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14. "Falsely luxurious! Will not man awake?": Thomson, Summer, 67; see note II to page 248.

15. Holborn is not to-day, and was not in Hunt's time, the longest street in London.

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THE OLD GENTLEMAN

1. Lady M. W. Montague: see note 12 to page 284.

2. Churchill: Charles Churchill (1731-1764), writer of satirical verse. 3. George Anne Bellamy: (1731?-1788), an Irish-English actress, the illegitimate daughter of Lord Tyrawley.

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4. Blair's Works: Hugh Blair (1718–1800) was a Scotch divine and man of letters whose Sermons were once extremely popular.

5. Junius: the pseudonym of the unknown author of a series of brilliant satirical Letters published 1769-1772.

6. American War: the Revolution.

7. Lord George Gordon: an English agitator, tried for treason in connection with the No-Popery rioting in London in 1780.

8. Hogarth see note 7 to page 242.

9. Sir Joshua: Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792), the celebrated English portrait painter, first president of the Royal Academy, and one of the founders of the Literary Club.

10. Marquis of Granby: an English general in the Seven Years' War. II. Comte de Grasse . . . Admiral Rodney: the Comte de Grasse commanded the French fleet that coöperated with Washington in the capture of Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781. He was defeated in the West Indies in 1782 by the English under Admiral Rodney.

12. Dr. Johnson's criticism on Hanway: see Boswell's Life, anno 1756 (Vol. I, pp. 313-314 in Hill's edition).

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13. Mr. Oswald . . . Mr. Lampe: the first is probably James Oswald, an eighteenth-century musician and dancing master; the second is John Frederick Lampe (cir. 1703–1751), a German composer of songs and light operas, resident in England after about 1725.

14. Lord North . . . Lord Rockingham: the former was the English prime minister during the American Revolution; he was succeeded in office by Rockingham.

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15. Garrick, Woodward . . . Clive: David Garrick (1717–1779), probably the greatest English actor-manager; Dr. Johnson said of him that "his death eclipsed the gaiety of nations." Henry Woodward (1714-1777), a noted comedian and mimic. Catherine Clive (1711-1785), an actress

especially famous in light parts.

16. Vauxhall . . . Ranelagh: both were formerly amusement gardens on the Thames near London.

17. Newmarket: the site of a famous English race course where races have been run for the last three hundred years.

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DEATHS OF LITTLE CHILDREN

I. a Grecian philosopher: Solon (cir. 638-cir. 559 B.C.), the great Athenian statesman. For the incident referred to, see chapter xvi of his Life by Diogenes Laertius.

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2. "of these are the kingdom of heaven": see Matthew xix, 14. 3. "knowledge of good and evil”: Genesis ii, 9.

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SHAKING HANDS

I. two really kind men, who evinced this soreness of hand: the first one described is unidentified, the second was Hazlitt.

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WILLIAM HAZLITT

ON READING OLD BOOKS

1. Tales of My Landlord: several of Scott's novels were published in series under this general title.

2. Lady Morgan: (1783?–1859) a writer of lively Irish novels.

3. Anastasius: an Eastern romance, on its first publication in 1819 attributed to Byron, but actually written by Thomas Hope (1770-1831). 4. Delphine: a novel published in 1802 by Madame de Staël, the celebrated French bluestocking and miscellaneous writer.

5. "in their newest gloss ": Macbeth, I, vii, 34.

6. black-letter: the so-called Gothic type used in the earlier printedbooks; it closely resembled the type used to-day in German books.

7. Andrew Millar: Andrew Millar (1707–1768), Thomson's and Fielding's publisher.

8. Thurlow's State Papers: John Thurloe (1616-1668) was Secretary of State during the Protectorate of Cromwell. His State Papers were published in 1742.

9. Sir William Temple's Essays: Sir William Temple (1628–1699) was an English statesman and miscellaneous writer. See introduction to the present volume, p. xxii.

10. Sir Godfrey Kneller: Sir Godfrey Kneller (1646–1723), a portrait painter, had as patrons Charles II, James II, William III, and Queen Anne.

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II. rifaccimentos: rifacimento is literally "remaking." The term is usually applied to a literary work which has been made out of another work.

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I 2. "for thoughts and for remembrance": see Hamlet, IV, v, 175–177. 13. Fortunatus's Wishing Cap: Fortunatus, in the widely current popular tale, receives a magic cap, which will place him wherever he wishes to be. 14. My father Shandy... Bruscambille: see Sterne's Tristram Shandy, Bk. III, chap. xxxv.

15. Peregrine Pickle: one of the novels of Tobias Smollett (see note 14 to page 248). The "Memoirs of Lady Vane" are in chapter lxxxi.

16. Tom Jones: see note 12 to page 248. The Masquerade is in Bk. XIII, chap. vii; Thwackum and Square, Bk. III, chap. iii; Molly Seagrim, Bk. IV, chap. viii; Sophia and her muff, Bk. V, chap. iv; her aunt's lecture, Bk. VII, chap. iii.

