HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. xxxix ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN, ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCADILLY, W LECTURE ARRANGEMENTS AFTER EASTER, 1872. LECTURE HOUR, THREE O'CLOCK. Dr. WM. A. GUY, F.R.S.-THREE LECTURES, On Statistics, Social Science, and Political Economy, on TUESDAYS April 9, 16, and 23. Subscription, Half a Guinea. EDWARD B. TYLOR, Esq., F.R.S.-SIX LECTURES, On the Development of Belief and Custom amongst the Lower Races of Mankind, on TUESDAYS, April 30 to June 4. Subscription, One Guinea. Prof. TYNDALL, LL.D., F.R.S.-NINE LECTURES, On Heat and Light, on THURSDAYS, April 11 to June 6. Subscription, One Guinea. R. A. PROCTOR, Esq., B.A., F.R.A.S.-FIVE LECTURES, On the Star Depths, on SATURDAYS, April 13 to May 11. Subscription, Half a Guinea. Prof. ROSCOE, F.R.S.-FOUR LECTURES, On the Chemical Action of Light, on SATURDAYS, May 18 to June 8. Subscription, Half a Guinea. HENRY CROUCH, 51, London Wall, London, E.C. REVISED PRICE-LIST OF OBJECTIVES. THE OBJECTIVES comprised in the following Lists are guaranteed of the highest class, and especial attention is directed to the new IMMERSION -in., unsurpassed for brilliance and definition, and working through the thickest covering glass. The new IMMERSION, -in. 140°, with screw adjustment for thickness of cover, £4. 10s. ; with extra dry front, £5. 10s. Post-Office Orders to be made payable at Lombard Street, with 6d. extra for postage. 406, STRAND, W.C. 66, STRAND, W.C. J. H. STEWARD, £. s. d. 3 0 0 2 2 0 300 4 10 0 54, CORNHILL, E.C., LONDON. STEWARD'S "COMPLETE" STUDENT'S or EDUCATIONAL MICROSCOPE, With improved Moveable Stage, coarse and fine Adjustment, 2 Eye-pieces, Condenser on Stand, Stage Forceps, small Brass Forceps. A Set of good Object-glasses, dividing and forming 4-inch, .inch, and 1-inch, also a 14-inch English Object-glass. The whole complete in Mahogany Cabinet, £4. 10s. Steward's Magic Lanterns & Dissolving-view Apparatus & Slides. New Illustrated Catalogue Gratis, Post-free to all parts of the world. J. H. STEWARD, Optician to Her Majesty's Government, THE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION & THE NATIONAL ARTILLERY ASSOCIATION, by Appointment. 406 STRAND, 66 STRAND, and 54 CORNHILL, LONDON. BOTANIC SOCIETY OF MEETINGS AT THE ARDENS, REGENT'S PARK, 1872. SPRING FLOWERS.-Wednesdays, April 10th, May 8th. TIONS.-Wednesdays and Thursdays, May 22nd, 23rd; June 19th, 20th; July 10th, 11th. NADES.-Every Wednesday in May, June, and July, excepting the Exhibition days, at 4 o'clock. May 17th, 24th, 31st; June 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th; July 5th. Now ready, imperial quarto, price £1. 11s. 6d., ts and 12 whole-page Plates, containing 99 figures coloured to nature, of the Gymnoblastic or Tubularian Hydroids. CORGE JAMES ALLMAN, M.D., DUBLIN AND OXON., al College of Surgeons, Ireland, F.R.S., F.R.S.E., &c., Emeritus Professor of Natural History, University of Edinburgh. PART I.-CONTENTS. PHYSIOLOGY. DISTRIBUTION. HARDWICKE'S LABORATORY, 60, GOWER S HENRY MATTHEWS, F.C.S., is prepared particularly in its application to MEDICINE, AGR The Laboratory is open daily, except Saturday, fro Y. Mathews is also prepared to undertake ANALY ryu M. Henry Matthews, at the Laboratory, 60, ult of many years' study, and is intended to work out as exhaustively as possible the the HYDROIDA. A very large proportion of the observations are entirely original, and granted which it was possible to subject to personal verification by constant and widelycoast, both within the tidal zone and in the deeper sea regions, followed up by laborious The plates are all drawn by the Author himself from the living animal. The soft parts, interest in these wonderful organisms, are represented as they show themselves while he waters of its native seas. The plates, moreover, contain numerous anatomical and esides the magnified drawings of each species, in every case a figure of the animal in its : ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192, PICCADILLY, W. THLY MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL, d Monthly, price ls. 6d. No. XL., for APRIL, 1872, contains: F VEGETABLE ORGANISMS OF LIVING BIRDS. By Dr. &c. FINER NERVES OF THE OF AMPHIPLEURA PELLUECTIVES MADE BY R. & J. WALES. By Dr. J. J. Wood STEPHENSON'S ERECTING; BINOCULAR. By J. W. Stephen- ON A PRESUMED PHASE OF ACTINOPHRYAN LIFE. By ON THE VARIOUS PHENOMENA BY THE PODURA TEST eviews of Books and Summary of Microscopical Progress at Home and Abroad. Ds. 6d., Vol. VI. of the above, 388 pp., and 19 whole-page plates; also Vols. I., II., III., IV. and V. may be had in Cloth, price 10s. 6d. each. DON: ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192, PICCADILLY, W. OPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW, THE PHYSIOLOGICAL POSITION OF ALCOHOL. B. W. Richardson, M.D. Reviews of Books and Summary of Science of the Quarter. Numbers, £5. 