More important than temporary assistance or the tempora ponement of the homeopathic question, was the fact that by g this aid the State recognized the principle of State assistance tablished a precedent which has been of incalculable benefi university. No doubt the people of Michigan were always r give any needed assistance to higher education in the State. 1 direct aid recognized the university as a State institution, depen State assistance-a portion of the school system of the Stat may seem to the reader an imaginary benefit, inasmuch as 1 beginning the university was a State institution. There was, b in the early days altogether too much of a tendency to speal "Ann Arbor College." Indeed, it has not been many years that th of Michigan have wholly realized that the University of Michigan university to cherish, protect, and be proud of. Everythin caused the people to recognize their own child, everything whi ulated parental pride, was of immense importance for its gro development. In consequence of this assistance the professors were raised, as already stated, to $2,000 per annum. The wis ceptable conclusion of this controversy was largely due to th conduct of the president and to his conciliatory and unbigoted

In the six years of Dr. Haven's administration the univer many developments. A school of mines was established in the degree of mining engineer was conferred at two or three co ments after that date.

A new course known as the Latin and scientific course wa lished in 1867, a forerunner of the "modern classical" cours University of Wisconsin, and a model for colleges and acad the West. The characteristic of this course is that French or is required for admittance instead of Greek. French and without Greek, are requisite studies for graduation. The desig course was to offer the advantages of the university to a grea ber of students, to furnish a line of studies neither so strictly and disciplinary as the old classical course, nor so limited to scientific and technical work as were the scientific and en courses. The continuous popularity of this course and its s furnishing graduates well disciplined and equipped attest th of its establishment. The degree of Bachelor of Philosop given in 1870, has since that time been annually conferred of honorable completion of this course.

In 1868 a course of pharmacy was drawn up offering adva those desiring to become skilled druggists and pharmaceutical The degree of pharmaceutical chemist was first conferred in 1 school of pharmacy was not organized as a distinct departme university until 1876, and it may be said, though partly in an of succeeding administrations, that since the time of its org

dents, all of whom are engaged most of their time in actual practical in. vestigation in the chemical laboratory. Constant additions to the building have been necessary, until now it covers a large area of ground, offering with its annexed stories, its added wings, and its appended additions a very good illustration of the expansion of the whole university from its humble beginnings.

In various other ways did the university develop during the years of President Haven's administration. The library gradually increased. In 1865, by an actual count, the library consisted of something like 13,500 volumes; in 1869 there were some 17,000 volumes. During these years only about $1,500 was spent for periodicals and new books. A number of gifts added to the wealth of the institution. Mrs. R. R. Richards gave the "Houghton Herbarium," being a collection of plants prepared by Dr. Douglas Houghton. Dr. Sager gave to the museum a collection of 5,000 specimens, and Mrs. Ames, of Niles, presented 22,500 specimens of plants, the collection of her husband, Dr. George L. Ames. In 1864 Dr. Rominger placed in the museum a collection of European fossils, numbering about 6,000, and in 1869 the regents purchased the collection for $1,500. The mineralogical and geological collections were much enriched by the addition of a number of specimens collected in the Upper Peninsula by a party under the charge of Professor Winchell.

President Haven resigned the presidency of the university at the June meeting of the regents in 1869. The board was unwilling to accept the resignation, but did so. He was offered the presidency of the new Northwestern University at Evanston, and decided to accept the position. His administration was a successful one. He worked harmoniously with the regents, won the respect of the faculties, and influenced for good the students and others connected with the institution. His policy was a conciliatory one, and it is doubtful if any other would have succeeded quite so well at that time. He felt a good por tion of the time as if he presided by sufferance, and many rigorous measures of order and discipline and general management had to be eschewed, and annoying but not destructive practices overlooked. He was possi bly fortunate in being able to connive at many customs and habits among the students which have disappeared under the stronger, more systematic, and more assured rule of the present incumbent of the presidency.1

The progress of the university during President Haven's administration was further shown by the follow ing consummation, which I name in the order of time: The office of the steward was located upon the grounds, and he was required to devote his whole time to the duties of the position (March 30, 1864) The Rominger collection of European fossils was purchased (March 30, 1864). The Houghton Herbarium was received (June 28, 1864). A reserve fund for the endowment of the library was created, which, in August, 1869, amounted to $17,166. A school of mines was inaugurated (March 28, 1865.) The astronomical observatory was enlarged (September 26, 1865). The Sager botanical collection was received (March 29, 1866). The policy of

was received (March 27, 1866). The Fletcher Professorship of Law was esta (June 28, 1866). State aid was obtained (1869). The medical college build enlarged (April 3, 1867). The Ford anatomical collection was purchased 25, 1868). A course in mechanical engineering was organized (December 2 The university hospital was established (March 31, 1869). The Sager ana collection was purchased (April 1, 1869). Steam heating apparatus was int (April 1, 1869).-[From "A memorial discourse on the life and services of Re tus Otis Haven, etc.," by Prof. Alexander Winchell.]

