6. Consonantal combinations of G:-
:-
g-d. lugged, begged, fatigued.

g-1. glade, gleam, glide, gloss, bugle.
g-r. great, grieve, grind, grove, grunt.
g-w. language, languid, languor.
g-z. legs, dregs, eggs, leagues.

7. Consonantal combinations of F:

1-f.

elf, pelf, self, shelf, gulf, wolf.
r-f. wharf, dwarf, scarf, scurf, turf.
s-f. sphere, spherule, spheric, sphinx.
f-l. flake, fly, flow, trifle, stifle.
f-n. often, soften, stiffen, roughen.
f-r. phrase, free, fright, from.

f-s. cuffs, ruffs, proofs, strifes, coughs.
f-t. haft, left, lift, loft, tuft.
f-th. fifth, twelfth.

8. Consonantal combinations of V :

l-v. valve, delve, twelve, revolve, resolve.
r-v. carve, nerve, observe, deserve, verve.
v-d. loved, starved, heaved, depraved.
v-l. drivel, shovel, grovel, devil.
v-n. heaven, raven, seven, given, striven.
V-Z. lives, wives, selves, elves, loaves.

9. Consonantal combinations of S:

f-s. fifes, laughs, griefs, cuffs.
k-s. packs, wax, sticks, vex.

1-s.

else, false, pulse.

n-s. dance, sense, dunce, ounce.

ng-s., amongst, singst.

:

10. Consonantal combinations of Z:

b-s. babes, ebbs, webs, glebes, robs.

d-z. beds, beads, brides.

dh-z. baths, paths, oaths, clothes.

g-z. bags, begs, bogs, eggs, rogues.
1-z. pails, tales, balls, calls.

m-z. games, names, gems, seems, lambs.

n-z. pains, pines, dens, impugns.
ng-z. songs, lungs, tongues.

r-z. bars, cares, fears, fires.
V-Z. caves, leaves, lives, loves.

z-d. buzzed, praised, blazed.
z-l. puzzle, muzzle, drizzle.
z-m. chasm, prism, rheumatism.

z-n. dozen, cousin, season.

11. Consonantal combinations of TH:

d-th. breadth, width, hundredth, thousandth.
f-th. fifth, twelfth.

1-th. health, stealth, wealth, filth, tilth, spilth.
m-th. warmth.

12. Consonantal combinations of DH:

dh-d. bathed, breathed, loathed, soothed.
dh-n. heathen.

dh-z. baths, bathes, tithes.

13. Consonantal combinations of SH:

k-sh. luxury (x=k-sh), fiction.

r-sh. harsh, marsh.

·

t-sh. march (ch=tsh), each, church, match.
sh-r. shrank, shrew, shrine, shrove, shrub.
sh-t. lashed, pushed, wished, washed.

14. Consonantal combinations of ZH (= j-e, French) :—

d-zh. gem (g=d-zh), age, ridge, budge.

zh-d. changed (ged=d-zh-d), edged, lodged.

15. Consonantal combinations of NG :-
ng-d. wronged, twanged, harangued.
ng-k. ink, sink, thank, monk.

ng-s. amongst, sing'st.

ng-z. kings, rings, wings, tongues.
ng-th. length, strength.

16. Consonantal combinations of L:-
b-1. blade, bleat, blow, blew, blithe, able.
d-1. ladle, needle, idle, muddle.

f-1. flame, fleet, float, flout, flock.
g-1. glade, glass, glen, glebe, gloss, eagle.
k-1. claim, clime, cling, treacle.
p-l. plain, please, ply, plume, temple.
r-1. marl, girl, pearl, churl, whirl.
slave, slant, slow, slight, slender.
title, gentle, turtle.

s-1.

t-1.

v-l.

z-1.

1-b.

l-d.

l-f.

1-k.

evil, devil, shrivel, drivel, shovel.
hazel, dazzle, weasel.

alb, bulb.

build, gild, bold, told, mould.
elf, delf, pelf, self, gulf, wolf.
elk, silk, bulk, sculk.

1-m. elm, helm, whelm, realm, film.

1-n. stolen, fallen, swollen.

1-p. scalp, help, whelp, pulp, gulp.