78. 6d. ; or 10 vols. in Cloth, £6. 38.; half-morocco, £7. 138. By Dr. Researches of Clarke and Carter). MR. HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. LABORATORY, 60, GOWER STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE, W.C. xli HENRY MATTHEWS, F.C.S., is prepared to give Instruction in all Branches of PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, particularly in its application to MEDICINE, AGRICULTURE, and COMMERCE. The Laboratory is open daily, except Saturday, from Ten to Five o'clock; on Saturday, from Ten to One o'clock. Mr. Matthews is also prepared to undertake ANALYSES of every_description. For Particulars and Prospectuses apply to Mr. Henry Matthews, at the Laboratory, 60, Gower Street, Bedford Square, W.C. Colman Flour unequalled for Blanc-Mange, Custards, Puddings, Cakes, Soups, &c. Fcap. 8vo., price 2s. 6d. plain, 48. coloured. HALF-HOURS WITH THE MICROSCOPE. By EDWIN LANKESTER, M.D. Illustrated by 250 Drawings from Nature by TUFFEN WEST. New Edition, much enlarged, with full Description of the various Parts of the Instrument. Fcap. 8vo., cloth, with Illustrations on Stone and Wood, price 2s. 6d. HALF-HOURS WITH THE TELESCOPE. Being a Popular Guide to the Use of the Telescope as a means of Amusement and Instruction. Adapted to inexpensive Instruments. By R. A. PROCTOR, B.A., F.R.A.S. Demy 4to., cloth, price 58. HALF-HOURS WITH THE STARS. A PLAIN AND EASY GUIDE TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE CONSTELLATIONS. Showing in Twelve Maps the Position of the principal Star-Groups night after night throughout the Year. With Introduction, and a separate Explanation of each Map. True for every Year. By R. A. PROCTOR, B.A., F.R.A.S., Author of "Half-Hours with the Telescope." LONDON: ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192, PICCADILLY, W. DR. LANKESTER ON FOOD, AND ON THE USES OF ANIMALS, in Relation to the Industry of Man. A Course of Lectures delivered at the South Kensington Museum. By E. LANKESTER, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. Crown 8vo., cloth, pp. 750 "Full of sound science, curious anecdotes, and quaint illustration. Dr. Lankester has a singular power of illustrative keenness; and in the discursive lessons which he delivers on so many subjects, there is an overflowing wealth of minute collateral information which is always brought to the level of the last achievements of science."-Lancet. LONDON ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192, PICCADILLY, W. THOMAS ROSS, OPTICIAN To H.M. the Queen; H.R.H. the Prince of Wales; H.R.H. the Princess of Wales; H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh; the Royal Navy; the Royal Yacht Squadron; the Prussian, Italian, and Egyptian Governments, &c. &c., 7, LATE WIGMORE STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, (Manufactory, 2, FEATHERSTONE BUILDINGS, HIGH HOLBORN.) JOHN BROWNING begs respectfully to inform Scientific Gentlemen and the Public generally that he has taken the Premises, No, 63, STRAND, opposite Bedford-street. These Premises he opened as a West-end branch of his business on the 18th of March. In a Show-room, on the ground-floor, there will be every convenience for testing, or seeing in action, Microscopes, Spectroscopes, Astronomical, Electrical, and other Philosophical Apparatus. There are light workshops on the Premises. Communication has been established by electric telegraph with the Factory, at 111, Minories. JOHN BROWNING, Optical & Philosophical Instrument Maker to the Royal Society, the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Edinburgh, &c., 63, Strand, W.C., 111, Minories, E., and 6, Vine Street, E.C. Specialities: Spectroscopes, Astronomical Telescopes, Polariscopes, Microscopes, and Electrical Apparatus. NEW MICROSCOPE APPARATUS. LIGHT CORRECTOR. This piece of apparatus is made as shown in the diagram, and consists of a brass plate to lay the object on, and beneath it a wheel which can be turned freely so as to bring the different glasses underneath the specimen. No. 1 is an open space; No. 2 a dark blue glass; No. 3 a light blue, and No. 4 a ground glass. By these a beautiful softness and purity of light can be obtained giving great comfort to the eyes and clearness of definition, entirely obviating the unpleasant yellowness of artificial illumination. Price 78. 