It is hereby ordained and declared, by the authority aforesaid, That the following articles shall be considered as articles of compact between the original states and the people and states in the said territory, and forever remain unalterable, unless by common consent, to-wit:

ARTICLE 1. No person, demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of worship or religious sentiments, in the said territory.

ART. 2. The inhabitants of the said territory shall always be entitled to the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus, and of the trial by jury; of a proportionate representation of the people in the legislature, and of judicial proceedings according to the course of the common law. All persons shall be bailable, unless for capital offenses, where the proof shall be evident, or the presumption great. All fines shall be moderate; and no cruel or unusual punishment shall be inflicted. No man shall be deprived of his liberty or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land, and should the public exigencies make it necessary, for the common preservation, to take any person's property, or to demand his particular services, full compensation shall be made for the same. And, in the just preservation of rights and property, it is understood and declared, that no law ought ever to be made, or have force in the said territory, that shall, in any manner whatever, in terfere with, or effect, private contracts or engagements, bona fide, and without fraud, previously formed.

ART. 3. Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed toward the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and in their property, rights and liberty, they never shall be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity shall, from time to time, be made, for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them.

ART. 4. The said territory, and the States which may

be formed therein, shall forever remain a part of this confederacy of the United States of America, subject tc the Articles of Confederation, and to such alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made; and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled, conformable thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts, contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses of Government, to be apportioned on them by Congress, according to the same common rule and measure by which appor tionments thereof shall be made on the other States; and the taxes for paying their proportion, shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the district or districts, or new States, as in the origi nal States, within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. The legislatures of those districts, or new States, shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States in Congress assembled, nor with any regulations Congress may find necessary, for securing the title in such soil, to the bona-fide purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States; and in no case shall non-resident proprietors be taxed higher than residents. The navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St. Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same, shall be common highways, and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of the said territory, as to the citizens of the United States, and those of any other States that may be admitted into the confederacy, with out any tax, impost, or duty therefor.

ART. 5. There shall be formed in the said territory, not less than three, nor more than five States; and the boundaries of the States, as soon as Virginia shall alter her act of cession, and consent to same, shall become fixed and established as follows, to-wit: the western State in the said territory, shall be bounded by the Mississippi,, the Ohio, and Wabash rivers; a direct line drawn from the Wabash and Post Vincents, due north, to the territorial line between the United States and Canada; and by the said territorial line to the Lake of the Woods and Mississippi. The middle States shall be

bounded by the said direct line, the Wabash, from Post Vincents to the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a direct line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami to the said territorial line, and by the said territorial line. The eastern State shall be bounded by the last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the said territorial line; Provided, however, and it is further understood and declared, that the boundaries of these three States, shall be subject so far to be altered, that, if Congress shall hereafter find it expedient, they shall have authority to form one or two States in that part of the said territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan. And whenever any of the said States shall have sixty thousand free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted, by its delegates, into the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original States, in all respect whatever; and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government: Provided, the constitution and government, so to be formed, shall be republican, and in conformity to the principles contained in these articles; and so far as it can be consistent with the general interest of the confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier period, and when there may be a less number of free inhabitants in the State than sixty thousand.

ART. 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, зuch fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed, and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid.-Donaldson, pp. 155-56.

QUESTIONS.

1. What territorial claim did Virginia make? 2. Find out in your history what territory would be included? 3. Where do you find the first suggestion of dividing western territory and admitting the parts into the Union? 4. What State first objected to Virginia's claim? 5. What was meant by "back lands?" 6. Why did Maryland object to Virginia's claim? 7. How did Maryland

propose to dispose of these western lands? 8. Was the majority of Congress at first with Virginia or Maryland? 9. Can you find out why the first propositions to let Congress control these western lands were defeated? 10. What important differences in the then defeated resolutions? 11. Why did Delaware take the same general ground as Maryland? 12. Outline the arguments of Maryland, 1779? 13. What threat did Maryland make to force Virginia and other large States to action? 14. Why did Virginia's opening her land office create such an excitement? 15. How did Virginia answer Maryland and Congress? 16. Which had the better of the argument? 17. What did Virginia offer to do? 18. Was it enough?

1. Make a table to show the date of cession by each State of its claim to western lands. 2. What reason did they give for making their cessions? 3. What important effects on the United States grew out of these cessions? 4. Bring together all the reasons you can find for making the cessions. 5. Was there any difference of opinion in regard to the use that should be made of these ceded lands? 6. What territory was first ceded? 7. Find ont from your histories whether the claims of the various States overlapped. 8. If you find they did, do you see any important result growing from the cession? 9. What changes did Virginia make in the terms of her cession? 10. What was the last territory acquired from any State? 11. How did it differ in method from the other acquisitions?

1. Does this history throw any light on the Philippine situation? 2. For what use was the territory to be put? 3. What rights were the people to have? 4. Do you find any suggestion of holding the territory as subject territory?

1. What important principles are found in the law governing this territory, in the Ordinance of 1787? 2. Can you find any clause in the constitution of Nebraska which you can trace to this ordinance? 3. How many states were to be found? (a) at first, (b) later? 4. Trace on a map the boundaries of the states as they were to be by this ordinance. 5. How do they vary as they now are? 6. What change from Art. 6 do you find in the Georgia cession? 7. What does the change mean? 8. Write a history of the Territory of the United States from 1776 to 1803.

ACQUISITION OF LOUISIANA

Louisiana purchase, 1803. Area, 883,072 square miles. Southeastern boundary in dispute, settled 1819. Southwestern boundary in doubt, settled 1819. Northern boundary uncertain, settled 1818. Did not include the Oregon country. Total cost, $27,267,621.98. Provision for its admission as states into the Union.