1. There is no word in Latin for a or the. The word dies may mean a day, or the day; primo die means on the first day. The words a, an, the, are called ARTICLES. 2. There is no word in Latin for he, she, or it. The word fecit may mean he made, or, she made. Sometimes we may use, for he, she, it, a Demonstrative Pronoun: as, hic, hæc, hoc, this one; or, is, ea, id, that one. 3. The third person of a verb in the Active Voice ends in t; the third person plural in nt. aquas in unum locum, et eduxit e terrâ plantas et place, árbores. Quarto die fecit solem, et lunam, et stellas. trees. Fourth sun, moon, stars. Quinto die fecit aves quæ vólitant in áëre, et pisces Fifth birds which fly qui natant in aquis. Sexto die fecit omnia animantia, which swim Sixth all live-creatures, postremò, hóminem; et quiévit die séptimo. lastly, man rested seventh. Lesson 2. inter, between or among. qui, quæ, quod, who or which (nom.). pater vocat filium, the father calls [his] son. ibi, there. hæc puella amat sororem, this girl loves [her] sister. 4. In these examples, pater, filius, puella, are in the Nominative Case; and patrem, filium, sororem, in the Accusative. 5. The Nominative is the Subject of the sentence, and the Accusative the Object. 6. The nominative singular of almost all masculine nouns, and many feminine nouns, ends in o, r, or s; and their accusative always ends in m. Very many feminine nouns end in a. 7. Many names of Things are masculine or feminine in Latin. II. The Garden of Eden. Deus pósuit Adámum et Evam in horto amœ inter eas arbor scientiæ boni et mali. Deus dixit Serpens, qui erat callidissimum omnium animan The-serpent, most-cunning tium, dixit mulieri: "Cur non cómedis fructum to-the-woman: istíus árboris?" Mulier respondit: "Deus id pro of-that híbuit. Si tetigérimus illum, moriémur." "Mínimè," bade. we-touch that we-shall-die. Not-at-all inquit serpens ; non-moriémini; sed éritis símiles said you-shall-not-die; shall-be like Deo, scientes bonum et malum." Mulier, decepta knowing deceived his verbis, decerpsit fructum, et comédit; deinde Tum Deus ejécit Adámum et Evam ex horto, ut 8. The nominative plural of most masculine and feminine nouns ends in i, æ, or es, and the accusative in as, es, or os; most of those in i, os, are masculine, and in æ, as, feminine. 9. In neuter nouns, the nominative and accusative are always alike: in the plural, they end in a. 10. The pronouns ego, I, nos, we, tu, vos, you, are not used in Latin, except sometimes for the sake of emphasis: bonus es, means you are good; tu es bonus, it is you that are good. 11. In English we say you are, whether we mean one person or more than one. In Latin, we say es if we mean one person; and estis if we mean more than one. 12. The word num is used in asking a question when the answer would be No. et Abel numerantur: hic erat pastor, ille agrícola. "Cur invides fratri? si rectè fácies, recípies mer do-you-envy rightly 2 you-do 1 you-shall-receive re cédem; sin autem malé, lues pœnam peccáti. ward badly will-suffer punishment of-sin. Caïnus non páruit Deo: dissimulans iram, dixit obeyed hiding anger, fratri-suo: Age eámus deambulátum." Itaque to-his-brother Come, let-us-go to-walk. therefore unà ambo abiérunt foras: et quum essent in agro, together both went abroad they-were Caïnus írruit in Abélem, et interfécit eum. field, Deus sprang upon killed him. dixit Caïno: "Ubi est tuus frater ?" Caïnus respon answered dit: "Néscio; num ego sum custos fratris mei?” Deus dixit Caïno: "Caïne, quid fecisti? sanguis have-you-done blood fratris tui, quem ipse fudísti manu-tuâ clamat ad of yourself have-shed with-your-hand cries me. Infesta tibi erit terra, quæ bibit sánguinem hostile to-you shall-be drank Abélis: quum colúeris eam longo et duro labore, feret nullos fructus: eris vagus in orbe-terrárum." it-shall-bear no you-shall-be wanderer the-whole earth. cum, with. per, through. -que, and. ita, so. Lesson 4. simul, at the same time. se, himself, herself, themselves. suus, sua, suum, his, hers, theirs. tum, then. postquam, when, after. deinde, then, afterwards. TENSES OF THE VERB esse, to be. I. IMPERFECT, was. tandem, at length. PRESENT, I am. FUTURE, will be. 13. If a word has only two syllables, always give the Accent on the first syllable. 14. If a word has more than two syllables, accent the syllable before the last when it is marked long, like erā ́mus; if it is marked short, like er ĭmus, accent the one before it. 15. After the verb esse, to be, the nominative is used, not the accusative: as, pater meus est agricola, my father is a farmer. This is called the predicate-nominative. (See 111). |