opium good for pain and restlessness.
Dover's Powder may be tried but will often fail.

Bromides, Paraldehyde, Hyoscine hydrochlorate, "often useful but at times fail of their purpose." All unsatisfactory.

heart.

Veronal at present popular but depresses the patient.
Trionol has danger of depression and collapse.

Chloral, does not use it on account of its action on the

Elixir of chloralamide "has sometimes acted well."
For tympanites, Calomel and Soda.

For constipation, Jalap.

Salol, Resorcin, Beta-naphthol, Naphthalin, Carbolic acid, Camphor, has often used them but has seen no good results therefrom.

Muriate and Carbonate of ammonia not found to have

any effect.

Expectorants "not used now."

Heroin "sometimes gives relief."

Terpin hydrate "may be tried."

Strychnia sulphate good to sustain heart.

Nitroglycerine "seems to act well."

Ether, subcutaneously, advocated by some, seen no effect

therefrom.

Diet, milk and broths.