SUGGESTIONS RELATING TO PUBLIC SPEAKING. 453 N this illustration, representing the emotion of Love, the whole being is subdued, the head and body inclining forward; the forehead is tranquil; the eyebrows droop; the eye sparkles with affection; the palm of the right hand is pressed over the heart, and the left hand, with open fingers, is folded over the right wrist; the lower limbs stand together in easy position, with the right foot in advance; the voice is low and musical, and often there is an air of melancholy thought. Love. EXAMPLE "I love you, Margery dear, because you are young and fair, For your eyes' bewild'ring blueness, and the gold of your curling hair. No queen has hands that are whiter, no lark has a voice so sweet, And your ripe young lips are redder than the clover at our feet. My heart will break with its fullness, like a cloud o'ercharged with rain, Oh-tell me, Margery darling, how long must I love in vain?" HE head is either erect or thrown slightly back, in Laughter and Mirth; the forehead is smooth; the eyes are partly closed and full of cheerful expression, sometimes filled with tears of joy; the mouth is open and extended; the shoulders are elevated; the elbows are spread, the hands resting on the sides of the body below the waist; and the voice is loud and joyous in tone. Should the mirth, however, be inward and silent, the form is convulsed with emotion, as in the ex pression of grief. Laughter-Mirth. EXAMPLE-So he took me for a Priest, did he? Ha! Ha!! Ha!!! Ha!!!! Couldn't he tell the difference between a saint and a sinner? Ha! Ha!! Ha!!! Ha!!!! Why, that man don't know the difference between his heels and his head, Ha! Ha!! Ha!!! Ha!!!!" HE height of enthusiasm, the wildness ofIRST, in Horror, the head is thrown forward, Madness or insan ity, the struggle going on within, are manifested in this character. The head is dishevelled and uneasy; the arms and hands are moved about-now pressing the head, no thrown convulsively from it. Every movement of the body is ir regular, rapid and reckless; the eyes, with fearful effect, turn uneasily from object to object, dwelling on none; the countenance is distorted, and the world is a blank. II Madness-Insanity. EXAMPLE- Mark how yon demon's eyeballs glare. Your work is done-I'm mad!-I'm mad!!" Horror. then upward, and then drawn back; the eyes, with fierce expression, stare wildly at the object; the countenance is distorted and affrighted; the form is contracted and half-turned away from the object; the lower limbs droop and are slightly thrown apart; the elbows are thrust out from the body; the hands are raised and open, with the palms outward, while the fingers seem contracted; and the voice is an excited halfwhisper. EXAMPLE " Which of you have done this? Avaunt and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee! Which thou dost glare with. Hence, horrible shadow! Unreal mockery, hence!" 454 POSTURE AND GESTURE IN ORATORY. HEN the individual is moved with Anger, the head is erect; the eye burns and flashes; the lips are compressed: the brows contracted. the nostrils are distended; the body is convuls ed with passion, the fists are clinched; and the lower limbs are spread, with one foot strongly planted in advance of the other; the voice is either low or sup pressed, or harsh, loud and quick; the whole appearance indicates ag itation, fierceness and conflict, and every move ment indicates energy. Anger. EXAMPLE " Now imitate the action of the tiger, Set the teeth close, and stretch the nostrils wide; And bend up every spirit to its full height." "In the contempt and anger of his lip." MBUED with Earnestness, the entire form stands erect; the brow is expanded; the eyes express sincerity and a desire to convince the hearers of the truth and importance of the subject under discussion; the chest is thrown well forward; the lower limbs are slightly parted, with the feet at right angles; the left arm is extended, with open hand; the right hand is closed, and the voice is full and distinct, and moderate or elevated, as the theme or the feelings may suggest. Earnestness. EXAMPLE " Ye call me chief; and ye do well to call him chief, who for twelve long years has met upon the arena every shape of man or beast the broad empire of Rome could furnish, and who never yet lowered his arm. If there be one among you who can say that ever, in public fight or private brawl, my actions did belie my tongue, let him stand forth, and say it. If there be three in all your company dare face me on the bloody sands, let them come on." EXAMPLE-I am a Roman citizen....Here, in your capital, do Id you. Have I not conquered your armies, fired your towns, and drag your generals at my chariot wheels, since first my youthful ar could wield a spear? And do you think to see me crouch and co before a tamed and shattered senate? The tearing of flesh and reing of sinews is but pastime compared with the mental agony that heaves my frame." EMOTION AND FEELING ILLUSTRATED IN GESTURE. 