6d. Superior Finish, 98. 6d. CHARLES COLLINS, 157, Great Portland Street, London, W. Catalogues on application. HOW'S MICROSCOPE LAMP, 10s. 6d. Description on receipt of One Stamp. MAGIC LANTERNS, DISSOLVING VIEW APPARATUS, &c. Photographic and other Views for above, Catalogue on receipt of Four Stamps. List of New Slides for the coming Season. (In the Press.) JAMES HOW, 2, Foster-lane, London. DOLLOND & CO., BY APPOINTMENT, OPTICIANS TO (ESTABLISHED 1750.) HER MAJESTY, To the Hon. Corporation of the Trinity House. To the Royal National Life-Boat Institution. No. 1, LUDGATE HILL, CORNER OF ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD. BINOCULAR GLASSES, BAROMETERS, THERMOMETERS, SEXTANTS, &c. DOLLOND'S UNRIVALLED ONE-GUINEA OPERA GLASS, of great power and clear definition. Dollond's Binocular 2-Guinea Field Glass (the Gem), of great power. DOLLOND & CO.'S Celebrated GOLD, SILVER, STEEL, and TORTOISESHELL SPECTACLES. N.B.-All goods forwarded carriage free to any part of the United Kingdom. PRICE LISTS ON APPLICATION. COLLECTING AND PRESERVING. No. III.-BIRDS' EGGS. By THOMAS SOUTHWELL, F.Z.S. EFORE saying a word as to preparing specimens for the cabinet, I wish to impress upon the young oologist the absolute necessity for using the greatest care and diligence in order satisfactorily to identify, beyond possibility of doubt, every specimen before he admits it to his collection. With out such precautions, what might otherwise be a valuable collection is absolutely worthless; and it is better to have a small collection of authentic specimens than a much larger one, the history of which is not perfectly satisfactory; in fact, it is a good rule to banish from the cabinet every egg which is open to the slightest doubt. There are some eggs which, when mixed, the most experienced oologist will find it impossible to separate with certainty, and which cannot be identified when once they are removed from the nest. The difficulties in the way of authentication are by no means slight, but space will not allow me to dwell upon them; the most ready means, however, is that of watching the old bird to the nest, although, even in this, as the collector will find by experience, there is a certain liability to error. In collecting abroad it will be found absolutely necessary (however reluctant we may be to sacrifice life) to procure one of the parents with the nest and eggs. As we are writing for beginners at home, we trust such a measure will rarely be necessary; but that an accurate knowledge of the appearance of the bird, its nesting habits, the situation, and the materials of which the nest is composed, will be found amply sufficient to identify the eggs of our familiar birds. This knowledge of course is only to be obtained by No. 88. patient and long observation, but it is just by such means that the student obtains the practical insight into the habits and peculiarities of the objects of his study, together with the careful and exact method of recording his observations, which eventually enable him to take his place amongst the more severely scientific naturalists whom he desires to emulate. I will first describe the tools required, and then proceed to the mode of using them. Figs. 49 and 50 are drills used for making the hole in the side of the egg from which the conte nts are discharged by means of the blowpipe, fig. 51. Fig. 49 has a steel point, brass ferrule, and ebony handle, and may be used for eggs up to the size of the Wood-pigeon's; fig. 50 is all steel, the handle octagonal, to give a firm hold to the fingers in turning it, and may be used for eggs from the size of the Wood-pigeon's upwards. The points of both are finely cut like the teeth of a file, but longitudinally. The blowpipe, fig. 51, is about 5 inches in length (measured along the curve), and is made of German silver, which from its cleanliness, lightness, and freedom from corrosion, will be found the most suitable: it should be light and tapering, and with a Drills for perforating ring at the upper end, to prevent it from slipping out of the mouth when used. A piece of thin wire, fig. 52, should be kept in the tube when not in use, to Figs. 49, 50. Birds' Eggs. E |