17. "the puppets dallying": Hamlet, III, ii, 257.

18. let this hump, like Christian's burthen, drop: in Pilgrim's Progress Christian's burden fell off when he reached the cross.

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19. "ignorance was bliss ": Thomas Gray (1716–1771), Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College, 99–100:

- where ignorance is bliss

'Tis folly to be wise.

20. raree-show: a peep show.

21. Ballantyne press. . . Minerva press: the former was the Edinburgh printing house with which Scott was associated, the latter a London center for the issuance of cheap, popular fiction.

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22. the time when I was in my father's house, and my path ran down with butter and honey": the source of this quotation has not been determined. It may be a confused recollection of Job xx, 17, streams of honey and butter," with the frequently occurring Biblical phrase "my father's house."

23. Mrs. Radcliffe's Romance of the Forest: Mrs. Ann Radcliffe (1764– 1823) was the most important of the late eighteenth- and early nineteenthcentury novelists of mystery and terror. The Romance of the Forest was published in 1791.

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24. "sweet in the mouth" "bitter in the belly": see Revelations X, 9.

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25. "gay creatures"..." of the element" "living in the clouds": see Milton's Comus, 299-301.

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26. Tom Jones discovers Square: Tom Jones, Bk. V, chap. v.

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28. Major Bath, etc.: the names are those of famous characters of fiction: Major Bath in Fielding's Amelia; Commodore Trunnion in Smollett's Peregrine Pickle; Trim and Uncle Toby in Sterne's Tristram Shandy; Don Quixote, Sancho, and Dapple in Cervantes' Don Quixote, the last name being that of Sancho's ass; Gil Blas, Dame Lorenza Sephora, Laura, and Lucretia in Le Sage's Gil Blas de Santillane.

29. O Memory! etc. these lines have not been identified as a quotation; they are perhaps by Hazlitt himself.

30. Chubb's Tracts: Thomas Chubb (1679–1747) was a tallow chandler, who wrote much on the deistic controversy.

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.31. "fate, free-will, etc." "found no end": see Paradise Lost, ii, 558-561.

32. "Would I had never seen Wittenberg, never read book": Faustus xvi, 20-21, in Bullen's edition; 11. 1376–1377 in Tucker Brooke's edition.

33. Hartley, etc.: David Hartley (1705-1757), David Hume (17111776), Bishop George Berkeley (1685-1753), John Locke (1632-1704), and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) were all philosophical writers. Hazlitt was at one time deeply interested in metaphysics.

34. New Eloise: Rousseau's sentimental romance. On this and Rousseau's other works see note 29 to page 316.

35. I have spoken elsewhere: in the Round Table essay, "On the Character of Rousseau."

36. "scattered like stray-gifts o'er the earth": probably an inexact recollection of lines 27-28 in Wordsworth's Stray Pleasures:

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Thus pleasure is spread through the earth

In stray gifts to be claimed by whoever shall find.

37. Sir Fopling Flutter: a character in Etherege's The Man of Mode. See also note 34 to page 318.

38. leurre de dupe: decoy for a simpleton; the phrase occurs in Book IV of Rousseau's Confessions.

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39. a load to sink a navy": see Henry VIII, III, ii, 383.

40. a friend, who had some lottery puffs, etc.: Charles Lamb.

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41. Marcian Colonna is a dainty book: Marcian Colonna is a verse tale by Bryan Waller Procter "Barry Cornwall "—(1787-1874). The

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quotation is from a sonnet addressed to Procter by Lamb.

42. Keats's Eve of St. Agnes: John Keats (1795-1821). The Eve of St. Agnes is a richly colored verse romance. The bits Hazlitt quotes here are both from stanza 24:

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The tiger moth's deep damasked wings;

A shielded scutcheon blushed with blood of queens and kings.

come like shadows so depart": Macbeth, IV, i, III.

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44. "Words, words, words": Hamlet, II, ii, 194.

45. great preacher in the Caledonian Chapel: Edward Irving (1792–

1834).

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46. as the hart that panteth," etc.: see Psalm xlii, 1.

47. Goethe's Sorrows of Werter and Schiller's Robbers: the first is a sentimental novel, published 1774; the second a " Storm and Stress " play published 1781, according to Hazlitt the first play he read.

48. "giving my stock of more," etc.: see As You Like It, II, i, 48-49.

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49. Authors of the Lyrical Ballads: in the spring of 1798 Hazlitt visited Wordsworth and Coleridge at Nether-Stowey and Alfoxden. His essay On My First Acquaintance with Poets" presents an extremely interesting account of this visit.

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50. Valentine, Tattle . . . Miss Prue: characters in Love for Love, by William Congreve (1670-1729), the wittiest and cleverest of the Restoration comic dramatists.

51. "know my cue without a prompter": see Othello, I, ii, 83-84.

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