It is to be noticed that the course in mechanical engineering here menti Professor Winchell was established, but quickly given up. There were dents in the course.-A. C. M.

Immediately on President Haven's resignation, steps were taken to fill the chair, a committee of the regents visiting the East for the purpose of coming into communication with suitable persons. Professor J. H. Seelye, of Amherst, and James B. Angell, then president of the university of Vermont, were offered the presidency, but both, after visiting the university, declined to accept. President Angell was induced to this decision by the importunities of his friends in Vermont, and at the solicitation of the authorities of that university. A special meeting of the board of regents, held in August 1869, made Henry S. Frieze, who then occupied the chair of Latin, acting president of the university.' He at no time seems to have been desirous of holding that

'Henry Simmons Frieze was born in Boston, September 15, 1817. His father, Jacob Frieze, was a minister of the Unitarian church, and afterward a writer of considerable power for the newspapers of New England. Henry S. Frieze was prepared for college in Newport, R. I. He entered Brown University and graduated at the age of 24, valedictorian of his class. During the 13 years following he was an instructor in Brown University, and in the grammar school in connection with it. In 1854 he was called to the chair of Latin language and literature in the University of Michigan. He held that position until his death. Immediately upon his appointment, coöperating with Professor Boise, he made strenuous efforts to establish a high standard of classical learning in the university. The influence of his constant efforts is clearly seen in the strength of the classical course. In spite of "Western" tendencies toward "practical" studies, students in the early history of the State naturally inclining toward the material and the financial, the classical course has been and continues to be the most popular course in the university. In 1855 Dr. Frieze traveled in Europe and began the art collection which so developed under his curatorship. In 1860 he issued an edition of Virgil, and in 1865 one of Quintilian. In 1853 he published a revised edition of the Virgil, with a Virgilian dictionary—a revised edition of Quintilian was issued later. He was acting president, as recounted above, from 1869 to the fall of 1871. He was again acting president, during the absence of President Angell in China, in 1880-81. In 1886 appeared a short biography, from the pen of Dr. Frieze, of Giovanni Dupré, the Italian artist, and two dialogues on art from the Italian of Augusto Conti. This book is a valuable contribution to the literature of art, and is written in a graceful, musical style characteristic of all the literary work of the author. At various times lectures and memorial addresses have been delivered; one of the best known of his addresses being on the Relations of the State University to Religion, delivered at the semicentennial celebration in 1887. Dr. Frieze died December 8, 1889, while in active service at the university. His broad and accurate scholarship, his generous enthusiasm, his devotion to the university, his originality and liberality in all questions of its advancement or management, made him a power in its councils, while his noble gentleness and the beauty of his Christian character

position, nor did successful administration encourage his lov ministering. The committee whose duty it was to find a suc Dr. Haven were induced by the eminent success of Dr. Friez him the permanent presidency, and it is stated that the bo unanimously in favor of erasing the "acting" from his title. would not consent to have his name go before the board for pose. His short administration was an eventful one for the sity-full of progress, full of development along the old genero Dr. Frieze was a great admirer of ex-President Tappan, and be expected that under his guidance affairs would be limited b row or short-sighted policy. His influence, both as acting presi as professor in the university, was continually for growth; f ing not only upward but outward, in order that those still u by college influences might feel their presence; that the who might be elevated by the existence of a State institution. the college students themselves were to be permeated with ed doctrines and elevated by communion with the educational sp schools of the State were to feel the presence of the univer the atmosphere of the whole commonwealth was to be clarifi work of a great State institution, whose work was high and r yet not beyond the sympathy and appreciation of even the u There is no doubt that in his whole career Dr. Frieze was with such ideas. The people were to be elevated not by seei them and beyond them a mighty institution whose portals receive them and whose ambitious designs were unintelligibl felt that the university must come in contact with the whole the State, maintaining that contact until the people should advancement of the college their own advancement and t progress.

This sketch can not include the marks of development show ous additions to the faculty, nor mention the names or suggest of those whose literary and scientific reputations and careful c work have added to the fame and usefulness of the univers two years from 1869 to 1871 saw many names placed on the fa which have remained there to this day, a sufficient surety selves of accurate scholarship and wholesome personal influer

The question of the admission of women to the privileges o versity was long a mooted one. The branch schools, it will b bered, were to have departments for the education of women. was not realized in the early days, and when the branches dis and high schools took their place there was no reason for the ment of such departments. Applications were, however, occ made to the legislature in the succeeding years. There are, stances of personal application on the part of women who de privileges of the university. The first report made by a com

the regents. annointed to look into the subiect was fair and