1. There is no word in Latin for a or the. The word dies may mean a day, or the day; primo die means on the first day. The words a, an, the, are called ARTICLES.

2. There is no word in Latin for he, she, or it. The word fecit may mean he made, or, she made. Sometimes we may use, for he, she, it, a Demonstrative Pronoun: as,

hic, hæc, hoc, this one; or, is, ea, id, that one.

3. The third person of a verb in the Active Voice ends in t; the third person plural in nt.

aquas in unum locum, et eduxit e terrâ plantas et

place,

árbores. Quarto die fecit solem, et lunam, et stellas.

trees.

Fourth

sun,

moon,

stars.

Quinto die fecit aves quæ vólitant in áëre, et pisces

Fifth

birds which fly

qui natant in aquis. Sexto die fecit omnia animantia,

which

swim

Sixth

all

live-creatures,

postremò, hóminem; et quiévit die séptimo.

lastly,

man

rested

seventh.

Lesson 2.

inter, between or among. qui, quæ, quod, who or which (nom.).

pater vocat filium, the father calls [his] son.
filius audit patrem, the son hears [his] father.

ibi, there.

hæc puella amat sororem, this girl loves [her] sister.

4. In these examples, pater, filius, puella, are in the Nominative Case; and patrem, filium, sororem, in the Accusative.

5. The Nominative is the Subject of the sentence, and the Accusative the Object.

6. The nominative singular of almost all masculine nouns, and many feminine nouns, ends in o, r, or s; and their accusative always ends in m. Very many feminine nouns end in a. 7. Many names of Things are masculine or feminine in

Latin.

II. The Garden of Eden.

Deus pósuit Adámum et Evam in horto amœ

inter eas arbor scientiæ boni et mali. Deus dixit

Serpens, qui erat callidissimum omnium animan

The-serpent,

most-cunning

tium, dixit mulieri: "Cur non cómedis fructum

to-the-woman:

istíus árboris?" Mulier respondit: "Deus id pro

of-that

híbuit. Si tetigérimus illum, moriémur." "Mínimè,"

bade.

we-touch
ee

that

we-shall-die.

Not-at-all

inquit serpens ; non-moriémini; sed éritis símiles

said

you-shall-not-die;

shall-be like

Deo, scientes bonum et malum." Mulier, decepta

knowing

deceived

his verbis, decerpsit fructum, et comédit; deinde

Tum Deus ejécit Adámum et Evam ex horto, ut

8. The nominative plural of most masculine and feminine nouns ends in i, æ, or es, and the accusative in as, es, or os; most of those in i, os, are masculine, and in æ, as, feminine.

9. In neuter nouns, the nominative and accusative are always alike: in the plural, they end in a.

10. The pronouns ego, I, nos, we, tu, vos, you, are not used in Latin, except sometimes for the sake of emphasis: bonus es, means you are good; tu es bonus, it is you that are good.

11. In English we say you are, whether we mean one person or more than one. In Latin, we say es if we mean one person; and estis if we mean more than one.

12. The word num is used in asking a question when the answer would be No.

et Abel numerantur: hic erat pastor, ille agrícola.

"Cur invides fratri? si rectè fácies, recípies mer

do-you-envy

rightly 2 you-do 1 you-shall-receive re

cédem; sin autem malé, lues pœnam peccáti.

ward

badly will-suffer punishment

of-sin.

Caïnus non páruit Deo: dissimulans iram, dixit

obeyed

hiding

anger,

fratri-suo: Age eámus deambulátum." Itaque

to-his-brother

Come, let-us-go

to-walk.

therefore

unà ambo abiérunt foras: et quum essent in agro,

together both

went

abroad

they-were

Caïnus írruit in Abélem, et interfécit eum.

field, Deus

sprang upon

killed

him.

dixit Caïno: "Ubi est tuus frater ?" Caïnus respon

answered

dit: "Néscio; num ego sum custos fratris mei?”

Deus dixit Caïno: "Caïne, quid fecisti? sanguis

have-you-done blood

fratris tui, quem ipse fudísti manu-tuâ clamat ad

of

yourself have-shed with-your-hand cries

me. Infesta tibi erit terra, quæ bibit sánguinem

hostile to-you shall-be

drank

Abélis: quum colúeris eam longo et duro labore,

feret nullos fructus: eris vagus in orbe-terrárum."

it-shall-bear no

you-shall-be wanderer

the-whole earth.

cum, with. per, through. -que, and.

ita, so.

Lesson 4.

simul, at the same time.

se, himself, herself, themselves. suus, sua, suum, his, hers, theirs. tum, then.

postquam, when, after.

deinde, then, afterwards.
totidem, as many.

TENSES OF THE VERB esse, to be. I.

IMPERFECT, was.

tandem, at length.

PRESENT, I am.

FUTURE, will be.

13. If a word has only two syllables, always give the

Accent on the first syllable.

14. If a word has more than two syllables, accent the syllable before the last when it is marked long, like erā ́mus; if it is marked short, like er ĭmus, accent the one before it.

15. After the verb esse, to be, the nominative is used, not the accusative: as, pater meus est agricola, my father is a farmer. This is called the predicate-nominative. (See 111).