455 XCITED with joyous Expectation, the chin | DISTRACTED by Fear, the head is thrown is thrown forward; the eyes open, and beaming with anticipation, are directed towards the desired object; the countenance and lips express earnestness; the body inclines towards the object; the hands are clasped; one foot is advanced; the movements are slow and graceful; the voice is cheerful and moderate; the forehead is unwrinkled, and the expression, not only of the countenance, but of the whole being, is pleasing. Expectation. EXAMPLE- There has fallen a splendid tear From the passion-flower at the gate. She is coming, my dove, my dear: She is coming, my life, my fate; The red rose cries, 'She is near, she is near;' Fear. forward, especially the chin; the eyes stare wildly at the object; then turn away; the shoulders are elevated; the body shrinks and contracts; the lower limbs are relaxed and droop, with one foot thrown back; the hands are contracted, with the palms outward, in front of the breast; there is a convulsive motion of the chest, the breathing is explosive, and the voice is rapid, high and broken. Fear causes the form and limbs to contract. EXAMPLE- In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men, fear came upon me, and trembling, which made all my bones to shake. Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up; it stood still, but I could not discern the form thereof; an image was before my eyes; there was silence, and I heard a voice saying, Shall morta' man be more just than God ?-shall a man be more pure than his Maker?" B ORNE down with a feeling of Despair, the N the act of Supplication, the head is held back; head is bowed, the chin resting upon the breast; the eyebrows are depressed; the eyes are rolled downward and express agony; the muscles of the face are convulsed and tremulous; the mouth is opened; the nostrils are expanded; the hands are tightly clasped, or wrung as if in pain; the teeth gnash; the body sways violently to and fro; the voice, if heard at all, is little better than a groan, and the breath is a suc cession of sighs. Despair. EXAMPLE" O my offence is rank, it smells to heaven; I halt in pause where I shall first begin." Supplication. the eyes, lips and countenance express earnestness; the body is bent forward; the hands are either spread heavenward, are clasped, or wrung, in intense emotion; one or both knees are bent to the ground; the movements are still or restless, according to the condition of the mind, and the voice is regulated by the same influence sometimes slow, moderately fast, low and pleading, or high and exultant with praise and thanksgiving. EXAMPLE-Gitchie Manito, the mighty,' In that bitter hour of anguish; give your children food, O Father! Give us food, or we must perish; Give me food for Minnehaha! For my dying Minnehaha!'" 456 THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMAN TO NEW FIELDS OF LABOR. RESULTS OF HIGHER CIVILIZATION. HE civilization of the age is signalized by the advancement of woman to a higher plane of thought and action than she formerly occupied. Among the savage nations, woman's condition is that of the very lowest; in the semi-civilized countries she is largely regarded as fit only for menial labor, and even in civilized Europe, to-day, among the lower classes, the woman, harnessed with a dog, transports a large share of the produce to market, and in the same manner she serves as a creature of burden in scavenger and other work. Only back to the first of this century, among the most intelligent of our best society in America and Europe, woman was thought unworthy to a woman-preacher. Lawyers have laughed at the suggestion that she might enter their profession, and judges in authority have refused her admission to practice in certain courts. and incompetent TRAGEDY to perform work requiring any great degree of intellectuality. She was permitted to teach primary schools at a very low salary; beyond that, very few intellectual pursuits were open to her outside of literature. Gradually, how ever, woman has But the march of progress has been forward, and the intelligent sentiment of the age has demanded that woman be allowed to enter any pur suit, the work of which she could perform just as well as men. The result has been the filling of hundreds of clerkships in the Treasury Department at Washington with women, very satisfactorily to the government and all parties concerned. Large numbers have entered the postal service, holding va rious important positions. Thous ands have gone into the educational field, and as teachers, managers, and heads of academies, seminaries, and advanced public schools, have demonstrated both business capacity and intellectual tal ent of a high order. A large percen tage of women are successfully engag ed in mercantile pursuits. She is well represented in the medical profession, she is fast entering the pulpit, and the time is not far distant when on the platform, whether engaged in general lecture moral teaching, political discussion, or legal ar gument, she will be found the exponent of truth and co-worker with man in reform. And while all this transpires she will be no less the kind mother, and the devoted, faithful wife. CONVERSATION beaten her way to the front, in spite of ridicule, jealousy and opposition. College trustees have resisted the opening of their doors to her; the managers of higher institutions of learning have opposed the idea of employing her as the superintendent of their schools. Physicians have fought against her invading their domain. Churchgoers have insisted that they would never listen EXAMPLE " What I in love! ha! ha!-the idea! and with that fellow! The thought is so supremely ridiculous! My name to be changed to Mrs. Philander Jacob Stubbs! And on the strength of the report-ha! ha!-Philander Jacob came around to see mother last night! I think I feel a pain in my heart already-ha! ha! Mrs. Philander Jacob Stubbs, indeed! Laughable, isn't it-ha! ha! ha! Mrs. Stubbs!-Mrs. Stubbs!-ha! ha! ha!" ABSENCE of all hope creates Despair, and ac Despair. cording to the sharp- EXAMPLE- Me miserable!-which way shall I fly |