17. Consonantal combinations of M:

1-m. elm, helm, whelm, realm, film.

r-m.

s-in.

arm, swarm, term, firm, form.

smack, small, smell, smile, smoke.

th-m. rhythm, logarithm.

z-m. chasm, prism, schism, sophism, egotism.

m-b. accumb, succumb.

m-d. blamed, condemned, armed, stormed.

m-p. camp, stamp, hemp, imp, shrimp, plump.

m-t. dreamt, tempt.

m-th. warmth.

m-z. palms, seems, swarms, gums, tombs.

18. Consonantal combinations of N :

d-n. golden, garden, burden.

dh-n. heathen.

f-n. often, stiffen, soften.

k-n. broken, taken, bacon, beacon.

1-n. stolen, fallen, swollen.

p-n. shapen, ripen.

r-n. barn, fern, learn, stern.

s-n. snake, snap, sneak, snipe, basin.
t-n. fatten, kitten.

v-n. even, woven.

z-n. frozen, crimson, reason.

n-d. and, end, find, bond, bound.

n-s. dance, pence, sense, prince, dunce.
n-t. ant, aunt, sent, lint, hunt.

n-th. month.

n-z. guns, banns, stones.

19. Consonantal combinations of R (trilled) :

b-r. bramble, bread, bride, broom, brown.
d-r. dray, dream, drive, droop, drop.
f-r. fray, phrase, free, fright, frown.
g-r. grape, grieve, gripe, grope, group.
k-r. crane, creek, crime, chronic.

p-r. pray, reprieve, pry, prone, prove.
sh-r. shrank, shred, shrill, shrub.

t-r. tray, tree, try, trout, strength.

th-r. three, thrice, throw, through, thrust.

:

:

20. Consonantal combinations of R (smooth):

r-b. garb, verb, orb, curb, superb.

r-d. bard, herd, absurd, smeared.

r-f. scarf, dwarf, wharf, scurf, turf.

r-k. ark, mark, fork, work.

r-l.

gnarl, girl, whirl, furl, pearl.

r-m. arm, firm, form, worm, swarm.

r-n. learn, stern, fern, born, government.
r-p. harp, sharp, warp, chirp, usurp.

r-s. horse, verse, worse, purse, course.
r-sh. harsh, marsh.

r-t. art, thwart, filbert, skirt, short.
r-th. hearth, mirth, dearth, worth.
r-v. carve, swerve, reserve, preserve.
r-z. hers, ears, years, furze, elders.

21. Consonantal combinations of H:

h-w. whale, wharf, wheat, wheel, wheeze, whelm, whelp, while, whim, whine, whip, whirl, whisper, white.

22. Combinations of W:

b-u. buoy, buoyant.

:

d-w. dwarf, dwell, dwindle.

h-w. which, wheeze, whether.

k-w. quake, queen, quill, quorum,

S-W. swan, sweet, swoon, swindle.

t-w. twain, twin, tweezers, twelve, twice.
th-w. thwack, thwart.

23. WH:

wh is regularly sounded h-w. For examples see under H (21). 24. Combinations of Y:

It is asserted by some orthoepists that y consonant is the regular initial sound of the vowel u as heard in unit (which they therefore represent by yoo); and in accordance with this view we might have increased the foregoing lists by giving instances where consonantal sounds are prefixed to u, as in duke (d-yook), suit (s-yoot). But it seems to us, as we have before said (§ 14), that this sound (u) results from a

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rapid union of ee (or of its cognate shut sound i-ll) into oo, and is vocal from its very outset. We shall, therefore, consider y as entering into syllabic combination only with vowels, and as requiring no further exemplification in this place, for though the sound y is heard distinctly in such words as William (Will-yam), companion (compan-yon), the consonantal sounds l-y and n-y divide into separate syllables.

No. V.

EXERCISE ON HIATUS.

A-orta, a-erial, hi-atus, i-ota, o-asis, re-al, ide-al, geography, zo-ology, re-act, re-enact, re-inforce, re-unite, clawing, draw-ing, gnaw-ing, paw-ing, thaw-ing, saw-ing.

The ear, the apple, the arbour, high and low, new odes, two ears, two hours, no oaths, I have no idea of it, the attribute to awe and majesty, I saw an eagle, Victoria our queen, Sarah Ann, high altar, sea eels, raw egg, wee earwigs, free ease, three eagles, the e-olian lyre, brow ague, papa asks, China asters, opera arrangements, Aurora opens, go on, due union, how awful, I saw all.